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Expressionism architecture final edidation
Expressionism architecture developed in early 20th century Europe as artists sought new ways to convey emotional and spiritual ideas through abstract and distorted forms. Key characteristics included biomorphic shapes inspired by nature, asymmetric designs, and use of new materials like concrete and glass. Prominent expressionist architects included Erich Mendelsohn, Fritz Höger, Peter Behrens, and Rudolf Steiner. Mendelsohn's Einstein Tower and Höger's Chilehaus used innovative brick designs to distort forms for emotional effect. Steiner's Goetheanums in Dornach fused architecture, sculpture, color and space to convey spiritual concepts of metamorphosis.
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Expressionism architecture final edidation
- 1. Expressionism Architecture "Coloredglass destroys hatred", "Without a glass palace life is a burden", "Glass brings us a new era, building in brick only does us harm"- Paul Scheerbart Glass Pavlian,1914 (Bruno Tayt)
- 2. What is Expressionism? Expressionism is a term that artises in the early 20th century around a group of painters, mainly German and centered in Munich, who sought to convey deep emotional content using significant amounts of abstraction but without losing figural subject matter. Color played a major role in their work. They also sought to convey a new and different kind of emotional content, often verging on complex psychology and psychic struggle.
- 3. Expressionism is Expressionismis the way of expressing something in and around something that you feel emotionally, from all the things that happen pheomenally.
- 4. Expressionism is nota clearly defined term and may have more than one definition. It can often overlap other kinds of content and formal choices. Nevertheless, there is a certain quality about it that usually allows us to recognize it. Expressionist forms are often sculptural, sometimes irrational, usually personal and idiosyncratic. But they are also often distorted. The notion of identifying “expressive” qualities in a building is not necessarily the same as identifying
- 5. Expressionistic form canalso convey spirituality as well as psychology and it is important to evaluate a potentially expressionist form carefully before pronouncing a verdict.
- 6. Expressionism architecture Anarchitectural movement that developed in Europe during the first decades of the 20th century. The term "Expressionist architecture" initially described the activity of the German, Dutch, Austrian, Czech and
- 7. Characteristics Artsand Crafts movement and Art Nouveau influenced expressionists Art nouveau, principally a decorative convention turned to bionic and geomorphic forms.
- 8. Caspar David Friedich’sDas Eismeer (The Sea of Ice) 1921, Walter Gropius's Monument to the March Dead
- 9. expressionistic” qualities. Abuilding may convey some intentional meaning through its form(“expressive”).
- 10. Sydney Opera house 1957-73 (Jorn Utzon) Lotus Temple,1986 (fariborz sahba)
- 11. Distorted form foremotional effect, subordination of realism
- 12. Haus Duldeck inDornash 1915 (Rodolf Steiner &Hermann Ranzenberger)
- 13. An underlying effortat achieving the new, original,and visionary.
- 14. Einstein Tower inPotsdam near Berlin,1919-22 (Erich mendelson)
- 15. Themes of naturalromantic phenomena, such as caves, mountains, lightning, crystal and rock formations. As such it is more mineral and elemental than florid and organic which characterized its close contemporary art nouveau.
- 16. JFK International Airportin New York, 1956-62 (Eero Saarinen) National Museum of the American Indian,2004 (Douglas Cardinal‘s)
- 17. Forms insomething more gothic rather than classic, which resulted in forms and shapes that are individualistic from the other forms of architecture around that time Expressionist use of Monolithic materials.
- 18. Hohenzollernplatz Church berlin1930 (fritz höger(
- 19. Grundtvig's Church, 1927 (Peder Vihelm&Jensen klint)
- 20. Expressionism Architects ErichMendelsohn Fritz Höger Peter Behrens Rodulf Stiener
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- 22. Erich Mendelsohn (21 March 1887 – 15 September 1953) was a German architect, known for his expressionist architecture in the 1920s, as well as for developing a dynamic functionalism in his projects for department stores and cinemas One of the most important of the architects who are considered to be expressionists is Erich Mendelsohn who turned out countless drawings that are essentially thumbnail sketches of buildings based on the expressive capacity of form. Mendelsohn also found music to be a major source of inspiration for his work and made drawings that in essence expressed the content of specific musical works.
