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In the yeast genome, there are five genes known to encode aldehyde dehydrogenases, as well as an additional gene with sequence similarity. Ald2p and Ald3p are cytosolic enzymes which use only NAD+ as cofactor. Both genes are induced in response to ethanol or stress and repressed by glucose. Ald4p and Ald5p are mitochondrial, use NAD and NADP as cofactors, and are K+ dependent. Ald4p, the major isoform, is glucose repressed and ald4 mutants do not grow on ethanol, while Ald5p, the minor isoform, is constitutively expressed (10, 11). ALD6 encodes the Mg2+ activated cytosolic enzyme, which uses NADP+ as cofactor and is constitutively expressed. HFD1 has been predicted to encode a fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (3, 12, 9, 13).Null mutations in ALD6 confer a reduced growth rate in glucose relative to wild type cells, and growth is severely impaired in ethanol (1). During nitrogen starvation, however, an ald6 null mutation enhances viability. Apparently Ald6p activity is detrimental for survival under this condition, as Ald6p is degraded via the autophagy pathway in nitrogen starved cells (7). Aldehyde dehydrogenases are conserved across many species and are key enzymes in metabolic pathways, some of which function to detoxify harmful chemical intermediates. In humans, mutations in aldehyde dehydrogenase genes (ALDH1, ALDH2, ALDH4 and ALDH10) are associated with alcoholism and carcinogenesis. In plants, these enzymes play important roles in fertility and in fruit ripening (3 and references therein).", "date_edited": "2009-08-26"}, "literature_overview": {"primary_count": 69, "additional_count": 176, "review_count": 66, "go_count": 10, "phenotype_count": 11, "disease_count": 0, "interaction_count": 84, "regulation_count": 12, "ptm_count": 18, "funComplement_count": 0, "htp_count": 37, "total_count": 434}, "disease_overview": {"manual_disease_terms": [], "htp_disease_terms": [], "computational_annotation_count": 0, "date_last_reviewed": null}, "ecnumbers": [{"display_name": "1.2.1.4", "link": "/ecnumber/EC:1.2.1.4"}], "URS_ID": null, "main_strain": "S288C", "regulation_overview": {"regulator_count": 33, "target_count": 0, "paragraph": {"text": "ALD6/YPL061W promoter is bound by 9 different transcription factors in response to heat; ALD6 transcription is regulated by Yap1p in response to hydrogen peroxide and by Ino2p in response to glucose starvation; ALD6/YPL061W transcription is upregulated by Stb5p in response to glucose starvation and by Gcn4p in response to boron; Ald6 protein activity is regulated by Atg1p and Cdc5p", "date_edited": "2025-03-24", "references": [{"id": 1990960, "display_name": "Bergenholm D, et al. (2018)", "citation": "Bergenholm D, et al. (2018) Reconstruction of a Global Transcriptional Regulatory Network for Control of Lipid Metabolism in Yeast by Using Chromatin Immunoprecipitation with Lambda Exonuclease Digestion. mSystems 3(4)", "pubmed_id": 30073202, "link": "/reference/S000218435", "year": 2018, "urls": [{"display_name": "DOI full text", "link": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00215-17"}, {"display_name": "PMC full text", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6068829/"}, {"display_name": "PubMed", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30073202"}]}, {"id": 2380747, "display_name": "Dokl\u00e1dal L, et al. (2021)", "citation": "Dokl\u00e1dal L, et al. (2021) Phosphoproteomic responses of TORC1 target kinases reveal discrete and convergent mechanisms that orchestrate the quiescence program in yeast. Cell Rep 37(13):110149", "pubmed_id": 34965436, "link": "/reference/S000312707", "year": 2021, "urls": [{"display_name": "DOI full text", "link": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110149"}, {"display_name": "PubMed", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34965436"}]}, {"id": 2488500, "display_name": "King GA, et al. (2023)", "citation": "King GA, et al. (2023) Meiotic nuclear pore complex remodeling provides key insights into nuclear basket organization. J Cell Biol 222(2)", "pubmed_id": 36515990, "link": "/reference/S000341354", "year": 2023, "urls": [{"display_name": "DOI full text", "link": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202204039"}, {"display_name": "PMC full text", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9754704/"}, {"display_name": "PubMed", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36515990"}]}, {"id": 402334, "display_name": "Uluisik I, et al. (2011)", "citation": "Uluisik I, et al. (2011) Boron stress activates the general amino acid control mechanism and inhibits protein synthesis. PLoS One 6(11):e27772", "pubmed_id": 22114689, "link": "/reference/S000149426", "year": 2011, "urls": [{"display_name": "DOI full text", "link": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027772"}, {"display_name": "PMC full text", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3219688/"}, {"display_name": "PubMed", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22114689"}]}, {"id": 1991725, "display_name": "Ouyang L, et al. (2018)", "citation": "Ouyang L, et al. (2018) Integrated analysis of the yeast NADPH-regulator Stb5 reveals distinct differences in NADPH requirements and regulation in different states of yeast metabolism. FEMS Yeast Res 18(8)", "pubmed_id": 30107458, "link": "/reference/S000218483", "year": 2018, "urls": [{"display_name": "DOI full text", "link": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsyr/foy091"}, {"display_name": "PubMed", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30107458"}]}, {"id": 414327, "display_name": "Venters BJ, et al. (2011)", "citation": "Venters BJ, et al. (2011) A comprehensive genomic binding map of gene and chromatin regulatory proteins in Saccharomyces. Mol Cell 41(4):480-92", "pubmed_id": 21329885, "link": "/reference/S000145602", "year": 2011, "urls": [{"display_name": "DOI full text", "link": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2011.01.015"}, {"display_name": "PMC full text", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3057419/"}, {"display_name": "PubMed", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21329885"}]}, {"id": 561452, "display_name": "Cohen BA, et al. (2002)", "citation": "Cohen BA, et al. (2002) Discrimination between paralogs using microarray analysis: application to the Yap1p and Yap2p transcriptional networks. Mol Biol Cell 13(5):1608-14", "pubmed_id": 12006656, "link": "/reference/S000069926", "year": 2002, "urls": [{"display_name": "DOI full text", "link": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.01-10-0472"}, {"display_name": "PMC full text", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC111130/"}, {"display_name": "PubMed", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12006656"}, {"display_name": "Reference supplement", "link": "http://salt2.med.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/ExpressDByeast/EXDDisplayEDS?EDSNo=36"}]}]}}, "reference_mapping": {"616874": 1, "541540": 2, "649448": 3, "517760": 4, "2530670": 5, "551180": 6, "543992": 7, "633040": 8, "572207": 9, "615437": 10, "610336": 11, "610582": 12, "525306": 13}, "history": [{"category": "Name", "history_type": "LSP", "note": "Name: ALD1", "date_created": "2010-02-16", "references": [{"id": 615437, "display_name": "Wang X, et al. (1998)", "citation": "Wang X, et al. (1998) Molecular cloning, characterization, and potential roles of cytosolic and mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenases in ethanol metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bacteriol 180(4):822-30", "pubmed_id": 9473035, "link": "/reference/S000050673", "year": 1998, "urls": [{"display_name": "DOI full text", "link": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.180.4.822-830.1998"}, {"display_name": "PMC full text", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC106960/"}, {"display_name": "PubMed", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9473035"}]}]}, {"category": "Name", "history_type": "LSP", "note": "Name: ALD6", "date_created": "2000-05-19", "references": [{"id": 616874, "display_name": "Meaden PG, et al. (1997)", "citation": "Meaden PG, et al. (1997) The ALD6 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a cytosolic, Mg(2+)-activated acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. Yeast 13(14):1319-27", "pubmed_id": 9392076, "link": "/reference/S000050185", "year": 1997, "urls": [{"display_name": "DOI full text", "link": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(199711)13:14<1319::AID-YEA183>3.0.CO;2-T"}, {"display_name": "PubMed", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9392076"}]}]}, {"category": "Nomenclature history", "history_type": "LSP", "note": "Nomenclature history: Nomenclature of the aldehyde dehydrogenase-encoding genes was in flux before 1999, and in several cases the same gene name was assigned to different genes. The confusing issues, and the current nomenclature system, are explained in Navarro-Avino et al., Yeast 15(10A):829-42 (1999). Note that the name ALD1 is not in use as a standard name, since it was initially assigned to a sequence that later proved to be a cloning artifact (GenBank M57887.1).", "date_created": "2007-11-27", "references": []}], "complexes": []} ALD6 Disease | SGD

