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![• A LAN is a group of computers located in a relatively small
geographical area (like a building or group of buildings).
– Typically owned by a single organization
• A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that
interconnects computers within a limited area such as a home,
school, computer laboratory, or office building, using network
media.[1] The defining characteristics of LANs, in contrast to wide
area networks (WANs), include their smaller geographic area,
and non-inclusion of leased telecommunication lines.
• A group of computers connected within a confined geographic
area.
• Commonly used for intra office communication.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ppt-150525130727-lva1-app6891/75/C-S-archtecture-including-basic-networking-33-2048.jpg)
![• A wide area network (WAN) is a network that covers a
broad area (i.e., any telecommunications network that
links across metropolitan, regional, national or
international boundaries) using leased
telecommunication lines. Business and government
entities utilize WANs to relay data among employees,
clients, buyers, and suppliers from various geographical
locations. In essence, this mode of telecommunication
allows a business to effectively carry out its daily function
regardless of location. The Internet can be considered a
WAN as well, and is used by businesses, governments,
organizations, and individuals for almost any purpose
imaginable.[1]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ppt-150525130727-lva1-app6891/75/C-S-archtecture-including-basic-networking-37-2048.jpg)
![• A metropolitan area network (MAN)
is a computer network in which two or
more computers or communicating
devices or networks which are
geographically separated but in same
metropolitan city and are connected to
each other are said to be connected on
MAN. Metropolitan limits are
determined by local municipal
corporations; the larger city, bigger
then MAN, the smaller a metro city,
smaller the MAN. [1]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ppt-150525130727-lva1-app6891/75/C-S-archtecture-including-basic-networking-40-2048.jpg)
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Similar to C/S archtecture including basic networking
C/S archtecture including basic networking
- 1.
- 2. • 3 primarylogical architectures 1. Host-based • Traditional mainframe / central computer model 2. Client-based / Peer-to-Peer • Historically most home-based and many small office networks 3. Client-server • Microsoft model – or what we commonly see today • Fairly powerful clients interacting with some number of servers • Model used on campus WE WILL ONLY FOCUS ON CLIENT/ SERVER ARCHITECTURE.
- 4. A network architecture inwhich each computer or process on the network is either a client or a server.
- 5. A simple definition Asimple definition of CS is “ server software accepts requests for data from client software and returns the results to the client.”
- 6. • Clients • Servers •Communication Networks Server Server Client
- 7. • CS modeldistinguishes between client / server devices and applications. • Clients request specific services. • Servers respond to individual client requests for services. – Functionality implemented in software • Depending on services the server provides, physical server computers can be different than other servers and client computers (i.e. more processing power, more memory, etc.)
- 9. • Structured architecturewith specific roles for specific devices using specific applications. – File server, printer server. • A “managed” network . – Unlike P2P will have a network admin. • CS is the most commonly observed architecture. – Most applications are designed to be used on CS architecture.
- 10. • Balance processingbetween clients and server(s) by dividing functions. – Client – presentation and application logic. – Server – Data access logic, data storage, application logic.
- 11. • Applications thatrun on computers. • Rely on servers for – Files. – Devices. Clients are Applications – Processing power. • Example: E-mail client – An application that enables you to send and receive e-mail.
- 12. • Computers orprocesses that manage network resources – Disk drives (file servers) Servers Manage – Printers (print servers) Resources – Network traffic (network servers) • Example: Database Server – A computer system that processes database queries.
- 13. • Data Server •Communication Server • Internet Server
- 14. • Data-oriented; usedonly for data storage and management. • Since a data server can serve more than one compute server, compute-intensive applications can be spread among multiple severs. • Does not prefer any application logic processing. • Performs processes such as data validation, required as part of the data management function. • Requires fast processor, large amount of memory and substantial Hard disk capacity.. Data Server Computer Server
- 15. Provides gateway toother LANs, networks & Computers. E-mail Server & internet server. Modest system requirements . multiple slots. fast processor to translate networking protocols.
- 16. Internet Server PC client UNIXworkstations Local Area Network
- 17.
- 19. o Client-server isa computing architecture which separates a client from a server. o It is almost always implemented over a computer network. o The most basic type of client-server architecture employs only two types of nodes: clients and servers. This type of architecture is sometimes referred to as two-tier. It allows devices to share files and resources. o Server provides the service. o Client is considered as the customer requesting the service. o The server service can be shared among a number of clients. o Clients must request or initiate the service. o The location of the server in the network is transparent to clients.
- 20. • File servers –File sharing and file processing. • Data base servers – Passing file results – Example: Query in DBMS server – Typically one single request/reply • Transaction servers – Transaction server includes DBMS and transaction monitoring. – Server has remote procedures run online by the client. • web servers – Super-fat servers and thin clients. – Uses HTTP protocol. – Java was first to introduce interactive C/S forms. Client Client Server Server InternetClient JAVA Client HTML Application
- 21. • Where topush the application to • Fat clients – The bulk of the application is running on the client . – The client knows how the data is organized and where it is . – Different clients access the same applications different ways . • Fat servers – The server more complicated. – The clients are less complex . – More of the code runs on the server . – The network interaction is minimized. ServerClient Application
- 22. It is the(/) between client and server which glues them together. – Allowing the client request for a service and the server providing it. • Middleware can also be between server/server. • Two broad classes – General • LAN servers, TCP/IP, Communication stacks, Queuing services, etc. – Application specific • Used to accomplish a specific task • Groupware specific: SMTP • Internet specific: HTTP • Database specific: SQL.
