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In the yeast genome, there are five genes known to encode aldehyde dehydrogenases, as well as an additional gene with sequence similarity. Ald2p and Ald3p are cytosolic enzymes which use only NAD+ as cofactor. Both genes are induced in response to ethanol or stress and repressed by glucose. Ald4p and Ald5p are mitochondrial, use NAD and NADP as cofactors, and are K+ dependent. Ald4p, the major isoform, is glucose repressed and ald4 mutants do not grow on ethanol, while Ald5p, the minor isoform, is constitutively expressed (10, 11). ALD6 encodes the Mg2+ activated cytosolic enzyme, which uses NADP+ as cofactor and is constitutively expressed. HFD1 has been predicted to encode a fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (3, 12, 9, 13).Null mutations in ALD6 confer a reduced growth rate in glucose relative to wild type cells, and growth is severely impaired in ethanol (1). During nitrogen starvation, however, an ald6 null mutation enhances viability. Apparently Ald6p activity is detrimental for survival under this condition, as Ald6p is degraded via the autophagy pathway in nitrogen starved cells (7). Aldehyde dehydrogenases are conserved across many species and are key enzymes in metabolic pathways, some of which function to detoxify harmful chemical intermediates. In humans, mutations in aldehyde dehydrogenase genes (ALDH1, ALDH2, ALDH4 and ALDH10) are associated with alcoholism and carcinogenesis. In plants, these enzymes play important roles in fertility and in fruit ripening (3 and references therein).", "date_edited": "2009-08-26"}, "literature_overview": {"primary_count": 69, "additional_count": 176, "review_count": 66, "go_count": 10, "phenotype_count": 11, "disease_count": 0, "interaction_count": 84, "regulation_count": 12, "ptm_count": 18, "funComplement_count": 0, "htp_count": 37, "total_count": 434}, "disease_overview": {"manual_disease_terms": [], "htp_disease_terms": [], "computational_annotation_count": 0, "date_last_reviewed": null}, "ecnumbers": [{"display_name": "1.2.1.4", "link": "/ecnumber/EC:1.2.1.4"}], "URS_ID": null, "main_strain": "S288C", "regulation_overview": {"regulator_count": 33, "target_count": 0, "paragraph": {"text": "ALD6/YPL061W promoter is bound by 9 different transcription factors in response to heat; ALD6 transcription is regulated by Yap1p in response to hydrogen peroxide and by Ino2p in response to glucose starvation; ALD6/YPL061W transcription is upregulated by Stb5p in response to glucose starvation and by Gcn4p in response to boron; Ald6 protein activity is regulated by Atg1p and Cdc5p", "date_edited": "2025-03-24", "references": [{"id": 1990960, "display_name": "Bergenholm D, et al. (2018)", "citation": "Bergenholm D, et al. (2018) Reconstruction of a Global Transcriptional Regulatory Network for Control of Lipid Metabolism in Yeast by Using Chromatin Immunoprecipitation with Lambda Exonuclease Digestion. mSystems 3(4)", "pubmed_id": 30073202, "link": "/reference/S000218435", "year": 2018, "urls": [{"display_name": "DOI full text", "link": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00215-17"}, {"display_name": "PMC full text", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6068829/"}, {"display_name": "PubMed", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30073202"}]}, {"id": 2380747, "display_name": "Dokl\u00e1dal L, et al. (2021)", "citation": "Dokl\u00e1dal L, et al. (2021) Phosphoproteomic responses of TORC1 target kinases reveal discrete and convergent mechanisms that orchestrate the quiescence program in yeast. Cell Rep 37(13):110149", "pubmed_id": 34965436, "link": "/reference/S000312707", "year": 2021, "urls": [{"display_name": "DOI full text", "link": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110149"}, {"display_name": "PubMed", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34965436"}]}, {"id": 2488500, "display_name": "King GA, et al. (2023)", "citation": "King GA, et al. (2023) Meiotic nuclear pore complex remodeling provides key insights into nuclear basket organization. J Cell Biol 222(2)", "pubmed_id": 36515990, "link": "/reference/S000341354", "year": 2023, "urls": [{"display_name": "DOI full text", "link": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202204039"}, {"display_name": "PMC full text", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9754704/"}, {"display_name": "PubMed", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36515990"}]}, {"id": 402334, "display_name": "Uluisik I, et al. (2011)", "citation": "Uluisik I, et al. (2011) Boron stress activates the general amino acid control mechanism and inhibits protein synthesis. PLoS One 6(11):e27772", "pubmed_id": 22114689, "link": "/reference/S000149426", "year": 2011, "urls": [{"display_name": "DOI full text", "link": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027772"}, {"display_name": "PMC full text", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3219688/"}, {"display_name": "PubMed", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22114689"}]}, {"id": 1991725, "display_name": "Ouyang L, et al. (2018)", "citation": "Ouyang L, et al. (2018) Integrated analysis of the yeast NADPH-regulator Stb5 reveals distinct differences in NADPH requirements and regulation in different states of yeast metabolism. FEMS Yeast Res 18(8)", "pubmed_id": 30107458, "link": "/reference/S000218483", "year": 2018, "urls": [{"display_name": "DOI full text", "link": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsyr/foy091"}, {"display_name": "PubMed", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30107458"}]}, {"id": 414327, "display_name": "Venters BJ, et al. (2011)", "citation": "Venters BJ, et al. (2011) A comprehensive genomic binding map of gene and chromatin regulatory proteins in Saccharomyces. Mol Cell 41(4):480-92", "pubmed_id": 21329885, "link": "/reference/S000145602", "year": 2011, "urls": [{"display_name": "DOI full text", "link": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2011.01.015"}, {"display_name": "PMC full text", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3057419/"}, {"display_name": "PubMed", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21329885"}]}, {"id": 561452, "display_name": "Cohen BA, et al. (2002)", "citation": "Cohen BA, et al. (2002) Discrimination between paralogs using microarray analysis: application to the Yap1p and Yap2p transcriptional networks. Mol Biol Cell 13(5):1608-14", "pubmed_id": 12006656, "link": "/reference/S000069926", "year": 2002, "urls": [{"display_name": "DOI full text", "link": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.01-10-0472"}, {"display_name": "PMC full text", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC111130/"}, {"display_name": "PubMed", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12006656"}, {"display_name": "Reference supplement", "link": "http://salt2.med.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/ExpressDByeast/EXDDisplayEDS?EDSNo=36"}]}]}}, "reference_mapping": {"616874": 1, "541540": 2, "649448": 3, "517760": 4, "2530670": 5, "551180": 6, "543992": 7, "633040": 8, "572207": 9, "615437": 10, "610336": 11, "610582": 12, "525306": 13}, "history": [{"category": "Name", "history_type": "LSP", "note": "Name: ALD1", "date_created": "2010-02-16", "references": [{"id": 615437, "display_name": "Wang X, et al. (1998)", "citation": "Wang X, et al. (1998) Molecular cloning, characterization, and potential roles of cytosolic and mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenases in ethanol metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bacteriol 180(4):822-30", "pubmed_id": 9473035, "link": "/reference/S000050673", "year": 1998, "urls": [{"display_name": "DOI full text", "link": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.180.4.822-830.1998"}, {"display_name": "PMC full text", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC106960/"}, {"display_name": "PubMed", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9473035"}]}]}, {"category": "Name", "history_type": "LSP", "note": "Name: ALD6", "date_created": "2000-05-19", "references": [{"id": 616874, "display_name": "Meaden PG, et al. (1997)", "citation": "Meaden PG, et al. (1997) The ALD6 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a cytosolic, Mg(2+)-activated acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. Yeast 13(14):1319-27", "pubmed_id": 9392076, "link": "/reference/S000050185", "year": 1997, "urls": [{"display_name": "DOI full text", "link": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(199711)13:14<1319::AID-YEA183>3.0.CO;2-T"}, {"display_name": "PubMed", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9392076"}]}]}, {"category": "Nomenclature history", "history_type": "LSP", "note": "Nomenclature history: Nomenclature of the aldehyde dehydrogenase-encoding genes was in flux before 1999, and in several cases the same gene name was assigned to different genes. The confusing issues, and the current nomenclature system, are explained in Navarro-Avino et al., Yeast 15(10A):829-42 (1999). Note that the name ALD1 is not in use as a standard name, since it was initially assigned to a sequence that later proved to be a cloning artifact (GenBank M57887.1).", "date_created": "2007-11-27", "references": []}], "complexes": []}; var domains_table_filename = "ALD6_domains"; var alias_table_filename = "ALD6_external_ids"; var domain_network_filename = "ALD6_domain_network"; var properties_table_filename = "ALD6_protein_properties"; var protein_experiment_table_filename = "ALD6_experimental_data"; var protein_abundance_table_filename = "ALD6_abundance_data"; var phosphorylation_table_filename = "ALD6_phosphorylation"; var display_name = "ALD6"; var format_name = "YPL061W"; var locus_id = "1283808"; function customize() { if (window.viewerInstance && viewerInstance.canvas) { viewerInstance.canvas.setBgColor({ r: 255, g: 255, b: 255 }); } } ALD6 Protein | SGD

