SOD1 and SOD2 are among the first genes to be implicated in the chronological aging of yeast (12, 16, 27). Deletion of SOD1 or both SOD1 and SOD2 dramatically reduces the chronological and replicative life span of yeast (29), while overexpression of both SOD1 and SOD2 extends survival but does not affect metabolic rates (30). Overexpression of SOD1 and CCS1 elevates the levels of Sod1p activity six- to eight-fold in vegetative cultures and increases the survival of stationary phase cells up to two-fold, showing that chronological lifespan is ultimately limited by oxidative stress (31).Activation of Sod1p in vitro requires both copper-bound Ccs1p and O2 exposure. Transition of anaerobic cultures to aerobic conditions results in the rapid appearance of Sod1p activity. Ccs1p mediates O2 or O-2 responsive activation of apo-Sod1p, thereby playing a direct posttranslational role in controlling the amount of the active form of enzyme (15). Ace1p, a transcriptional activator protein responsible for the induction of metallothionein CUP1, is also responsible for the induction of SOD1 expression in response to copper; the SOD1 promoter contains a single Ace1p binding site (1).Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are abundant enzymes present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes have two forms, one containing iron (Fe) and another containing manganese (Mn). The Cu-Zn form is found in few distantly related bacterial species. Eukaryotes have a Mn-containing form in the mitochondrion and a Cu-Zn containing form in the cytoplasm. The Mn and Fe proteins are related to each other, while the Cu-Zn protein is unrelated to either (16).Mutations in the human SOD1 are associated with familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) or Lou Gehrig's disease, a degenerative disorder of the motor neurons that may be caused by accumulation of reactive oxygen radicals (17, 19, 22, 24).", "date_edited": "2007-04-09"}, "literature_overview": {"primary_count": 305, "additional_count": 404, "review_count": 118, "go_count": 13, "phenotype_count": 55, "disease_count": 9, "interaction_count": 119, "regulation_count": 7, "ptm_count": 20, "funComplement_count": 6, "htp_count": 70, "total_count": 952}, "disease_overview": {"manual_disease_terms": [{"annotation_type": "manually curated", "qualifiers": [null], "term": {"link": "/disease/DOID:332", "display_name": "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis"}, "evidence_codes": [{"display_name": "ISS", "link": "http://wiki.geneontology.org/index.php/Inferred_from_Sequence_or_structural_Similarity_(ISS)"}, {"display_name": "IGI", "link": "http://wiki.geneontology.org/index.php/Inferred_from_Genetic_Interaction_(IGI)"}, {"display_name": "IMP", "link": "http://wiki.geneontology.org/index.php/Inferred_from_Mutant_Phenotype_(IMP)"}]}], "htp_disease_terms": [], "computational_annotation_count": 0, "date_last_reviewed": "2024-11-15", "paragraph": "Yeast SOD1 is homologous to human SOD1, and has been used to study mutations found in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; >100 different mutations of SOD1 associated with ALS have been reported"}, "ecnumbers": [{"display_name": "1.15.1.1", "link": "/ecnumber/EC:1.15.1.1"}], "URS_ID": null, "main_strain": "S288C", "regulation_overview": {"regulator_count": 24, "target_count": 0, "paragraph": {"text": "SOD1 promoter is bound by Bur6p, Fkh1p, Gcn5p Med2p, Med4p, Spt3p, Spt6p, Srb5p, Ume6p, Xbp1p, and Yap1p in response to heat; SOD1 transcription is upregulated by Msn2p/Msn4p; Sod1p protein activity is regulated by TORC1 in response to nutrient levels", "date_edited": "2023-09-11", "references": [{"id": 414327, "display_name": "Venters BJ, et al. (2011)", "citation": "Venters BJ, et al. (2011) A comprehensive genomic binding map of gene and chromatin regulatory proteins in Saccharomyces. Mol Cell 41(4):480-92", "pubmed_id": 21329885, "link": "/reference/S000145602", "year": 2011, "urls": [{"display_name": "DOI full text", "link": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2011.01.015"}, {"display_name": "PMC full text", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3057419/"}, {"display_name": "PubMed", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21329885"}]}, {"id": 1921783, "display_name": "Kuang Z, et al. (2017)", "citation": "Kuang Z, et al. (2017) Msn2/4 regulate expression of glycolytic enzymes and control transition from quiescence to growth. Elife 6", "pubmed_id": 28949295, "link": "/reference/S000206351", "year": 2017, "urls": [{"display_name": "DOI full text", "link": "http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.29938"}, {"display_name": "PMC full text", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5634782/"}, {"display_name": "PubMed", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28949295"}]}, {"id": 1971292, "display_name": "Tsang CK, et al. (2018)", "citation": "Tsang CK, et al. (2018) SOD1 Phosphorylation by