Introduction to Computers Lecture # 11

Introduction to Computers Lecture # 11

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  Introduction to Computer Lecture# 11 Course Instructor : Sehrish Rafiq Govt. Girls Degree College Maneri Swabi Higher Education Department KP
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  Lecture Overview • Software •Types of Software  System Software Operating System Device Drivers Firmware Translators Utility Software  Application Software Commercial Software Customized Software Freeware
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  Software • Software isa general term used to refer to various kinds of programs used to operate computers and related devices. • It is a set of instructions which tell the computer to perform some particular task. • A computer cannot think about what to do with data and how to process it. • It must be told exactly what to do i.e. from where to take the data, how to process it and where to put the result. • All these steps must be written in to a particular computer language. • These set of steps are known as software/ programs.
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  Continued… • In otherwords we can say that the set of instructions which take data from input devices, process that data and send the output to output devices are known as software. • There are two types of software.  System software  Application software
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  System Software • Systemsoftware are programs consisting of instructions related with working of hardware and software. • It behaves like an incharge and performs the activity of overall supervision of input, processing and output of data. • The purpose of system software is to increase the capability of the system and to make the computer more effective. • System software is a base for application software and is responsible for managing hardware . • In other words we can say that system software acts as an intermediator between user and hardware.
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  Types of SystemSoftware • Operating system • Device drivers • Firmware • Language Translators • Utility Software
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  Operating System • Theoperating system is a type of system software which acts like an interface between computer hardware and end user. • It is installed first on a computer to allow devices and applications to be identified by the computer. • • Operating system is the first layer of software to be loaded into memory every time a computer is powered up. • It is the most important type of software in a system. • It is a set of programs which coordinate and control different activities of the computer. • Operating system is a resource manager which controls different hardware and software resources of a computer system. • A resource may be an input/output or storage device or it can be a program/ data file.
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  Operating System Examples •Windows Operating system Series  Windows 1-3  Windows 95  Windows 98  Windows XP 2000-2006  Windows 7-8  Windows 10 • Linux Operating system series  Ubunto  Arch Linux  Fedora  Red Hat  BackBox  Lunar Linux • Unix Operating system series  Ultrix  Sun OS  Solaris
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  Device Drivers • DeviceDriver software brings computer devices and peripherals to life. • Drivers make it possible for all connected components and external add-ons perform their intended tasks and as directed by the OS. • Without drivers, the OS would not assign any duties. • Usually, the operating system ships with drivers for most devices already in the market. • By default, input devices such as the mouse and keyboard will have their drivers installed. • They may never require third-party installations.
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  Continued… • If adevice is newer than the operating system, the user may have to download drivers from manufacturer websites or alternative sources. • Examples of devices which require drivers:  Mouse  Keyboard  Soundcard  Display card  Network card  Printer
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  Firmware • Firmware isthe operational software embedded within ROM, or EPROM memory chip by the computer manufacturer. • Traditionally, firmware used to mean fixed software as denoted by the word firm. • It is installed on non-volatile chips usually ROM and could be upgraded only by swapping them with new, preprogrammed chips. • Types of firmware embedded on chips include:  Bootstrap routine  BIOS  Assembler
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  Translators • A translatoris a program which translates source program in to object program. • A source program is a program written in a high level language(non- machine language) e.g. assembly language, C, C++, C#, Java etc. • An object program is a program in machine language obtained after translation process. • A computer understands machine language only therefore programs written in high level language or assembly language must be translated in to machine language before execution. • Types of translators  Assembler  Compiler  Interpreter
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  Assembler • A computercannot understand assembly language code therefore it has to be converted in to machine language. • Assembler is a translator software used to convert assembly language code in to machine language code. • Assembly language is machine dependent, therefore assemblers are supplied on ROM chips by the computer manufacturer.
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  Compiler • A compileris a translator software which converts programs written in a high level language in to machine code. • The process of translation is known as compilation. • Before translation the compiler first checks the syntax of the source program and report the errors to the programmer if found. • If the program is correct according to source language then the compiler translates it in to machine language. • A compiler compiles the whole program at once and save the object code for future use. • The object code can then be executed by the CPU.
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  Continued… • Every highlevel language has its own compiler /interpreter. • If a program has too many errors then the compiler works fast than interpreter. • Once a program is compiled, it always run fast than an interpreted program.
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  Interpreter • Interpreter isa translator software and like compiler it is also used for translating source program in to object program. • An interpreter translates the program line by line. • After translating a line in to machine code, the interpreter sends that line to CPU for execution and then translates another line. • It does not store any object code for future use. • If a program has too many errors, the interpreter stuck at each line which contains any error. • If a program is free of errors then the interpreter works fast than compiler.
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  Utility Software • Utilityprograms are a type of system software. • These are programs intended for diagnostic and maintenance tasks for the computer. • They ensure that the computer functions optimally. • Their tasks vary from crucial data security to disk drive defragmentation. • Most are third-party tools but they may come bundled with the operating system. • Examples and features of utility software include:  Antivirus software  Disk defragmentation tools  File Compression tools  Data backup tools  Data recovery tools  Firewall
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  Application software • Applicationsoftware, or simply applications, are also called productivity programs , end-user programs or packages. • Application software is designed for performing specific tasks. • They are designed by experts for the non-experts. • They enable the user to complete tasks, such as creating documents, spreadsheets, databases and publications, doing online research, sending email, designing graphics, running businesses, and even playing games. • Examples of application software  Microsoft office suite(word, excel, access, power point)  Vlc Media Player, Real Player, Adobe Flash Player  Street Fighter, Need for speed, Zuma Delux
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  Types of ApplicationSoftware • Commercial software  Commercial software are software which are designed for public use and sold in market.  Examples:- Microsoft Office, Adobe Photoshop, Dreamweaver etc. • Customized software • Customized software is that application software which are designed on order by the customer and according to specific customer needs. • Examples:- Management Information Systems, Online Admission system, Attendance Management system. • Freeware software • Freeware are those application software which can be downloaded for free from the internet. • Examples:- VlC media Player, Real Player, Skype, Adobe Reader, PDF X- change Viewer etc.