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ALD6 / YPL061W Protein

Protein abundance data, domains, shared domains with other proteins, protein sequence retrieval for various strains, sequence-based physico-chemical properties, protein modification sites, and external identifiers for the protein.

Aliases
ALD1 10
Protein Product
aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) ALD6
Feature Type
ORF , Verified
EC Number
1.2.1.4
Summary
Ald6p is 500 amino acids long, short-lived, high in abundance; N-glycosylated on N296, acetylated on 9 lysines, succinylated on 5 lysines, ubiquitinylated on 10 lysines, phosphorylated on 18 residues; protein activity regulated by Cdc5p via phosphorylation on S261 and S262, and by Atg1p on S262

AlphaFold Protein Structure

AlphaFold, developed by DeepMind, is an AI program that accurately predicts protein structures from amino acid sequences, enabling visualization of protein conformations. The predicted structures can be accessed through the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and AlphaFold Protein Structure Database.

Model Confidence

Very high
Confident
Low
Very low

Experimental Data

Contains experimentally-derived protein half-life data obtained using stable isotope labeling by amino acids (SILAC) coupled with mass spectrometry. This section also contains protein abundance data for both untreated and treated cells obtained from over 20 studies. These data have been normalized and converted to a common unit of molecules per cell.

Protein Half Life

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Gene Experiment Result Reference

Protein Abundance

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Gene Abundance (molecules/cell) Media Treatment Treatment time Fold Change Visualization Strain background Original Reference Reference

Domains and Classification - S288C

Collection of computationally identified domains and motifs, as determined by InterProScan analysis; includes protein coordinates for the domain, a domain Description, a Source and corresponding accession ID, and the number of S. cerevisiae genes that share the same domain.

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Gene Protein Coordinates Accession ID Description Source No. of Genes with Domain

Domain Locations

Visual representation of the locations of the domains within the protein, as listed in the Domains and Classification table. Each row displays the domain(s) derived from a different Source, with domains color-coded according to this Source.

Scroll over a domain to view its exact coordinates and its Description.

Shared Domains

This diagram displays domains (colored squares) shared between the given protein (yellow circle) and other proteins (gray circles); the domains are color-coded according to their source, as displayed in the Domain Locations table, above.

Reset

Click on a gene or domain name to go to its specific page within SGD; drag any of the gene or domain objects around within the visualization for easier viewing; click “Reset” to automatically redraw the diagram.

Alleles

Curated mutant alleles for the specified gene, listed alphabetically. Click on the allele name to open the allele page. Click "SGD search" to view all alleles in search results.

View all ALD6 alleles in SGD search

Sequence

Protein sequence for the given gene in S288C and other strains, when available. Use the pull-down menu under "Strain" to select the sequence for a specific strain. The displayed sequence can be downloaded in FASTA format as a .txt file. Amino acids displayed in blue represent modification sites. More detailed evidence for these modification sites is presented in the Post-translational Modifications table, located just below the protein sequence.

* Blue amino acids indicate modification sites. More information below.

Post-translational Modifications -

Modification sites for the protein in the selected strain, based on the presence of a residue in the specific strain, as inferred from experimental evidence.

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Site Modification Modifier Reference

Sequence-Based Physico-chemical Properties - S288C

Calculated protein properties, including amino acid composition, length, coding region calculations, and atomic composition.

Amino Acid Composition

Sort table using the arrow to the right of a column header to sort by that column; download all properties as a .txt file using the "Download Properties" button.

Amino Acid Frequency Percentage

Physical Details

Length (a.a):
Molecular Weight (Da):
Isoelectric Point (pl):
Formula:
Aliphatic Index:
Instability Index:

Coding Region Translation Calculations

Codon Bias:
Codon Adaptation Index:
Frequence of Optimal Codons:
Hydropathicity of Protein:
Aromaticity Score:

Extinction Coefficients at 280nm

ALL Cys residues appear as half cystines:
NO Cys residues appear as half cystines:

Atomic Composition

Sort table using the arrow to the right of a column header to sort by that column; download all properties as a .txt file using the "Download Properties" button.

Atom Frequency Percentage

Data not found or not available for 

External Identifiers

List of external identifiers for the protein from various database sources.

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External ID Source

Resources

Homologs

AGD | AnalogYeast | BLASTP at NCBI | FungiDB | PhylomeDB | PomBase | YGOB | YOGY

Protein Databases

AlphaFold Protein Structure | AlphaFold Protein Structure | GPMDB | ModelArchive | Pfam domains | SUPERFAMILY | TopologYeast | UniProtKB | UniProtKB

Localization

CYCLoPs | dHITS | LoQAtE | YeastGFP | YeastRC Public Images | YeastRGB | YPL+

Post-translational Modifications

CoSMoS.c. | PhosphoGRID | PhosphoPep

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