mTORC1 Couples Nutrient Sensing and Redox Regulation. Mol Cell 70(3):502-515.e8", "pubmed_id": 29727620, "link": "/reference/S000216838", "year": 2018, "urls": [{"display_name": "DOI full text", "link": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2018.03.029"}, {"display_name": "PMC full text", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6108545/"}, {"display_name": "PubMed", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29727620"}]}]}}, "reference_mapping": {"614055": 1, "574875": 2, "512310": 3, "398398": 4, "397593": 5, "389391": 6, "383313": 7, "370179": 8, "482115": 9, "574889": 10, "2493736": 11, "505330": 12, "621540": 13, "623668": 14, "543275": 15, "596575": 16, "639214": 17, "541701": 18, "638409": 19, "597378": 20, "607185": 21, "599889": 22, "541794": 23, "536845": 24, "620649": 25, "564357": 26, "619805": 27, "541406": 28, "594292": 29, "550639": 30, "534652": 31}, "history": [{"category": "Name", "history_type": "LSP", "note": "Name: CRS4", "date_created": "2010-02-16", "references": [{"id": 619805, "display_name": "Culotta VC, et al. (1995)", "citation": "Culotta VC, et al. (1995) A physiological role for Saccharomyces cerevisiae copper/zinc superoxide dismutase in copper buffering. J Biol Chem 270(50):29991-7", "pubmed_id": 8530401, "link": "/reference/S000049199", "year": 1995, "urls": [{"display_name": "DOI full text", "link": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.270.50.29991"}, {"display_name": "PubMed", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8530401"}]}]}, {"category": "Name", "history_type": "LSP", "note": "Name: SOD1", "date_created": "2000-05-19", "references": [{"id": 614055, "display_name": "Gralla EB, et al. (1991)", "citation": "Gralla EB, et al. (1991) ACE1, a copper-dependent transcription factor, activates expression of the yeast copper, zinc superoxide dismutase gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88(19):8558-62", "pubmed_id": 1924315, "link": "/reference/S000051135", "year": 1991, "urls": [{"display_name": "DOI full text", "link": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.88.19.8558"}, {"display_name": "PMC full text", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC52548/"}, {"display_name": "PubMed", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1924315"}]}]}, {"category": "Nomenclature conflict", "history_type": "LSP", "note": "Nomenclature conflict: SCD1 has been used to refer to both SOD1/YJR104C, which encodes copper, zinc superoxide dismutase, and SCD1, a genetic locus that can mutate to suppress clathrin mutations.", "date_created": "2003-12-09", "references": []}, {"category": "Mapping", "history_type": "SEQUENCE", "note": "Mapping: Edition 11: sod1 has been renamed sod2 to conform to nomenclature established for eukaryotic manganese containing superoxide dismutase. sod1 has been reserved for Cu, Zn superoxide dismutases", "date_created": "1992-10-01", "references": [{"id": 598167, "display_name": "Mortimer RK, et al. (1992)", "citation": "Mortimer RK, et al. (1992) Genetic and physical maps of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Edition 11. Yeast 8(10):817-902", "pubmed_id": 1413997, "link": "/reference/S000056506", "year": 1992, "urls": [{"display_name": "DOI full text", "link": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320081002"}, {"display_name": "PubMed", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1413997"}]}]}, {"category": "Mapping", "history_type": "SEQUENCE", "note": "Mapping: Edition 14: Some sod1 alleles have been referred to as scd1 mutations, not to be confused with scd1, a suppressor of clathrin deficiency", "date_created": "1997-10-20", "references": [{"id": 587084, "display_name": "Cherry JM, et al. (1997)", "citation": "Cherry JM, et al. (1997) Genetic and physical maps of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nature 387(6632 Suppl):67-73", "pubmed_id": 9169866, "link": "/reference/S000060841", "year": 1997, "urls": [{"display_name": "PMC full text", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3057085/"}, {"display_name": "PubMed", "link": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9169866"}]}]}], "complexes": [{"format_name": "CPX-2267", "display_name": "SOD1-CCS1 superoxide dismutase heterodimer"}, {"format_name": "CPX-2896", "display_name": "[Cu-Zn] Superoxide dismutase complex"}]},
tabs: {"id": 1268431, "protein_tab": true, "interaction_tab": true, "summary_tab": true, "go_tab": true, "sequence_section": true, "expression_tab": true, "phenotype_tab": true, "literature_tab": true, "wiki_tab": false, "regulation_tab": true, "sequence_tab": true, "history_tab": true, "homology_tab": true, "disease_tab": true}
};
The S. cerevisiae Reference Genome sequence is derived from laboratory strain
S288C. Download DNA or protein sequence, view genomic context and
coordinates. Click "Sequence Details" to view all sequence information for this locus, including that
for other strains.