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ALD6 / YPL061W Disease

Disease Annotations consist of three mandatory components: a gene product, a term from the Disease Ontology (DO) controlled vocabulary and an evidence code. SGD provides manually curated DO Annotations derived from the literature.

Manually Curated

Manually curated DO annotations reflect our best understanding of disease association for this gene product. Manually curated annotations are assigned by SGD curators based on published papers when available, or by curatorial statements if necessary. Curators periodically review all manually curated Disease annotations for accuracy and completeness.

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Gene Disease Ontology Term Qualifier Evidence Method Source Assigned On Reference

High-throughput

DO annotations from high-throughput experiments are based on a variety of large scale high-throughput experiments, including genome-wide experiments. Many of these annotations are made based on DO annotations (or mappings to DO annotations) assigned by the authors, rather than SGD curators. While SGD curators read these publications and often work closely with authors to incorporate the information, each individual annotation may not necessarily be reviewed by a curator.

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Gene Disease Ontology Term Qualifier Evidence Method Source Assigned On Reference

Computational

Computational DO Annotations are predictions. These annotations are NOT reviewed by a curator. Currently, all computational DO annotations for S. cerevisiae are assigned by an external source (for example, the Alliance of Genome Resources (Alliance).

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Gene Disease Ontology Term Qualifier Evidence Method Source Assigned On Reference

Shared Annotations

This diagram displays manually curated and high-throughput DO terms (orange circles) that are shared between the given gene (black circle), other yeast genes (dark blue circles), and human genes (light blue circles).

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