AYURVEDA[1].pptx details with the proper

INTRODUCTION TO
AYURVEDA
DR PRAJAKTA SHINDE
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
S-VYASA DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY, BANGALORE

Definition of Veda
The word 'Veda' means knowledge.
The word is derived from the word Vid, that means
'to know'.

VEDA (Knowledge) UPAVEDA (Applied or Secondary
Knowledge)
Rigveda • Dhanurveda (Archery)
Yajurveda • Sthapatyaveda (Architecture)
Samaveda • Gandharvaveda (Music and
scared dance)
Atharvaveda • Ayurveda(Medicine)

Ayurveda
According to Ayurveda, ayu i.e. life is a union of physical
body, sense organs, mind and soul.
It advocates the measures for propagation of health and
making the life of individuals beneficial to the society.
It also describes the factors which may lead to
pathogenesis in physical body as well as mind.

Chronology of ayurveda
बह्या स्मृत्वायुषो वेदं पुजापतिमजिग्रहत्।
सोऽश्चिनौ तौ सहस्राक्ष सोऽत्रिपुत्रादिकान् मुनीन् ॥३॥
तेऽग्निवेशादिकांस्ते तु पृथक् तन्त्राणि तेनिरे ।

Types of Ayu
हिताहिलं सुखं दुःखमायुस्तस्य हिताहितम |
मार्न च तच्च यत्रोक्तमायुर्वेदः स उच्यते।|
•Hita ayu - Good life / lifespan
•Ahita ayu- Bad life / lifespan
•Sukha ayu - Happy life
•Dukha ayu - Sad life

Branches of Ayurveda
काय बाल ग्रहोर्ध्वाङ्ग शल्यदंष्ट्रा जरा वृषान् ॥५|| अष्टाव‌
ङ्गानि तस्याहुश्चिकित्सा येषु संश्रिता|
•काय चिकित्सा → General medicine
•बाल चिकित्सा →Pediatrics
•ग्रह चिकित्सा → Psychiatry
•उर्ध्वाङ्ग चिकित्सा → ENT & ophthalmology
•शल्य चिकित्सा → Surgery
•दंष्ट्रा चिकित्सा → Toxicology
•जरा चिकित्सा → Geriatrics
•वृष चिकित्सा → Aphrodisiac therapy

Fundamentals of Ayurveda
•Dosha (Metaphysiological entity) - 3
•Dhatu (Tissue) - 7
•Mala (Excretory product) - 3
•Agni (Metabolic fire) - 1

Introduction
Ayurveda based on the 3 Principal : Vata, Pitta, Kapha.
This Tri-Dosha are basic functional unit of body.
7 Dhatu and 3 Mala are, structural unit of body.

Introduction
•Vata :- Vata is the subtle energy of movement.
•Pitta :- associated with metabolism, skin colour , vision, etc.
•Kapha :- associated with structure of bone, muscle tendon, maintains of
immunity.

Vata
Vata is subtle energy of movement.
Vata Qualities - dry, light, cold, rough, micro, movement
Vata Function- initiator, motive force, controller, divider, sensor, movement
Vata Dosha is most important in the all Dosha because only Vata have his own
movement Pitta and Kapha are depend on the Vata for movement.as like cloud and
wind.
Location- below the umbilicus, Pakvashaya is main i.e. large intestine.
Types of Vata – Prana (belong to respiration), Udana (speech, mind control), Vyana
(cardiac function), Apana(bowel movement), Samana (help in digestion)

Pitta
Pitta belongs to digestion and metabolism.
Pitta Qualities- sharp, hot, light, fleshy smell, purgative/laxative , liquid, yellow,
Katu Rasa(hot/spicy test)
Pitta Function- Production of heat, energy, digestion, metabolism,
Pitta involve in the metabolism, vision, intellectual, braveness of person and various
functions related to mental ability and digestive function of body.
Location- Nabhi i.e. Umbilics, Amashaya I.e. stomach and in eye
Types – Pachaka ( digestion ) Ranjaka (at liver and spleen preparation of blood)
Sadhaka(in heart, mind, emotional and mental health) Alochaka (eye vison ) Brajaka (
skin Tone)

Kapha
Kapha is the energy that form body structure of bone, muscle, tendon and provide
glue that hold body cell together.
Qualities- oily(unctuous), cold, heavy, slow, smooth and slippery, sticky stable
and constant.
Function- strength, resistance, protection, immunity, growth, forgiveness,
Kapha is more important factor in growth immune system and mental stability.
Location- ura sthan i.e. upper part of body
Types of Kapha – Kledaka (helps in digestion) Avalambak (in heart provide
nutrition to all body part) Bodhak (tongue, test of food) Tarpak (In head, nourishes
all sensory organ) Shleshak (in all joint, synovial fluid reduce friction)

Concept of health and disease
Equilibrium of Tridosha in individual is health.
Disequilibrium of Tridosha in individual is illness
No two individual are same.
Some are tall some are Dwarf some are thin some are fat some can tolerate heat
some are not. Every individual is different in the universe.

