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CSS L03 - Mensuration and Calculation in CSS
This document discusses digital representation and binary conversion. It defines a bit as the basic unit of data in computing and explains how ASCII uses binary codes to represent letters, numbers, and characters. It then demonstrates how to convert between decimal and binary numbers through long division and provides an example of converting 25 to its binary equivalent of 11001. Finally, it includes tables defining bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes and terabytes in terms of bits and bytes.
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CSS L03 - Mensuration and Calculation in CSS
- 1. Computer System ServicingNCII Carry Out Mensuration and Calculation Marvin B. Broñoso ICT / CSS Teacher
- 2. Learning Outcome • Understandthe meaning of bit and ASCII. • Calculate and convert Binary to Decimal and Decimal to Binary. • Learn the Bit and Binary conversion. • Demonstrate computation of bits conversion.
- 3. Learning Content • Whatis bit? • ASCII Codes. • Conversion of Decimal to binary • Conversion of Binary to Decimal • Conversion of Byte and Bit
- 4. Digital Representation • Ina computer, information is represented and stored in a digital binary format. • The term bit(s) is an abbreviation of binary digit(s), which represent the smallest piece of data in a computer system.
- 5. BIT • A bitcan have only two possible values, which is a one digit (1) or a zero digit (0). • A bit can be used to represent something that has two states. – Example: • DecisionTrue or False • Switch On and Off • Boolean 1 and 0
- 6. ASCII • Computer usesbinary code to represent and interpret letters, numbers and special character with bits. • A commonly used code is the ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange).
- 7. ASCII • With ASCII,each character is represented by a string of bits. – Example: • Capital Letter A = 0100 0001 • Number: 9 = 0000 1001 • Special Character: # = 0010 0011
- 9. ADDITIONAL NOTE: • Eachgroup of eight bits (8 bits), such as the representation of letters and numbers, is known as byte. 8 bits = 1 byte • Codes can be used to represent almost any type of information digitally: Computer data, graphics, photos, voice, video and music.
- 10. ADDITIONAL NOTE: • Eachgroup of eight bits (8 bits), such as the representation of letters and numbers, is known as byte. 8 bits = 1 byte • Codes can be used to represent almost any type of information digitally: Computer data, graphics, photos, voice, video and music.
- 11. CONVERSION OF DECIMALTO BINARY To convert a decimal number to binary, all you have to do is divide the number by 2. • Get the quotient and the remainder. • Bring down the quotient, divide it by two, and get the quotient and remainder again. • Do it repeatedly until the quotient results become 0. • Copy the remainder from bottom to top, and that is the binary equivalent.
- 12. EXAMPLE Convert 25 tobinary 25 = 11001 QUOTIENT REMAINDER 25 / 2 12 1 12/2 6 0 6/2 3 0 3/2 1 1 1/2 1 1
- 13. HOW TO CHECK Checkingif 25 = 11001 1 1 0 0 1 multiplier 16 8 4 2 1 equivalents 16 + 8 + 0 + 0 + 1 results 16 + 8 + 1 = 25
- 15. Bytes Conversion Table Datastorage and when describing memory size, a Kilobyte is 2^10, or 1024 bytes. Bytes are always some multiple or exponent of two. 1 byte (B) = 8 bits (b) 1 Kilobyte (K / KB) = 2^10 bytes = 1,024 bytes 1 Megabyte (M / MB) = 2^20 bytes = 1,048,576 bytes 1 Gigabyte (G / GB) = 2^30 bytes = 1,073,741,824 bytes 1 Terabyte (T / TB) = 2^40 bytes = 1,099,511,627,776 bytes
- 16. Bytes Conversion Table Althoughdata storage capacity, such as on hard drives, is generally expressed in binary Megabytes (2^20), most Hard disk manufacturers, and some newer BIOS, use decimal megabytes (10^6), which is slightly different and it gets confusing... 1 byte (B) = 8 bits (b) 1 Kilobyte (K / KB) = 10^3 bytes = 1,000 bytes 1 Megabyte (M / MB) = 10^6 bytes = 1,000,000 bytes 1 Gigabyte (G / GB) = 10^9 bytes = 1,000,000,000 bytes 1 Terabyte (T / TB) = 10^12 bytes = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes
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