- 23. • Purpose – Todivide the application between the client and server – Different functionalities of client and server • Basic client server model – Fits various applications • Small office • Small business • Enterprise • Global Client Server Server Client Server Middle ware Single Machine Client Server Middle ware Client Middle ware C/S Middle ware C/S C/S C/S
- 24. Web Browser GUI DSM OS Service-Specific; DSM NOS(security, peer-to-peer, directory, distributed files); Transport stack (TCP/IP) Web server Groupware DMBS Etc. Client Middleware Server
- 25. PC Server AsymmetricMulti- processing Superserver symmetric Multi- processing Superserver Multiservers
- 26. • Superserver – Avery powerful server. – Single-server or multiserver. – Each server can have a single processor or multiprocessor. – Multiprocessing can be Asymmetric or Symmetric. • Multiprocessing • Asymmetric: each processor is dedicated to a specific task • Fully symmetric (SMP): applications are divided into threads and threads are sent to available processors – Examples: 32-bit NT, Unix, NetWare – Requires 3 basic functionalities: » Global scheduling » I/O sharing structure » OS access sharing
- 27. • Multi servers –Pool of servers, providing more processing power (also called a cluster). – They divide the task between different servers. • Server lite – As opposed to full blown servers. – Provides a background process on the client machine that can accept unsolicited networks request (refreshing database, synchronizing time, etc.)
- 28. • Network services(in general) are the specific functions/tasks/jobs provided by the network – File sharing – Printing – Communication – Mail – Internet – Management.
- 29. • File andprint services – Allow sharing of data files and printers • Communications services – Such as mail services • Coordination and storage of email • Internet services – WWW, FTP, some security • Access services – Allow remote users to connect to network • Login (authorization / authentication) • Network Management Services – Traffic monitoring, load balancing, diagnostics
- 30. • Networking inLinux follows the client/server model – Server provides the resource (web server). – Client talks to the server (browser, e-mail program). • Server has a corresponding program that communicates with the client (runs in the background) – In Windows the server program called service . – In Linux the server program called daemon.
- 31.
- 32. • 1) LocalArea Network (LAN) • 2) Wide Area Network (WAN) • 3) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
- 33. • A LANis a group of computers located in a relatively small geographical area (like a building or group of buildings). – Typically owned by a single organization • A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, or office building, using network media.[1] The defining characteristics of LANs, in contrast to wide area networks (WANs), include their smaller geographic area, and non-inclusion of leased telecommunication lines. • A group of computers connected within a confined geographic area. • Commonly used for intra office communication.
- 34. • Various configurations,called topologies, have been used to administer LANs. – Ring topology A configuration that connects all nodes in a closed loop on which messages travel in one direction. – Star topology A configuration that centers around one node to which all others are connected and through which all messages are sent. – Bus topology All nodes are connected to a single communication line that carries messages in both directions.
- 36.
- 37. • A widearea network (WAN) is a network that covers a broad area (i.e., any telecommunications network that links across metropolitan, regional, national or international boundaries) using leased telecommunication lines. Business and government entities utilize WANs to relay data among employees, clients, buyers, and suppliers from various geographical locations. In essence, this mode of telecommunication allows a business to effectively carry out its daily function regardless of location. The Internet can be considered a WAN as well, and is used by businesses, governments, organizations, and individuals for almost any purpose imaginable.[1]
- 38. Leased lines froma larger provider form part of the WAN
- 39. LAN • High speed(≥1000 mbps) • Tend to primarily use Ethernet and Wi Fi, but also use Token Passing. • Generally consist of layer 2 devices like switches, bridges. To a lesser extent layer1 devices like hubs & repeaters. • Typically owned, controlled, and managed by a single organization. • Cost is Low as compared to WAN. WAN • Low speed (≤ 155 mbps) • WANs tend to use technology like MPLS and ATM, and to a lesser extent (Frame Relay & X.25) for connectivity over the longer distances. • Layer 3 (+) devices such as routers, multi-layer switches and technology specific devices like ATM or Frame- relay Switches etc. • WANs are typically not owned by any one organization but exist under collective or distributed ownership and management over long distances. • Cost is high as compared to LAN.
- 40. • A metropolitanarea network (MAN) is a computer network in which two or more computers or communicating devices or networks which are geographically separated but in same metropolitan city and are connected to each other are said to be connected on MAN. Metropolitan limits are determined by local municipal corporations; the larger city, bigger then MAN, the smaller a metro city, smaller the MAN. [1]
- 44. A presentation by:- Abhinavsingh Class:- 9th ‘B’ Roll no:- 01