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Color Models Computer Graphics
- 2. A color modelis a specification of a 3D color co-ordinate system and a visible subset in the co-ordinate System within all colors in a particular color range lie. There are main four types of color models:- (1) RGB (2) CMY (3) CMYK (4) YIQ This four models are hardware oriented color models.
- 3. But these modelsare not easy to use because they does not relate directly to intuitive color notations of hue,saturation and brightness. Therefore another class of color model has been developed. These includes :- HSV HLS HVC The human eye can perceive about 382000(!) different colors. The distance between two color in the color cube is not a measure.
- 4. White light consistsof a spectrum of all visible colors. All kinds of light can be described by the energy of each wavelength.
- 5. Most light wesee is not just a single wavelength, but a combination of many wavelengths like below. This profile is often referred to as a spectrum, or spectral power distribution.
- 6. Frequency: • Red: 3.8x1014hertz • Violet: 7.9x1014 hertz Wavelength: • Red: 700 nm • Violet: 400 nm
- 7. When we combine Red(two-thirds), Green(two-third), Blue(one-third) thenwe can get WHITE color. But we can absorbs CMY color from this RGB color then we can get BLACK color
- 8. When we combine CYAN, MAGENTA, YELLOW thenwe can get BLACK color. But we can absorbs RGB color from this CMY color then we can get WHITE color.
- 9. Color mixing createdby an artist. Shades, tints and tones in scene can be produced by mixing color pigments (hues) with white and black pigments. Shades: • Add black pigment to pure color • The more black pigment, the darker the shade Tints: • Add white pigment to the original color • Making it lighter as more white is added Tones: • Produced by adding both black and white pigments
- 10. The RGB colormodel used in color CRT monitors. In this model, Red,Green and Blue are added together to get the resultant color WHITE.
- 11. Each color pointwithin the bounds of the cube is represented as the triple (R,G,B).where value for R,G,B are assigned in the range from 0 to 1. Here RGB color place together at 120 degree. RED + GREEN + BLUE = WHITE(contribute) All other colors are generated from these three primary colors.
- 12. The CMY colormodel used in color printing devices. In this model, Cyan,Magenta and Yellow are added together to get the resultant color BLACK.
- 13. Each color pointwithin the bounds of the cube is represented as the triple (C,M,Y).where value for C,M,Y are also assigned in the range from 0 to 1. Here CMY color also place together at 120 degree. CYAN+ MAGENTA + YELLO = BLACK(contribute) All other colors are generated from these three primary colors.
- 14. If the intensitiesare represented as 0≤r,g,b≤1 and 0≤c,m,y≤1 then the relation between RGB and CMY can be described as: c m y 1 1 1 r g b
- 15. For printing &art industry the CMY model is not enough. So,Fourth primary color K is added to CMY model. K stands for BLACK color.
- 16. The YIQ colormodel is a recoding of RGB color model. YIQ color model is used for television broadcasting. The Y-channel contains luminance information(sufficient for Black & White television sets) And I-channel & Q-channel contains color information. For recoding RGB to YIQ , HSV & HLS color models are used. Inphase = RED – YELLOW Quadrature = BLUE – YELLOW
- 17. HSV and HLSare the two most common cylindrical- coordinate representations of points in an RGB color model. HSV is described by a hexacone derived from the RGB cube.
- 18. Hue means coloris mapped into 0-360’.The wavelength of Hue is 128. Saturation is defined into 0-1.In this the amount of WHITE color is 130. Value is defined into 0-1.In this the amount of BLACK color is 23
- 19. CMY CMYK YIQHSV HLSRGB