Definition of health according to
ayurveda
A person in which dosha (metaphysiological entities), agni (metabolic
fire), dhatus (tissues), malas (excretory products) and their activities
are in balanced state and whose soul (atma), sense organs (indriya)
and mind (manas) are in sound state.

Tissue (Dhatu)
•Tissue (Dhatu) means that which bears or supports.
•Ayurveda identifies seven vital tissues that provide nourishment, growth,
and structure to the entire body.
•Ayurveda opines that Proper diet and digestion ensure excellent tissue
renewal. Once food is fully digested, the building of tissues commences

Tissue (Dhatu) Function Reduced Increased
Body fluid (Rasa) Nourishment to all
cells
Skin becomes dry, and
hard, person is dull,
lean, tired
Loss of appetite, Excessive salivation, Nausea,
Laziness, Feeling of heaviness, coldness, cough
and excess of sleep is felt.
Blood (Rakta) It takes care of our
complexion,
nourishes muscles
(mansa), Made up
of fire element.
A person feels cold,
the skin loses its luster
becoming pale or
dusty gray, and
coldness causes the
body to hold on to
heat by becoming
constipated and by
reducing urination
and sweat.
The qualities of fire(Pitta) increase. A person
feels warmer. As heat builds up in the body, the
body tries to release the heat. The body tries to
release the excess heat along with the malas of
the body. The frequency of bowel movements
increases and the stools may become loose.
Muscles (Mansa) Strengthens the
body, builds good
muscle tissue in
neck shoulder and
thigh area.
It causes debility of
sense organs,
emaciation of cheeks,
buttocks, pain in
joints.
Produces enlargement of lymph glands, tumors,
increase in size of cheeks, thighs, abdomen etc. -

Adipose Tissue
(Meda)
Well lubricates
system, with oily
and soft hair, skin
and efficient eyes.
It leads to spleen
enlargement, difficult
joint movements,
emaciation at abdomen,
desire to consume fatty
food.
Person gets tired, fat increases at abdomen,
thighs, neck etc, and foul smell in sweat,
shortness of breath etc.
Bone Tissue
(Asthi)
Supports the body.
Gives good
structure and
stability with hard
working capacity to
the body
There is pricking pain in
bones, falling of teeth,
nail and hairs Bones
become porous, get
easily fractured.
Increase in asthi dhatu lead to excessive
growth of bones. Bones and teeth are
developed over one another (extra bone, extra
teeth)
Bone marrow
and nervous
tissue (Majja)
Imparts sharp,
clear mind with
good intellect and
memory. Strong
joints
Bones get weak, joint
pain, vertigo, giddiness
occur
Heaviness in eyes, and whole body occurs.

Shukra Reproduction Infertility Reproductive system problems

Dhatusarata
•Moreover, a patient should be examined in respect of sara i.e. (best
qualities of body tissues).
•There are eight types of sara in human beings which are described
here for the knowledge of degree of strength such as –tvak, rakta,
mamsa, meda, asthi, majja, shukra and sattva.
•Refrence – charak Samhita viman sthana chapter 8

Tvak sara
•In persons who are tvaksara (having constitutional essence of skin),
the skin is unctuous (snigdha), smooth (shlakshna), soft (mridu),
clean and adorable (prasanna) with fine (sukshma), thin (alpa), deep
rooted (gambhira) and delicate (sukumara) hairs and is lustrous
(prabha).
•This essence indicates happiness, good fortune, power, enjoyment,
intelligence, knowledge, health, cheerfulness and longevity.

Rakta dhatu sara
•In persons with essence of rakta dhatu have their ear, eye, face,
tongue, nose, lips, palms, soles, nails, forehead and genitals to be
unctuous, red, beautiful and shining.
•This essence indicates happiness, sharp intellect, magnanimity,
tenderness, moderate strength, lack for endurance and intolerance
to heat.