BLASTN |
BLASTP |
Design Primers |
Restriction Fragment Map |
Restriction Fragment Sizes |
Six-Frame Translation
BLASTN vs. fungi |
BLASTP at NCBI |
BLASTP vs. fungi
Basic sequence-derived (length, molecular weight, isoelectric point) and experimentally-determined (median abundance, median absolute deviation) protein information. Click "Protein Details" for further information about the protein such as half-life, abundance, domains, domains shared with other proteins, protein sequence retrieval for various strains, physico-chemical properties, protein modification sites, and external identifiers for the protein.
Curated mutant alleles for the specified gene, listed alphabetically. Click on the allele name to open the allele page. Click "SGD search" to view all alleles in search results.
View all SOD1 alleles in SGD search
GO Annotations consist of four mandatory components: a gene product, a term from one of the three
Gene Ontology (GO) controlled vocabularies
(Molecular Function,
Biological Process, and
Cellular Component), a reference, and an
evidence code. SGD has manually curated and high-throughput GO Annotations, both derived from the
literature, as well as computational, or predicted, annotations. Click "Gene Ontology Details" to view
all GO information and evidence for this locus as well as biological processes it shares with other genes.
View computational annotations
Macromolecular complex annotations are imported from the Complex Portal. These annotations have been derived from physical molecular interaction evidence extracted from the literature and cross-referenced in the entry, or by curator inference from information on homologs in closely related species or by inference from scientific background.
Phenotype annotations for a gene are curated single mutant phenotypes that require an observable
(e.g., "cell shape"), a qualifier (e.g., "abnormal"), a mutant type (e.g., null), strain background,
and a reference. In addition, annotations are classified as classical genetics or high-throughput
(e.g., large scale survey, systematic mutation set). Whenever possible, allele information and
additional details are provided. Click "Phenotype Details" to view all phenotype annotations and
evidence for this locus as well as phenotypes it shares with other genes.
Disease Annotations consist of three mandatory components: a gene product, a term from the
Disease Ontology (DO) controlled vocabulary and an
evidence code. SGD provides manually curated DO Annotations derived from the
literature. Click "Disease Details" to view all Disease information and evidence for this locus as well
as diseases it shares with other genes.
Interaction annotations are curated by BioGRID and include physical
or genetic interactions observed
between at least two genes. An interaction annotation is composed of the interaction type, name of the
interactor, assay type (e.g., Two-Hybrid), annotation type (e.g., manual or high-throughput), and a
reference, as well as other experimental details. Click "Interaction Details" to view all interaction
annotations and evidence for this locus, including an interaction visualization.
407 total interactions for 288 unique genes
The number of putative Regulators (genes that regulate it) and Targets (genes it regulates) for the
given locus, based on experimental evidence. This evidence includes data generated through
high-throughput techniques. Click "Regulation Details" to view all regulation annotations, shared GO
enrichment among regulation Targets, and a regulator/target diagram for the locus.
Expression data are derived from records contained in the
Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and are first log2
transformed and normalized. Referenced datasets may contain one or more condition(s), and as a result
there may be a greater number of conditions than datasets represented in a single clickable histogram
bar. The histogram division at 0.0 separates the down-regulated (green) conditions and datasets from
those that are up-regulated (red). Click "Expression Details" to view all expression annotations and
details for this locus, including a visualization of genes that share a similar expression pattern.
A summary of the locus, written by SGD Biocurators following a thorough review of the literature. Links
to gene names and curated GO terms are included within the Summary Paragraphs.
Last Updated: 2007-04-09
All manually curated literature for the specified gene, organized into topics according to their
relevance to the gene (Primary Literature, Additional Literature, or Review). Click "Literature Details"
to view all literature information for this locus, including shared literature between genes.
SOD1 / YJR104C Overview
Sequence
Analyze Sequence
S288C only
S288C vs. other species
S288C vs. other strains
Protein
Alleles
Gene Ontology
Molecular Function
Biological Process
Cellular Component
Complex
Pathways
Phenotype
Classical Genetics
Large-scale Survey
Disease
Manually Curated
Interaction
Physical Interactions
Genetic Interactions
Regulation
Expression
Summary Paragraph
Literature
Resources