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http://www.theartstory.org/section_movements.htm?period[]=interwar_modern_art&genre[]=archit
ecture_art
https://www.slideshare.net/tclowers/modern-architecture-11352152
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_architecture#The_Birth_of_the_skyscraper
https://www.mapsofworld.com/world-war-i/causes.html
http://sites.middlebury.edu/global60s/keywordsclarifications/dada-dadaism/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressionist_architecture#Expressionist_architects_of_the_1920s
http://www.theartstory.org/movement-expressionism-artworks.htm#pnt_4
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inbetween war architecture
- 1. INBETWEEN WAR ARCHITECTUREAND ART. (1914-1945). Presented by : Anisha 02 Akash Amin Adil 08 Deep H. 09 Dhaval Garishma Isha 10 Jaydeep Jugal B. 12 Jugal s. 13 Monark 17 Maulik Nehal 21 Rutu 28 Zeel 30 History Of Architecture | semester 6 | Venus Institute Of Design and Architecture., SSIU
- 2. Pre – Worldwar scenario of Europe and America.
- 3. Early modernism inEurope:1900-1914 The Glasgow school of art (1896-99) by Rennie Macintosh. Austrian Postal savings bank in Vienna (1904-06) by Otto Wagner. The AEG turbine factory (1909) by peter behrens Stoglet palace, Brussels, (1906–1911) by josef Hoffman. The facus factory in alfeld (1911–13) by walter gropius and adolef meyer The glass pavilion in cologne (1914) by German architect bruno taut. Notable architects. • Charles rennie macintosh • Victor horta. • Antonio gaudi • Otto wagner • Adolf loos • Josef Hoffmann • Gustav klimt • Walter Gropius • Adolf meyer • Richard riemerschmid
- 4. Early modernism inAmerica :1900-1914 The Arthur hertley house in oak park, Illinois, 1902 By FLW The robie house, 1909 by FLW. William h. winslow house, oak park, Illinois (1893-94) By FLW Birth of Skyscrapers Home insurance building (1883) by William le baron. The neo-gothic crown of the Woolworth building (1912) by cass gilbert. Prudential building 1896 by Louis sulliavan The flatiron building 1903, new york Notable architects. • Frank Lloyd wright • Louis Sullivan • Le Corbusier • Ludwig Meis van der rohe • Cass gilbert
- 5. Causes of worldwar I • Militarism: Arm race creating a competition and fear for neighboring nations. • Alliances: Formation Of Triple Entente(1907) And Triple Alliances(1882). • Imperialism: Colonizing And Trading. • Nationalism: competitions and development. • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria- Hungary
- 6. • World WarI (1914 - 1918). • The Triple Alliance – this was an alliance formed in 1882 between o Germany, o Austria-Hungary o Italy • The Triple Entente – this was an alliance formed in 1907 between o Britain, o Russia o France
- 7. Notable International StyleArchitects Walter Gropius Germany J.J.P Oud Le Corbusier France Richard Neutra United States Ludwig Mies van der Rohe United States Philip Johnson United States • developed mainly in Germany , Holland & France, during the 1920s. • America in the 1930s, where it became the dominant tendency in American architecture during The middle decades of the 20th century. International Style (1918-1950s)
- 8. Characteristics • Rectilinear forms; •Light, taut plane; • Open interior spaces; • A visually weightless quality engendered by the use of cantilever construction. • Glass and steel, in combination with usually less visible reinforced concrete, are the characteristic materials of construction. Origin and development • The need to build large numbers of commercial and civic buildings that served a rapidly industrializing society; • The successful development of new construction techniques involving the use of steel, reinforced concrete, and glass; and • A strong desire to create a "modern" style of architecture for "modern man".
- 9. Villa Savoye The VillaSavoye is the last of le Corbusier’s houses that was designed during the 1920’s. Considered as the summation of his “Five Points of a New Architecture.” The pilotis, or thin point-support columns, are arrang- ed in a near perfect grid. Built entirely out of the industrial material of steel , concrete and glass and exhibits several links with modern means.
- 10. The Bauhaus School, 1919-32,walter gropius The Fagus Factory, 1911- 13, by walter gropius The Lovell House, Richard neutra, 1927-29.
