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Diff Tissue Culture Tech- Durgashree Diwakar
This document discusses various tissue culture techniques used in plant biotechnology, including organogenesis, embryogenesis, synthetic seed production, somaclonal variation, protoplast fusion, hairy root culture, micropropagation, and gene transfer. Organogenesis involves inducing organ development from cultured plant tissues. Embryogenesis refers to embryo formation, which can occur somatically from undifferentiated callus cells. Synthetic seeds are artificially encapsulated plant materials that can be used for propagation. Somaclonal variation results from phenotypic changes during long-term culture. Protoplast fusion combines genetic material from two distinct plant species. Hairy root culture uses transformed roots induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes for metabolite production. Micropropagation is high
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Diff Tissue Culture Tech- Durgashree Diwakar
- 1. Different Tissue Culture Techniques BY- DURGASHREEM D MEDICINAL PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY DEPT OF PHARMACOGNOSY KLE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, BENGALURU 1
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- 14. Organogenesis The process ofinitiation and development of an organ is called organogenesis. In-plant tissue culture, inducing organogenesis is an important way to regenerate plants from the culture. 14
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- 18. Embryogenesis The process offormation of an embryo is called embryogenesis. Embryogenesis starts from a single embryogenic cell, which can be a zygote (the product of the fusion of an egg and a sperm during fertilization), Embryogenesis from an undifferentiated callus cell is termed Somatic Embryogenesis. 18
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- 25. Synthetic Seed Synthetic seedsare artificially encapsulated plant propagation material. This material could be somatic embryos, shoot buds, cell aggregates, or any other tissue that we can use as a seed for propagation. Synthetic seed technology primarily involves encapsulating somatic embryos in a protective coating5. 25
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- 28. Advantages of SyntheticSeed They can easily be stored for up to a year without loss of viability. They are easy to handle and useful as units of delivery. They can be directly sown in the soil like a natural one. Do no need hardening in the greenhouse. 28
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- 30. Monoclonal Variation Generally calledSomaclonal Variation. Plant regeneration from callus, leaf explant, or plant protoplast leads to the generation of considerable variation- Somaclonal variation. This variation includes Aneuploidy, sterile plants, morphological variants, etc. 30
- 31. Monoclonal Variation This wasignored before, but in the last decade, it has received increased attention, in view of potential improvement programs. This is due to phenotypic variability and even changes in chromosomal number during long-time culture. This is exhibited in callus and in plants generated from the callus1. 31
- 32. Reported Variation ofMV Species Characters modified Allium sativum Bulb size, clove no, aerial bulbil Oryza sativa Plant height, seed fertility, grain no, etc. Lolium hybrids Leaf size, flower, survival, etc. Lactuca sativa Leaf weight, length, width, color, etc. Solanum tuberosum Tuber shape, maturity date, color, etc. 32
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- 34. Application of MV Plantswith Dieasese resistant Abiotic stress resistance Salt tolerance Herbicide resistance Insect resistance, etc. 34
- 35. Protoplast Fusion Somatic fusion,also called protoplast fusion, is a type of genetic modification in plants by which two distinct species of plants are fused together to form a new hybrid plant with the characteristics of both, a somatic hybrid6. 35
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- 40. 40 Protoplast fusion ofAsteraceae family
- 41. Hairy Root Culture Hairyroots are differentiated cultures of transformed roots that are developed by the infection of wounded higher plants with Agrobacterium rhizogenes and are an exceptional source of advantageous metabolites with high medicinal value for drug development7. 41
- 42. Hairy Root Culture Theterm was first coined by Steward in 1900. In 1930, Ricker first named the hairy root-causing organism- Phytomonas rhizogenes. Later it is known as Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The ability of root induction lies in the typical genome structure of A.rhizogenes. 42
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- 44. Hairy Root Culture Hairyroots can produce secret complex active glycoproteins from a large spectrum of organisms. They are also adequate to express plant natural biosynthesis pathways required to produce specialized metabolites. This adaptability has positioned hairy root platforms as major biotechnological tools8. 44
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- 48. Multiple shoot culture 48 Induction of multiple-shoot culture (MSC) formation from hemp (Cannabis sativa L., cv. USO-31) isolated apical meristems using two different induction media: a IMB4-T-AS medium containing BAP9THP and adenine hemisulphate; b IMB4-T-P medium containing BAP9THP and the auxin inhibitor PEO-IAA (seventh experiment). Apical dominance was suppressed under both conditions
- 49. Micropropagation Micropropagation is therapid vegetative propagation of plants under in vitro conditions, of high light intensity, controlled temperature, and a defined nutrient medium. The technique has been applied to a substantial number of commercial vegetatively propagated plant species9. 49
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- 53. Application in Aromatic Plants 1.Black pepper regeneration from leaf and shoot tip. 2. Vanilla from root meristem, axillary bud, shoot tip, etc. 3. Strawberry from apical meristem, tip, leaf disc, etc. 53
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- 60. Gene Transfer inPlants Gene transfer pertains to the transfer of genes between organisms. It may be a horizontal gene transfer or a vertical gene transfer. The transfer of genes is horizontally when a segment of DNA is copied and inserted from one site to another of the same or of a different chromosome. It is also referred to as transposition. The genes, referred to as transposons or jumping genes, are transferred from the donor organism to the recipient organism through gene copying and insertion10. 60
- 61. Gene Transfer inPlants Plant transformation is a way to insert DNA from another organism- normally another plant, into the genome of a plant of interest. 61
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- 67. References 1. Elements ofBiotechnology- P K Guptha 2. Plant tissue culture- M K Razdan 3. Textbook of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology- Dr. Rageeb M D. 4. Plant Tissue Culture ppt by Sanjitha P 5. Application of synthetic seed for propagation. (https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-24631-0_13) 6. Somatic fusion. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_fusion#:~:text=Somatic%20fusion%2C %20also%20called%20protoplast,of%20both%2C%20a%20somatic%20hybrid.) 7. Hairy root culture- An Overview. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/hairy- root-culture) 8. Hairy root cultures. (https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2020.00033/full) 9. Micropropagation- An Overview. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological- sciences/micropropagation) 10. Gene Transfer. (https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/gene-transfer) 11. Induction of multiple-shoot culture (MSC) formation from hemp. (https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Induction-of-multiple-shoot-culture- MSC-formation-from-hemp-Cannabis-sativa-L-cv_fig3_335752495) 12. Plant Biotechnology- Slater, Scott, Fowler. 67
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