Mansa dhatu sara
•The persons having essence of mamsa dhatu have their temples
(shankha), forehead (lalata), nape (krikatika), eyes (akshi), cheek
(ganda), jaws (hanu), neck (griva), shoulder (skandha), abdomen
(udara), axillae (kaksha), chest (vaksha), hands (pani), feet (pada)and
joints (sandhi) well developed with firm, heavy and good looking
muscles.
•This essence indicates forbearance, restraint, and lack of greed,
wealth, knowledge, happiness, simplicity, health, strength and
longevity

Meda dhatu sara
•The person endowed with essence of meda dhatu have significant
unctuousness specifically in complexion, voice, eyes, hair, skin hairs,
nails, teeth, lips, urine and feces.
•This indicates wealth, power, happiness, enjoyment, charity,
simplicity and delicacy in dealings.

Asthi dhatu sara
•Person with asthi dhatu sara has prominent heels (parshni), ankles
(gulpha), knee joint (janu), elbows (aratni), collarbones (jatru), chin
(chibuka), head (shira), flanks (parshva) and joints and also bones
and teeth.
•Such persons are excess enthusiastic, very active, enduring, having
strong and firm body as well as longevity.

Majja dhatu sara
•The persons with soft body parts, strong, unctuous
complexion and sweet voice, prominent (sthula), long
(dirgha) and rounded joints should be known as
majja dhatu sara(or the essence ofmajja).
•They are long-lived, strong and endowed with
learning ability, wealth, understanding, progeny and
respectful image

Shukra dhatu sara
•The shukra dhatu sara (having essence in form of reproductive
tissues) individuals are gentle and charming (saumya), charming and
gentle look (saumyaprekshina), have beautiful eyes as if filled with
milk (kshirapurnalochana), immensely exhilarated (praharshabahula),
teeth are unctuous, rounded, firm, even and compact; having
pleasant and unctuous complexion and voice, brilliant, having
prominent buttocks.
•They are liked by women for enjoyment, are strong and endowed
with happiness, leisure, health, wealth, honor and progeny.

Satva Sara
•The sattva sara persons are endowed with memory (smriti),
devotion (bhakti), are grateful (kritajna), knowledgeable
(prajna), cleanliness (shuchi), enthusiastic (mahotsaha), skillful
(daksha), courageous (dhira), fighting in battle with valor, free
from anxiety (tyaktavishada), having well-organized activities
and highly intellectual abilities engaged in virtuous act.
•Their characters are explained by their qualities mentioned
above

Sarva sara
•The persons having all essences are very strong and happy,
enduring, confident in all actions, inclined to benevolent acts,
having firm and balanced body with balanced movements;
resonant, melodious, deep and high voice; endowed with
happiness supremacy, wealth, enjoyment and honor; with slow
ageing and pathogenic process, mostly having similar and
numerous offspring and which are long-lived

Mala (Excretory products)
•Sweda (Sweat)
•Mutra (Urine)
•Purish (Stool)

Agni
•The word ‘Agni’ means fire in Sanskrit.
•In Ayurveda, it refers to the digestive or metabolic fire in our body.
•This digestive fire is responsible for regulating body temperature, supporting the
digestive process, absorbing and assimilating nutrients in the stomach, and
converting food into energy. Hence, we can say that the characteristic of Agni
determines your specific digestive capacity.

Ama
•Ama is a Sanskrit word that translates literally to mean things
like “unripe,” “uncooked,” “raw,” “immature,” or
“undigested.”
•Ama means toxin or undigested metabolic waste.
• If overlooked, the presence of Ama can lead to several
underlying health issues.

Ama
•If Ama starts spreading in the body, it may destroy everything in its
pathway. This sticky, heavy substance (Ama) can coat cellular
membranes and tissues inside the body. Eventually, it might cause
disruptions that affect the immune system. Ama can also weaken the
connection between the body and mind. That is the reason the gut is
often called the ‘second brain of the body.’ The body might shut
when something affects gut health.

Dincharya
•The word Dinacharya is derived from two words; ‘dina’
meaning day and ‘acharya’ meaning activity.
•Dinacharya, according to Ayurveda , is a daily routine that
promotes self-care through different daily activities.
•The ideal Dincharya is set to harmonize this dosha balance
in relation to this universal clock.