- 11. EXPRESSIONISM 1910-1960 Artistic stylein which the artist seeks to depict not objective reality but rather the subjective emotions and responses that objects and events arouse within a person. distortion, exaggeration and fantasy and through the vivid, jarring, violent, or dynamic application of formal elements. ORIGIN AND GEOGRAPHY • Expressionism emerged in various cities across Germany (1910-1928) • movement lasted from approximately 1905 to 1960 and spread throughout Europe. CAUSES • New technologies and massive urbanization • artists reflected the psychological impact of these developments by moving away from a realistic representation of how the world affected them. Notable PEOPLE Architects • Hermann Finsterlin • Antoni Gaudí • Walter Gropius – early period • Hugo Häring • Fritz Höger • Bernhard Hoetger • Michel de Klerk • Piet Kramer • Carl Krayl • Rudolf Steiner • Bruno Taut artists • Edvard Munch • Wassily Kandinsky • Oskar Kokoschka • Franz Marc • Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
- 12. FEATURES AND CHARACTERISTICS •POETIC,EXPRESSIVE AND OPTIMSTIC • DISTORTION OF FORM • BOLD COLOURS The Scream (1893) Artist: Edvard Munch Large Blue Horses (1911) Artist: Franz Marc Houses at Night (1912) Artist: Karl Schmidt-Rottluff Portrait of a Man (1919) Artist: Erich Heckel
- 13. The Einstein Tower -Erich Mendelsohn (1920–24) Second Goetheanum -Rudolf Steiner (1924–1928) Horseshoe-shaped public housing project -Bruno Taut (1925) Het Schip apartment building -Michel De Klerk (1917–1920) •Uses creative potential of artician craftmanship. •Distortion of form for an emotional effect. •Conception of architecture as a work of art
- 14. Chilehaus Hamburg by FritzHöger, 1923 National Museum of the American Indian by Douglas Cardinal Catholic parish church "Heilig-Kreuz" at Gelsenkirchen by Josef Franke 1927–1929 Glass Pavilion at the Cologne Deutscher Werkbund Exhibition, 1914 by Bruno Taut
- 15. BRICK EXPRESSIONISM 1910-30 -ITIS A PART OF EXPRESSONIST ARCHITECTURE. -COUNTER MOVEMENT AGAINST BAUHAUS AND WERKBUND. -ORIGINATED PRIMARILY IN GERMANY AND NETHERLANDS. -USE OF BRICKS AS MAIN VISIBLE BUILDING MATERIAL. -DEVELOPED A DISTINCTIVE FORM OF ORNAMENTATION WITH ROUGH,ANGULAR AND POINTY ELEMENTS. -notable people: • Fritz Höger (Northern Germany and Hamburg • JOSEF FRANKE (RUHR) • MICHAEL DE KLERK (AMSTERDAM) Amsterdam school (1910 -1930)
- 16. -MAIN FEATURE ARETHE LIVELY FACADES. -ACHIEVED ONLY THROUGH USING BRICKS. MATERIALS- -CLINCKER BRICKS -BRICKS -TILES VARIETY OF COLOURS PATTERNS AND COLOURS SCULPTURE AND ORNAMENTATION USE OF BRICKS ONLY ANGULAR PLACEMENT FEATURES:
- 17. HAN-SACH HAUS REEMTSMA FACTORYSPRINKENHOF WALDORFER GYMNASIUM JARRESTADT SCHOOL NORTHERN GERMANY: ST. ATONIUS BOGESTRA HQ. OBERHAUSEN CENTRAL STATION RUHR:
- 18. BERLIN: NETHERLAND: HET SCHIP SCHOOLDI BIJENKORF SCHEEPVAARTHUS
- 19. De stijl (TheStyle) – 1917-1931 - In dutch “de stijl” means “the style” also known as neoplastism. - An art and design movement founded in Holland by painters and architects in 1917. - The movement strives to express universal concept through :- Elimination Reduction Abstraction Simplification Asymmetrical balance of rectangles Planes The primary use of colour
- 20. Notable people:- • Theovan Doesburg • Piet Mondriaan • J.J.P. Oud • Gerrit Rietveld • Vilmos Huszár • Jan Wils Artist houseBroadway boogie woogieGray tree Still life Dancers Sortrait Stained glass window
- 21. Architectural characteristics :- •Houses for individual are the most important. • Rectangular shapes define the geometric. • Repetition of windows, doors and block of color. • Window sizes vary on an individual building from large to small. • Flat roof • Asymmetry • Geometric form • White or gray walls with details highlighted by primary color. • Furniture and decorative arts are conceived as one with the architectural and interior design.
- 22.
