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Fire and Gas Detection System_ - Simplified_Revised
The document discusses fire and gas detection systems on offshore platforms. It describes the importance of such systems for safety and explains different types of detection methods that can be implemented, including complete systems, sub-systems, portable detectors, and noise detectors. It also discusses the various components of detection systems like gas detectors using infrared, electrochemical, or catalytic techniques as well as flame detectors using infrared or ultraviolet. Placement of detectors and integration with control systems is also covered at a high level.
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Fire and Gas Detection System_ - Simplified_Revised
- 1. The Necessities ofFire and Gas Detection System On Offshore Platforms Ir. Gan Chun Chet
- 2. THE WORLD WELIVE IN TODAY(1) • Today, we live in a real world that implements (simulated) results, a simulated world in actual beginnings, depend on circumstances. • Environmental conditions are carried out with data recorded to assure the situation. • Are these worlds, that have been created, actually real or simulated? • Have humans invention harmed the environment. • Some would said that their inventions are working in harmony with nature while some will say that their inventions has been damaged by the environment that they lived in. • That the power of nature against human inventions (e.g. tsunami, hurricane, heavy snowfall, flood, etc.) Natural Disaster 2011, Sendai Japan.
- 3. THE WORLD WELIVE IN TODAY(2) • At present, engineering based on human invention is based on a simulated world where it all begins. Models are scrutinized at various organization, and some are applied in the petrochemical or oil and gas facilities. • Inventors of internal combustion engines linked back to 2nd century in Switzerland where a crank shaft or connection rod was documented. Later used and developed up to present stage as a reciprocating device. • Henry Ford the founder of Ford Motor Company sponsor the development of assembly line technique of mass production. • Today, we see internal combustion engines massively in used with variety of lean gas mixture designs. Ford assembly line 1913 Roman crankshaft dated to the 2nd century AD. The right handle is lost.
- 4. A WORLD THATSOME LIVE IN • In a place far beyond, lives another system that seems to be in a conducive nature. The atmosphere is soothing to a person BUT MIGHT NOT if there is a catastrophe. • It is a situation that is beyond our imagination, Piper Alpha Disaster (1988) at North Sea. • In a fire situation, or a gas leak scenario, is it real? Or is it simulated? Operator : Occidental Petroleum
- 5. TYPES OF FIREAND GAS DETECTION SYSTEM ON OFFSHORE PLATFORM(1) • What are implemented: • 1) In some application, the complete Fire and Gas Detection SYSTEM are required at a huge cost for implementation for the safety and wellbeing of a defined population, e.g. including Motor Control Centre MCC/Switchgear Room, FM-200, Battery Room, and Control Room. • 2) Some requires only a SUB-SYSTEM, for smaller group, where it will be safe for all in the vicinity (entry from process into utility areas/control building and addressable system to protect the personal in living quarters).
- 6. TYPES OF FIREAND GAS DETECTION SYSTEM ON OFFSHORE PLATFORM(2) • 3) Or probably requires only a fire watch (in quarters) and a portable detector that accompanies the person to detect a gas leakage in its define walk (utility) on occasional visits to the platform. • 4) Other method of studies : To apply noise detectors or microphone, due to small leakages. This is use measure the amplitude of the noise as the frequencies are visible on the spectrum. A Noise Spectrum Tool; SpectrumView
- 7. FIRE AND GASSYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM (configuration of hardwired signals for initiation/alarm)
- 8. APPLICATION OF VARIOUSFIRE AND GAS DETECTORS
- 9. FLAMMABILITY TRIANGLE • WHATIS FIRE AND GAS DETECTION ? • It is the method of detecting the presence of flammable/toxic gases and/or fire in identified areas of risk • WHY IS IT IMPORTANT ? • To protect and safeguard • Personnel, equipment and the environment • POSSIBLE CAUSES OF GAS LEAKS AND FIRES ? • Gas leak from pump seals, flanges, etc. – Wear and Tear, – Vibration, etc. • High pressured flammable gas will shoot out from pressurized pipeline or equipment from point of leakage • Possibility of an explosion or a fire (see flammability triangle) Figure 1 : Flammability Triangle
- 10. Figure 3 :Methane Gas Explosive Limits Figure 2 : Early Gas Detection Warning Level GAS DETECTION : The ability to detect lean concentration of METHANE gas at an early leakage stage before a catastrophe.
- 11. TYPES OF GASDETECTORS • Gas detectors – Infra red, electrochemical, catalytic (point detectors) – Infra red (line-of-sight) Model Polytron 2IR Model Pulsar Model Polytron FX Model APEX Model ECLIPSE Model OPECL
- 12. ANIMATION OF AGAS LEAK (animation) V-1 WIND GD-1 GD-2 Tx Rx
- 13. Line of SightGas Detectors
- 15. FLAME DETECTION :The ability to detect infrared flame when it appears Extract from NFPA 72
- 16. Model S251f+ (Triple IR) ModelX3301 (Triple IR) TYPES OF FLAME DETECTORS • Flame detectors – Infra red (triple 3IR) – Ultraviolet (UV) – Ultraviolet and Infra red (UV/IR)
- 17. PLACEMENT OF FLAMEDETECTORS (animation) FD-1 FD-2 V-1 FD-3
- 18. FIRE AND GASDETECTORS LAYOUT
- 19. FIRE AND GASMAPPING
- 20. A fusible plugis a threaded metal plug, which has a tapered hole drilled completely through its length. This hole is sealed with a metal of low melting point, usually lead or tin. PNEUMATIC FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM
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- 22. FUSIBLE PLUG LOOPSCHEMATIC
- 23. TYPES OF SMOKEAND HEAT DETECTORS • Smoke detectors – optical – ionisation (being phased out due to stringent disposal requirements of radioactive substances) • Heat detectors – rate of rise – fixed Model 601P Smoke Detector Model 601H-R Model 601H-F Heat Detector Courtesy of THORN
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- 25. Fail Safe Controller(FSC) Human Machine Interface (HMI) Addressable Fire Alarm Panel (AFAP) Part of the Shutdown System SDS Part of Fire Alarm System FAS Part of Fire and Gas System FGS or Process Control System PCS
- 26. ATTACHMENTS • Article (Technical) •1. Fire and Gas Detection – A Safeguarding System Worth Investing, Institute of Engineers Malaysia, Jurutera Magazine, 24 May 2008 • 2. Reliability of Gas and Flame Detectors on Offshore Platform, Institute of Engineers Malaysia, Jurutera Magazine, p25, Nov 2013 • Data Sheet (Technical) • 1. Sample of Gas Detectors Datasheet • 2. Sample of Flame Detectors Datasheet