Introduction to Network best concept about Net

BASIC CONCEPTS OF
NETWORK
Prepared by Mis Iram

INDEX
 Definition & applications of computer network
 Components of computer network
 Network benefits
 Disadvantages of computer network
 Classification by their geographical area
 Network classification by their component
role
 Types of servers

DEFINTION & APPLICATIONS
 DEFINTION:
A computer network is defined as the interconnection of
two or more computers. It is done to enable the
computers to communicate and share available resources.
 APPLICATIONS:
i. Sharing of resources such as printers
ii. Sharing of expensive software's and database
iii. Communication from one computer to another computer
iv. Exchange of data and information among users via
network
v. Sharing of information over geographically wide areas.

COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER
NETWORK
 Two or more computers
 Cables as links between the computers
 A network interfacing card(NIC) on each
computer
 Switches
 Software called operating system(OS)

NETWORK BENEFITS
 The network provided to the users can be
divided into two categories:
i. Sharing
ii. Connectivity

SHARING RESOURCES
 Types of resources are:
1. Hardware: A network allows users to share
many hardware devices such as printers ,
modems, fax machines, CD ROM, players, etc.
2. Software: sharing software resources reduces
the cost of software installation, saves space on
hard disk.

OTHER BENEFITS OF COMPUTER NETWORK
o Increased speed
o Reduced cost
o Improved security
o Centralized software managements
o Electronic mail
o Flexible access

DISDAVATAGES OF NETWORKS
o High cost of installation
o Requires time for administration
o Failure of server
o Cable faults

CLASSIFICATION OF AREA BY THEIR
GEOGRAPHY
NETWOR
K
PAN LAN WAN MAN CAN

LOCAL AREA NETWORK(LAN)
 LAN is a network which is designed to operate over
a small physical area such as an office, factory or a
group of buildings.
 LAN’s are easy to design and troubleshoot
 Exchange of information and sharing of resources
becomes easy because of LAN.
 In LAN all machines are connected to a single cable.
 Different types of topologies such as star, tree, bus,
ring, etc Can be used
 It is usually a privately owned network.

WIDE AREA NETWORK(WAN)
 When network spans over a large distance or when the
computers to be connected to each other are at widely
separated locations a local area network cannot be
used. A wide area network(WAN) is installed.
 The communication between different users of WAN is
established using leased telephone lines, satellite links
and similar channels.
 It is cheaper and more efficient to use the phone
network for the link.
 Most WAN networks are used to transfer large blocks of
data between its users.

PERSONAL AREA NETWORK(PAN)
 A personal area network is a computer network
organized around an individual person.
 It generally consists of a mobile computer, a cell
phone or personal digital assistant. PAN enables
the communication among these devices.
 It can also be used for communication among
personal devices themselves for connecting to a
digital level network and internet.
 The PANs can be constructed using wireless or
cables.

CAMPUS AREA NETWORK(CAN)
 The campus area network is made up of an
interconnection of LAN with limited
geographical area.
 Network equipments such as switches, routers
and the transmission media i.e. optical fibre
etc are almost entirely owned by the campus
owner.

METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK(MAN)
 It is in between LAN & WAN technology that
covers the entire city.
 It uses similar technology as LAN.
 It can be a single network such as cable TV
network, or a measure of connecting a
number of LAN’s o a large network so that
resources can be shared LAN to LAN as well as
device to device.

PARAMETERS LAN WAN MAN
Ownership of
network
Private Private or public Private or public
Geographical
area covered
Small Very large Moderate
Design and
maintenance
Easy Not easy Not easy
Communication
medium
Coaxial cable
PSTN or satellite
links
Coaxial cables,
PSTN, optical
fibre, cables,
wireless
Bandwidth Low High moderate
Data
rates(speed)
High Low moderate
DISTINGUISH BETWEEN LAN,WAN,MAN

NETWORK CLASSIFICATION BY THEIR
COMPONENT ROLE
LOCAL AREA NETWORK
PEER TO PEER NETWORK CLIENT SERVER NETWORK

PEER TO PEER NETWORK
 In peer to peer network each computer is responsible for making its
own resources available to other computers on the network.
 Each computer is responsible for setting up and maintaining its
own security for these resources.
 Also each computer is responsible for accessing the required
network resources from peer to peer relationships.
 Peer to peer network is useful for a small network containing less
than 10 computers on a single LAN .
 In peer to peer network each computer can function as both client
and server.
 Peer to peer networks do not have a central control system. There
are no servers in peer networks.
 Peer networks are amplified into home group.

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF PEER TO
PEER NETWORK
Advantages:
 Use less expensive
computer hardware
 Easy to administer
 No NOS required
 More built in redundancy
 Easy setup & low cost
Disadvantages:
 Not very secure
 No central point of
storage or file archiving
 Additional load on
computer because of
resource sharing
 Hard to maintain
version control

CLIENT/SERVER NETWORK
 In client-server network relationships, certain computers act as
server and other act as clients. A server is simply a computer, that
available the network resources and provides service to other
computers when they request it. A client is the computer running
a program that requests the service from a server.
 Local area network(LAN) is based on client server network
relationship.
 A client-server network is one n which all available network
resources such as files, directories, applications and shared
devices, are centrally managed and hosted and then are accessed
by client.
 Client serve network are defined by the presence of servers on a
network that provide security and administration of the network.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
CLIENT-SERVER NETWORK
Advantages:
 Very secure
 Better performance
 Centralized backup
 very reliable
Disadvantages:
 requires professional
administration
 More hardware-
intensive
 More software
intensive
 Expensive dedicated
software

TYPES OF SERVERS
SERVERS
File server Print server
Application
server
Message
sever
Database
server

TYPES OF SERVERS
 File server: These servers provide the services for storing, retrieving
and moving the data. A user can read, write, exchange and manage
the files with the help of file servers.
 Printer server: The printer server is used for controlling and managing
printing on the network. It also offers the fax service to the network
users.
 Application server: The expensive software and additional computing
power can be shared by the computers in a network with he help of
application servers.
 Message server: It is used to co-ordinate the interaction between users,
documents and applications. The data can be used in the for of audio,
video, binary, text or graphics.
 Database server: It is a type of application server. It allows the uses to
access the centralised strong database.

Introduction to Network best concept about Net

More Related Content

Similar to Introduction to Network best concept about Net

More from AssadLeo1

Recently uploaded

Introduction to Network best concept about Net