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Unani medicine, By Dr.U.Srinivasa, Professor and HOD, Srinivas college of pharmacy, Mangalore- Karnataka
The document provides an overview of the Unani system of medicine, including its origins in Greece, introduction to India in the 11th century, and current practice. It describes the key concepts and principles of Unani medicine, such as the four elements (earth, air, water, fire) and four humors (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile) that make up the human body. Diagnosis involves examining the pulse, urine, and stool to assess diseases. Unani medicine has strengths in treating skin, digestive, mental, sexual, gynecological, and neurological disorders.
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Unani medicine, By Dr.U.Srinivasa, Professor and HOD, Srinivas college of pharmacy, Mangalore- Karnataka
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- 2. • The UnaniSystem of Medicine has a long and impressive record in India. • It was introduced in India by the Arabs and Persians sometime around the eleventh century. • Today, India is one of the leading countries in so for as the practice of Unani medicine is concerned. • It has the largest number of Unani educational, research and health care institutions.
- 3. Origin & Developmentof Unani System • Unani system originated in Greece • Hakim Ajmal Khan IS UNANI physician but also one of the foremost freedom fighters in the country. He established an Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia College and Hindustani Dawakhana – a pharmaceutical company – for Ayurvedic and Unani medicine in Delhi in
- 4. • Today theUnani system of medicine with hospitals and educational and research institutions, forms an integral part of the national health care delivery system.
- 5. • Principles &Concepts • According to the basic principles of Unani the body is made up of the four basic elements i.e earth ,air, water, fire which have different temperaments i.e. cold, hot, wet, dry. After mixing and interaction of four elements a new compound having new temperament existence. i.e Hot wet, hot dry, cold wet, and cold and dry.
- 6. • The bodyhas the simple and compound organs which got their nourishment ( The substances necessary for growth, health, and good condition ) through four humours i.e. blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile.
- 7. • The humour(put into a good mood) is also assigned temperament as blood is hot and wet, Phlegm is cold and hot, Yellow bile is hot and dry and Black bile is cold and dry.
- 8. • Phlegm iscold and hot ( Thick, sticky, stringy mucus secreted by the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, as during a cold or other respiratory infection). • Yellow bile is hot and dry (A yellow, or greenish, viscid fluid, usually alkaline in reaction, secreted by the liver. It passes into the intestines, where it aids in the digestive)
- 9. • Black bileis cold and dry • (a humor that was once believed to be secreted by the kidneys or spleen and to cause sadness)
- 10. • Unani medicinebelieves in promotion of health, prevention of diseases and cure. • Health of human is based on the six essentials • Atmospheric air • Physical activity and rest • Drinks and foods • Sleep and wakefulness • Excretion and retention • Mental activity and rest
- 11. • The humanbody is considered to be made up of the following seven components are: • i. Elements (Arkan) • ii. Temperament (Mizaj) • iii.Humors (Akhlat) • iv. Organs (Aaza) • v. Spirits (Arwah) • vi. Faculties (Quwa) • vii. Functions (Afaal)
- 12. Elements (Arkan) • Thehuman body contains four elements. (earth ,air, water, fire) • Each of the four elements has its own temperament as follows: • Element Temperament Air Hot and Moist Earth Cold and Dry, Fire Hot and Dry, Water Cold and Moist
- 13. Temperament (Mizaj) • Inthe Unani system, the temperament of the individual is very important as it is considered to be unique. The individual’s temperament is believed to be the result of the interaction of these four elements.
- 14. Humors (Akhlat) • Humoursare those moist and fluid parts of the body which are produced after transformation and metabolism of the aliments; they serve the function of nutrition, growth and repair; and produce energy, for the preservation of individual and his species.
- 15. • The humorsare responsible for maintaining moisture of different organs of the body and also provide nutrition to the body.
- 16. Organs (Aaza) • Theseare the various organs of the human body. The health or disease of each individual organ affects the state of health of the whole body.
- 17. Spirits (Arwah) • Ruh(Spirit) is a gaseous substance, obtained from the inspired air, it helps in all the metabolic activities of the body. It is the source of vitality for all the organs of the body. • These are considered to be the life force and are, therefore, important in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.
- 18. • These arethe carriers of different powers, which make the whole body system and its parts functional.
- 19. Faculties (Quwa) • Theseare of three kinds: • Natural power (Quwa Tabiyah) • Natural power is the power of metabolism and reproduction. Liver is the seat of this power and the process is carried on in every tissue of the body. Metabolism is concerned with the processes of nutrition and growth of human
- 20. • Nutrition comesfrom the food and is carried to all parts of the body, while growth power is responsible for the construction and growth of human organism.
- 21. • Psychic powerrefers to nervous and psychic power. It is located in side the brain and is responsible for perceptive and motive power. Perceptive power conveys impressions or sensation and motive power brings about movements as a response to sensation.
- 22. • Vital power(Quwa Haywaniyah) • Vital power is responsible for maintaining life and enables all the organs to accept the effect of psychic power. This power is located in the heart. It Keeps life running in the tissues.
- 23. Functions (Afaal) • Thiscomponent refers to the movements and functions of all the organs of the body. • In case of a healthy body the various organs are not only in proper shape but are also performing their respective functions. • This makes it necessary to have full knowledge of the functions of the human body in full detail
- 24. Diagnosis • The Diagnosticprocess in Unani system is dependent on observation and physical examination. • Diagnosis involves investigating the causes of disease thoroughly and in detail. For this, the physicians depend mainly on pulse reading and examination of urine and stool.
- 25. • The tenconditions of pulse observed during the diagnosis are: • i. Quantity • ii. Force • iii. Duration of movement • iv. Condition of the vessel wall • v. Volume
- 26. • vi. Durationof the rest period • vii. Palpitation of the pulse • viii. Equality and inequality • ix. Balance of the pulse • x. Rhythm
- 27. • Physical examination •Is carried out by the diagnosis of urinogenital disorders, pathogenesis of blood and other humors, metabolic disorders and liver diseases. • The following observations of urine are made: • Colour • Consistency • Clearness and turbidity • Odour • Foam or froth • Precipitates • Quantity
- 28. • The examinationof stool, its colour, quantity, consistency and the presence of foreign body help very much in the diagnosis of various diseases. • Besides the means of pulse reading and physical examination of urine and stool, other conventional means such as inspection, palpitation, percussion and occultation are also used for diagnosis purposes.
- 29. Strenght of Unani •Unani system of Medicine has very remarkable strength in the following disorders: • Skin disorders • Digestive disorders • Mental disorders • Sexual disorders • Gynecological disorders • Neurological disorders