Drawing &
Painting
Apple Project
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Shape & Form
Shading & Value
Lighting & Material
Perspective
Stroke & Style

A. Theinert – Becker College - 2013
Shape
What is the difference between these two images?

One is Circle and One is a Sphere. They are the same Shape.
The one on the right resembles an object in 3D space. Why?
Answer - Light & Value.
Form
Value – How Light or Dark?

Transitional Values turn a Shape into a Form, based on lighting.

+

=

Lighting – Where are the Highlights & Shadows?

The light source determines the location of the shadows, highlights
and cast shadow.
Light Source
Shadow
Cast Shadow
Darkest area, the
shadow cast by
the object.

Specular Highlight
Lightest point on object,
where light hits strongest
Shading

(Brush Fill Demo)

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Create a space with a gradient overlay.
Use the Elliptical Marquee to create a circle.
Use the Fill Tool (paint bucket) to fill the circle w/white.
Use the Brush Tool to turn the circle into a sphere
• (Select Inverse, to paint in the cast shadow)

Material is identified by how the
light source reacts to the object(s).
How reflective is the surface?

• Use the same technique (new
layers!) and draw 3 spheres
made of 3 different materials.

(no color! Use shading to show the
material)
Perspective

http://funpages.funmunch.com/misc/0265/

Perspective – The organization of objects in a
space relative to each other & relative to
given constants such as a horizon line and/or
a vanishing point.
The goal of accurate perspective is to imply the
correct impression of size, proportion, and position.

• Foreground = Larger, more
Saturation, & more Detail
• Further Away = Smaller, less
Saturation, less Detail.
Far

Close
(Perspective demo)

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Perspective

Use guides to make a cross in center of canvas
Create a guidelines layer (holding shift to make straight diagonal lines)
Use the shape tool to make squares.
Use the Direct Selection tool to move the corners.
Create 3 cubes, one in each perspective view.
Shape & Form
Drawing Cubes and Spheres is one thing but what about
complex forms and scenes?
Break them down into their simplest shapes:
Reference Points
When drawing from life, or photos, use parts of the image or scene as
references points for the rest of it.

Example of thought process:

“The left mountain starts ~1 inch from the sky which is about the same
distance between the bottom of the mountain and the furthest dock post.
The closest dock post is roughly twice that distance from the mountains
edge. And roughly 4 times that distance from the bottom left corner”
Style
Different Strokes for Different folks.
Everyone has their own unique style, if you haven’t
discovered yours yet then experiment by using reference
material and trying out new brushes or new techniques.
The brush strokes that make up each of these apples are vastly different, yet
they all convey the shape & form of the fruit as well as the correct values
based on the lighting & material.
Practice
Practice 3 different stroke techniques by
drawing 3 simple spheres.

For example: 1 Crosshatch, 1 Blotchy, & 1 Cell Shaded

Tip: Put the Cast Shadow on a separate layer under the sphere layer

Draw the Spheres, Don’t use the Selection or Shape Tools!!
Homework
Draw an apple! These apples:
(file on Canvas for download)

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•
•
•
•

Remember to use visual markers in the image as reference points.
Break is down into simple shapes first, then start sketching
Pay attention to the light source.
Try different styles to find one you are comfortable with
Use a variety of brushes & settings
Process
Sketch

Block in colors

Remember that creating is a
process, its not going to look
like this 30 minutes after you
start. You need to take your
time and build up the details
layer by layer.
Start to define
values by shading

Start adding details

Add finishing touches

Drawing styles appleproject

  • 1.
    Drawing & Painting Apple Project • • • • • Shape& Form Shading & Value Lighting & Material Perspective Stroke & Style A. Theinert – Becker College - 2013
  • 2.
    Shape What is thedifference between these two images? One is Circle and One is a Sphere. They are the same Shape. The one on the right resembles an object in 3D space. Why? Answer - Light & Value.
  • 3.
    Form Value – HowLight or Dark? Transitional Values turn a Shape into a Form, based on lighting. + = Lighting – Where are the Highlights & Shadows? The light source determines the location of the shadows, highlights and cast shadow. Light Source Shadow Cast Shadow Darkest area, the shadow cast by the object. Specular Highlight Lightest point on object, where light hits strongest
  • 4.
    Shading (Brush Fill Demo) • • • • Createa space with a gradient overlay. Use the Elliptical Marquee to create a circle. Use the Fill Tool (paint bucket) to fill the circle w/white. Use the Brush Tool to turn the circle into a sphere • (Select Inverse, to paint in the cast shadow) Material is identified by how the light source reacts to the object(s). How reflective is the surface? • Use the same technique (new layers!) and draw 3 spheres made of 3 different materials. (no color! Use shading to show the material)
  • 5.
    Perspective http://funpages.funmunch.com/misc/0265/ Perspective – Theorganization of objects in a space relative to each other & relative to given constants such as a horizon line and/or a vanishing point. The goal of accurate perspective is to imply the correct impression of size, proportion, and position. • Foreground = Larger, more Saturation, & more Detail • Further Away = Smaller, less Saturation, less Detail. Far Close
  • 6.
    (Perspective demo) • • • • • Perspective Use guidesto make a cross in center of canvas Create a guidelines layer (holding shift to make straight diagonal lines) Use the shape tool to make squares. Use the Direct Selection tool to move the corners. Create 3 cubes, one in each perspective view.
  • 7.
    Shape & Form DrawingCubes and Spheres is one thing but what about complex forms and scenes? Break them down into their simplest shapes:
  • 8.
    Reference Points When drawingfrom life, or photos, use parts of the image or scene as references points for the rest of it. Example of thought process: “The left mountain starts ~1 inch from the sky which is about the same distance between the bottom of the mountain and the furthest dock post. The closest dock post is roughly twice that distance from the mountains edge. And roughly 4 times that distance from the bottom left corner”
  • 9.
    Style Different Strokes forDifferent folks. Everyone has their own unique style, if you haven’t discovered yours yet then experiment by using reference material and trying out new brushes or new techniques. The brush strokes that make up each of these apples are vastly different, yet they all convey the shape & form of the fruit as well as the correct values based on the lighting & material.
  • 10.
    Practice Practice 3 differentstroke techniques by drawing 3 simple spheres. For example: 1 Crosshatch, 1 Blotchy, & 1 Cell Shaded Tip: Put the Cast Shadow on a separate layer under the sphere layer Draw the Spheres, Don’t use the Selection or Shape Tools!!
  • 11.
    Homework Draw an apple!These apples: (file on Canvas for download) • • • • • Remember to use visual markers in the image as reference points. Break is down into simple shapes first, then start sketching Pay attention to the light source. Try different styles to find one you are comfortable with Use a variety of brushes & settings
  • 12.
    Process Sketch Block in colors Rememberthat creating is a process, its not going to look like this 30 minutes after you start. You need to take your time and build up the details layer by layer. Start to define values by shading Start adding details Add finishing touches