- 23. BAUHAUS HOUSE THE BAUHAUSAND THE GERMAN WERKBUND(1919-1932) FEATURES AND CHARCATERISTICS: oGLASS oCONCERTE oHORIZONTAL LINES oFURNITURE oCHAIR DESIGN oPAINTING oDANCE oWEAVING SIMPLICIT, FUNCTIONALISM, ANONYMOUS AND ITS EMPHASIS ON THE HARDCRAFT ETHIC. oTHE NAME BAUHAUS STEM FROM THE GERMAN WORDS FOR “TO BULID”AND “HOUSE” oTIME LINE oWEIMAR FROM 1919-1925 oDESSAU FROM 1925-1932 oBERLIN FROM 1932-1933
- 24. Bauhaus building inweimar, 1919- 27 Bauhaus, Dessau, 1919-32,
- 25. Dadaism (1916) • Dadaismor Dada is a post-World War I cultural movement in: o visual art o literature (mainly poetry), o theatre o graphic design. • an artistic and literary movement that began in Zürich, Switzerland. The focus of artists was on making works that often • upended bourgeois sensibilities and that generated difficult questions about society, the role of the artist, and the purpose of art. Fountain, 1917 by Marcel Duchamp. Hannah Hoch, the Kitchen Knife through the Beer Belly of the Weimar Republic, 1919 LHOOQ. 1919 by Marcel Duchamp. Notable people • Marcel DuChamp, • Hannah Hoch, • Max, Ernst, • Hans Richter. • Hugo Ball • Emmy Hennings • Hans Arp. Cities. The Spirit of Our Time', 1920 , RAOUL HAUSMANN The Scream, 1910 by Edvard Munch Zürich, Berlin, Cologne, New York, Paris, Netherlands, Georgia, Italy, Japan, Russia.
- 26. CONSTRUCTIVIST ARCHITECTURE (1919–1931) Afterthe Russian Revolution of 1917, Russian avant-garde artists and architects began searching for a new Soviet style which could replace traditional neoclassicism. Constructivist architecture was a form of Modern architecture that flourished in the Soviet Union in the 1920s and early 1930s It explores the opposition between different forms as well as the contrast between different surfaces, predominately between solid walls and windows, which often gave the structures their characteristic sense of scale and presence Valadmir taltin’s tower, launched the Russian costructivist architecture
- 27. CHARACTERISTIC: the application of3D cubism to abstract and non- objective elements. Elements of Constructivist art/architecture are: • minimal • geometric • spatial • architectonic • experimental merged elements of the modern age such as radio antennae, tension cables, concrete frames and steel girders. The possibilities of modern materials were explored, such as • steel frames that supported large areas of glazing, • exposed rather than concealed building joints, balconies and sun decks. Rusakov Workers' Club, by Konstantin Melnikov
- 28. KONSTANTIN MELNICOV • Oneof the first prominent constructivist architects to emerge in Moscow was Konstantin Melnikov (1928) • during the industrialization lots of constructivist buildings were erected in provincial cities. MOSCOW and LENINGRAD
- 29. American modernism (1919– 1939) Frank Lloyd Wright His philosophy : He believed in designing structures that were in harmony with humanity and its environment , a philosophy he called organic architecture Born : US 1867 Falling water, Pittsburgh, USA 1935 Ennis house , los angelas, 1924
- 30. Rudolph schindler Lovell beachhouse in Newport beach (1926) Richard neutral Lovell house, los angeles, California (1927,29)
- 31. Art deco (1919-1939) Art deco, france Art Deco was a direct response aesthetically and philosophically to the Art Nouveau style and to the broader cultural phenomenon of modernism. • The French government launched the art moment in an exhibition held in paris. machine-age streamlining and sleek geometry. The grand rex movie theatre, paris, 1932 by Augusta bluysen. LA samaribaine, paris, 1925 - 28 by henry sauvage. Notable people: • henry sauvage • Augusta bluysen. Nebraska State Capitol Building of 1919 by Bertrand Goodhue’s
- 32. CHARACTERISTIC AND MATERILAS • Simple,(likeMachine- made Objects) • Planarity, • Symmetry • Unvaried Repetition Of Elements • Clean Shapes, • Ornament That Is Geometric American art deco. General electric building 1933 by cross and cross. American readiator building, NY, 1924, by Raymond hood. Chrysler building, NY, 1928-30, by William vanalen. Notable people. • William vanalen. • Raymond hood • Erich Mendelsohn. • Joseph urban.