- 23. Architecture career At the end of 1918, upon his return from World War I , he settled his practice in Berlin. The Einsteinturm and the hat factory in Luckenwalde established his reputation The Hat Factory was commissioned in 1921, Mendelsohn's design included four production halls, a boiler, a turbine house, two gatehouses and a dyeing hall As early as 1924 Wasmuths Monatshefte für Baukunst produced a booklet about his work. In that same year, along with LudwigMies van der Rohe and Waltar Gropius , he was one of the founders of the progressive architectural group known as Der ring
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- 25. Steinberg hat factory,Herrmann & Co, Luckenwalde (1921-1923) with a strict
- 26. Schocken department store,Nuremberg(1925-1926)
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- 28. The EinsteinTower (German: Einsteinturm) is an astrophysical observatory in the Albert Einsein Science Park in Potsdam, Germanybuilt by Ericch Mendelson. It was built on the summit ofthePotsdam Telegraophenberg to house a solertelescope The exterior was originally conceived in concrete, but due to construction difficulties with the complex design and shortages from the war, much of the building was actually realized in brick, covered with stucco.
- 29. The complexityof shapes that make up the tower reflects on the one hand, a great sense of artistic freedom and, secondly, follows the ideas of Mendelsohn on what he called "functional dynamics", although it never came to define objectively, can be interpreted in their works in general as a clear desire for continuous and integrated forms. Continuing its forms modulate the light throughout the day by generating a series of unique and original futuristic visions. It is considered not only an advanced lab but also a monument "firmly supported on the ground but also ready to fly or take a leap," a product of the aerodynamic shapes that compose it.
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- 33. Fritz Höger (12 June 1877 – 21 June 1949) was a German architect from Bekeneihe he became known for his Brick Expressionist style of architecture.
- 34. Architecture career Höger is renowned for his use of Brick, in particular Brick Expressionism. Höger opened his own architecture office in 1907, he received many commissions for private homes around Hamburg. It was during this time that Höger established his style with the use of bricks n 1920 Höger published "The essence of the modern brick building" with Fritz Schumacher
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- 38. The moderndesign was much under debate already long before the constructions started. The basic structure of the church is a concrete skeleton, clad by the façades, finely structured on the long sides and of even masonry on the narrow sides The entrance at the western side is flanked both sides by the cladding of the two round staircases. A semicircular flight of stairs leads to the ogival main portal. The ogival form of the girders grants the interior a kind of Gothic
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- 41. Peter Behrens (14 April 1868 – 27 February 1940) was a German architect and designer. He was important for the modernist movement, and several of the movement's leading names (including Ludwig Mies van der rohe,Le Corbusier and Walter Gropius) in earlier stages of their careers.
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- 43. AEG Turbine Factory,1908–1909
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- 45. Rudolf Steiner (27 February 1861 – 30 March 1925) was an Austrian phelosopher,social reformer ,architect and esoterist. One of the most fascinating and important of the architects who are usually named as expressionists A man who called himself a spiritual scientist He edited the scientific works of the German Romantic poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. In his research on Goethe, he became aware of Goethe’s theory of color and his plant studies leading to the concept of metamorphosis.
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- 47. First Goetheanum Dornach,Switzerland ,1919
- 48. The firstGoetheanum, a monumental double-domed wooden structure, richly carved and painted made of reinforced concrete based on an architectural concept in which each element, form and color bears an inner relation to the whole and the whole flows organically into its single elements in a process of metamorphosis. was destroyed by fire in 1922
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- 52. In 1924Rudolf Steiner presented his model for a second Goetheanum – the present one – made of reinforced concrete it was the first large-scale building to employ this material for sculptural forms High colored windows and the central west window indicate the large Main Auditorium and emphasise the uniqueness of its artistic and architectural qualities. A glance inside – reveal the expressive power of architecture, interior design, color and space. The Goetheanum is like a work of sculpture or a living thing. It is a center for Culture and encounter.
- 54. Done By YazidHamoda Al-Albayt University Facility of engineering Department of Architecture Student No :1300703006