Business Management
If you’re thinking about raising sheep commercially, there are many different factors to consider. Use Penn State Extension’s vast collection of resources to help make your farm a profitable one. Topics covered include an introduction to livestock production, using flock records to set goals and make selection decisions, farm biosecurity, pricing meat, marketing your products, and farm finances.
Raising Sheep for Profit
Raising sheep for profit is possible on both small acreage-farms and much larger enterprises. Profitability can be challenging, but with productive sheep and close control of expenses, it is possible to make your operation efficient. Successful marketing of sheep products is also critical for a profitable sheep operation.
Sheep producers have to face another challenge. The average consumption of lamb is declining and people consume it mostly during the spring holidays rather than all year. Producers can do a lot to increase the popularity of lamb. They can market it for various ethnic holidays or there may be existing markets to take advantage of.
Timing is another important factor. The price of lamb is often higher in the spring. Knowing what prices to charge for your meat cuts is dependent on the cost of production. The cost of raising an animal includes the cost of the initial purchase through until the day of slaughter.
Sheep Farm Business and Management
If you want your sheep raising operation to be a successful one, there are several factors to bear in mind. These include safe operation and facilities, nutrition and manure management plans, and risk management. Flock records can be used to set goals and make selection decisions. You should also have a strategy and budget for selecting your next ram. Being prepared for an emergency plays a critical role in a sheep raising business.
Another important aspect to consider is how you’re going to finance your sheep farm. There are many ways to finance your new enterprise, but you will need a written business plan to show the funders how you plan to use funds and make repayments. You can use budgeting to help guide you in making the best financial decisions.
Penn State Extension’s Custom Agricultural Business: A Guide to Get You Started is for farm owners, operators, and producers who want to know more about running a successful livestock business.
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ArticlesSheep Records: The Key to Profitability
A key to the profitability of any livestock operation is a good set of records. -
ArticlesDo You Have a Plan for Marketing Your Lambs?
Developing a marketing plan, and sticking to it, will help you succeed in the sheep business. -
WebinarsFree
Solar Grazing with Sheep: Challenges and Opportunities
When 04/07/2026Event Format Virtual | LiveExplore the opportunities and challenges of solar grazing, from flock management to building strong partnerships that support both agriculture and renewable energy. -
WebinarsFree
Making Production Records Work for You
When 12/09/2025Length 1 hourEvent Format Virtual | LiveUnlock the power of livestock records—learn to track, analyze, and use production data to make smarter management decisions and grow your operation. -
NewsOctober 2025 Pennsylvania Sheep and Wool Festival
Date Posted 9/10/2025Inaugural Pennsylvania Sheep and Wool Festival to be held at Dayton Fairgrounds -
The Barnyard Broadcast: A Podcast from Penn State Extension
The Barnyard Podcast covers topics for the livestock industry, including general care, health, nutrition, breeding, milking, and marketing. A monthly market update is also published so producers can stay current on state and national trends. -
ArticlesWhy Aren't All Meat Processors the Same in Pennsylvania?
In Pennsylvania, livestock slaughtered can be "Inspected" or "Custom." Meat from livestock harvested under custom slaughter is exempt from inspection but cannot be sold, donated, or given away. -
ArticlesExploring Two Ways to Direct Market in Pennsylvania
Producers have two options to pursue when marketing livestock post harvest in the U.S.: Selling under United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) inspection, or custom sale of live animals harvested by the buyer's butcher. -
Online Courses$125.00
Sheep Management and Production: Instructor Guided
Sections 8Length 25 hoursLearn basics of sheep production and operation management, including breeds, nutrition, health, grazing, and marketing. This course includes webinars and worksheets. -
ArticlesMarketing Lamb and Goat for Holidays
Throughout the year, lamb and goat are often the main course at holiday celebrations for many people. -
ArticlesSheep Grazing to Maintain Solar Energy Sites in Pennsylvania
Sheep grazing has proven to be a successful way to maintain solar energy sites in many states. Furthermore, grazing sheep has been found to be more cost-effective than a more traditional approach. -
ArticlesWhat You Should Know About Buying Livestock
What a bargain! The price looks great, but are you really getting a bargain? -
ArticlesWhat if Lambs Were Priced on a Grid?
Here come the lambs! Fat ones, skinny ones, tall ones, short ones. -
ArticlesHave You Reviewed Your Sheep Records Lately?
Record keeping is certainly not a favored task for most producers, but good records are certainly both necessary and valuable for making decisions. -
ArticlesBuilding an Emergency Response Plan for Livestock Producers
Whether you raise pigs, sheep, goats, or cattle, having an emergency plan for their care is critical for animal welfare and business continuity. -
ArticlesBody Condition: One More Evaluation Tool
Body condition, or fat cover, is one more evaluation tool that sheep producers can use to evaluate their sheep flock and management practices. -
ArticlesIntegrating Grazing into Cropping Systems: Infrastructure
Considerations about fencing, watering systems, animal handling and loading, and shade all need to be resolved before animals are placed on the cropland to increase the likelihood of the success of the grazing program. -
ArticlesMilking Sheep Production
A profitable Pennsylvania sheep milk industry needs three components: customers, processors, and distributors. -
ArticlesOff-Season and Accelerated Lamb Production
Sheep are ideally suited to small-scale and part-time farming operations in Pennsylvania due to their adaptability and nutritional versatility. -
ArticlesHow Much Should You Charge? Pricing Your Meat Cuts
Pricing meat for direct-to-consumer sales. -
VideosHow to Shear Sheep
Length 15:18In this video, Mike Fournier, former Penn State Extension Educator, demonstrates how to shear sheep. He also demonstrates the six sheep shearing positions. -
ArticlesUse Flock Records to Set Goals and Make Selection Decisions
Where are you headed in the future? Do you have any production goals for your flock of sheep? -
ArticlesReview Your Sheep Records
In order to have a good handle on some of your production practices, you need to review your records, both financial and production, on a regular basis. -
ArticlesSo You Want to Raise Sheep or Goats?
There are a number of management skills that each sheep or goat producer should have to be successful. -
ArticlesSpring Lamb Production
Compared to most other livestock enterprises, spring lamb production has lower investment costs and labor requirements, and quicker returns on investment.