- 33. Streamline Modern Style(1933-1939) • Streamline modern or art modern o late type of the art deco architecture emerged in the 1930s. • Streamline modern was o reaction to art deco o a reflection of austere economic times, i.e sharp angles were replaced with simple aerodynamic curves. • cement and glass. • Streamline style can be contrasted with functionalism . Notable people. Raymond Loewy, Walter Dorwin Teague, Gilbert Rohde, Norman Bel Geddes. Daily Express Building, Manchester UK, 1939 The San Francisco Maritime Museum, originally was a public bath house (1936)
- 34. Characteristics of StreamlineModerne • Horizontal emphasis and orientation • Asymmetrical facades • White is predominant color • Rounded edges • Corner windows • Stringcourse along coping of wall • Flat roofs • Curved canopies • Smooth wall finish • More utilitarian and functional metals like aluminum, chrome, and stainless steel used for door and window trim, railings, and balusters • References to the sea/the ocean: curves, horizontal vectors and lines, and light blue finishes like aquamarine, azure, baby blue, cyan, teal, and turquoise Long Beach Main Post Office (1933–34) By Louis a simon The Normandie Hotel, in San Juan, by Puerto Rico The Pan Pacific Auditorium, Los Angeles, by Wurdeman & Becket, 1935.
- 36. The New YorkWorld’s Fair - 1939 • Second most expansive American world’s fair of all time. • The NWYF was the first exposition to be based on the future, with opening slogan of “Dawn of a New Day” and theme of “ The World of Tomorrow. It was a futuristic city inspired by o the huge geometrical shapes, o sweeping curves, o plenty of glass and chromium and o gleaming white walls. • The fair showed the transition of the building from streamlined modern style of art deco to new-rising international style, from which it was highly influenced.
- 37. • The symbolof the NYWF: The Trylon and Perisphere. • Designed by Wallace Harrison • The inside of the Perisphere has its own model city of the future. • The perisphere has the diameter of 180 feet. • The trylon is 610 feet tall • The helicline is 950 feet long spiral ramp that partially encircle the perisphere.
- 38. The Pavilion ofSweden by Swen Markelius General Motors Pavilion by Norman Bel Geddes
- 39. The Carrier AirConditioning Building Pavilion of the ford motor company
- 40. NAZI ARCHITECTURE(1933-1945) RISE OFNATIONALISM-1930 RELECTED: FACIST ARCHITECTURE OF ITaLY NAZI ARCHITECTURE OF GERMANY PROMOTED BY THE THIRD REICH CHARACTERIZED:- (1) STRIPPED-DOWN NEOCLASSICAL (2) VERNACULAR STYLE: INSPIRATION FROM TRADITIONAL RURAL ARCHITECTURE (3) UTILITARIAN STYLE: MAJOR INFRASTUCTURE PROJECTS INDUSTRIAL OR MILATERY COMPLEX EXPRESS POWER AND GRANDER ALBERT SPEER WELTHAUPTSTADT GERMANIA:GERMANY CAPITAL BERLIN
- 41. 1937 PARIS INTERNATIONALEXPOSITION END OF THE ART DECO PRE WAR STYLES:- • MID/HIGH RISE APARTMENT BUILDINGS • SPACIOUSNESS,DETAILING,HARDWOOD FLOORING • APARTMENT HIGHRISE BUILDING PRE WAR GERMEN ARCHITECTURE :- • NEWYORK SURROUNDING CENTRAL CEMETERY IN SZCZECIN
- 42. PAVILION PAVILIONS OFNAZI GERMANY •DESIGNED BY ALBERT SPEER. • GERMAN NEOCLASSICAL STYLE •TOPPED BY EGLE AND SWASTIKA •FACED THE PAVILION OF SOVIET UNION •TOPPED BY ENORMOUS STATUES OF A WORKER AND PEASANT CARRING A HAMMER AND SICKLE
- 43. ITALIAN PAVILION BY MARCELLOPIACENTINI REBUILT THE UNIVERSITY OF ROME. PLANNED A GRAND RECONSTRUCTION OF ROME ON THE FASCIST MODEL PAVILION OF THE SECOND SPANISH REPUBLIC BY JOSEP LLUIS SERT GLASS AND STEEL BOX MOST MORDENIST WORK OF THE EXPOSITION.
- 44. World war II •Rise of Germany as a military force and a powerful nation against the allied powers.
- 45.