Waking up (Brahma
muhurta uttishte)
Excretion(Ma
lotsarg)
Brsuhing
(Dant
Dhawan)
Nasal drops
(Nasya)
Gargling
(Gandoosh)
Massage
(Abhyanga)
Exercise
(Vyayam)
Udvartan
(Dry
massage)
Taking
shower
(Snan)
Prayers
Good
conduct
throughout
day
(Sadvritta)
Sleep

Waking up (Brahma muhurta uttishte)
•The first step of setting a daily routine is fixing a proper time to
wake up in the morning.
•It helps to maintain the natural circadian rhythm.
•The recommended time to wake up is about 45 minutes to 1
hour before sunrise, known as "brahma muhurta".
• It is the best time to start the daily activities and has many
positive benefits on physical and mental health

Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR).
•Every day your body relies on the
hormone cortisol to jumpstart your
morning and power you through your
day.
•Cortisol’s release into the brain is what
helps you wake up. You should get a
sharp rise in cortisol about 30 minutes
after waking.
•This rise is called the Cortisol
Awakening Response (CAR).

•The cortisol floodgates open when light hits your eyes in the morning.
This initial spike in cortisol gives you the energy to function
throughout the day.
•After cortisol peaks, it slowly declines throughout the day, helping you
wind down. Cortisol levels should be lowest at night to allow you to
sleep well.
• As cortisol levels fall, melatonin levels will begin to rise.
•Melatonin is a hormone that promotes sleep. It naturally produces as
the sun goes down and increases as it gets darker.

Gut hygiene(shaucha vidhi)
•On waking up, the first activity should be micturition and defecation
because this process cleans the metabolic wastes (mala)
accumulated in body during night.
•The urge to defecate in the morning is indicator of good digestive
health and gut motility.

Oral hygiene
Various measures have been recommended for promoting oral
hygiene, which includes,
◦ a)brushing teeth(danta pavana)
◦ b)cleaning tongue (jihwa nirlekhana)
◦ c)mouth and face wash (mukha prakshalana)
◦ d)oil pulling in the mouth (gandusha/kavala)
◦ e)chewing of betel leaf (tambula) and mouth fresheners

Brushing teeth(danta pavana)
These herbal sticks should be either astringent (kashaya), acrid (katu), bitter
(tikta) or sweet (madhura) in taste. [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 24/6]
With reference to the individual's constitution and dominant dosha, the suitable
herbal stick is selected based on its dominant taste (rasa)

Tooth powder
For cleansing the teeth, a combination of Saussurea lappa(kushta),
Terminalia chebula(haritaki), Emblica officinalis (amalaki), Terminalia
bellerica(bibhitaki), Zingiber officinale(shunthi), Piper nigrum
Linn(maricha),Piper longum Linn(pippali),Cinnamomum
zeylanicum(twak),Elettaria cardammum(ela) and Cinnamomum
tamala(patra) in powder form mixed with honey is recommended.

Mouth wash and gargling
There are mainly two techniques for filling of liquids in oral cavity.
a)Holding liquid in mouth (Gandusha): Maximum quantity of liquid
is held in mouth, so that movement of liquid is not possible and it is
retained for a few minutes.
b)Gargling (Kavala graha): A suitable amount of liquid is retained in
mouth for gargling.

Oil Pulling
•Oil pulling using sesame oil is recommended as a daily routine.
•It imparts strength to the jaws, clarity to the voice, excellent
gustatory sensation and gives protection from dryness of throat, lips,
dental caries etc.
•It has a good role in preventing and curing both local and systemic
illnesses.[Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 5/7-79]

Eye wash (netra prakshalana)
Washing eyes with decoction of Symplocos racemosa
(lodhra), or Emblica officinalis (amalaki) or with cold
water helps in maintaining the constant clear vision.
[Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 24/15]

Application of collyrium (anjana)
•The vision perception is predominantly controlled by teja mahabhuta
constituent. Hence the eyes are always susceptible to disorders of kapha
dosha.
•Daily application of collyrium is recommended for promoting clear vision.
Application of solid extract of Berberis aristata (rasanjana) is advised in
an interval of 5- 8 days during night time for lacrimation and cleansing
purpose.
•Strong collyrium should not be applied to the eyes during daytime. The
collyrium meant for cleansing purpose shall be done only at night.
[Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 5/15-17]

Relation of feet and eyes :
•Oil application to soles and feet (padabhyanga), washing
(padaprakshalana) and covering the foot with suitable footwear
(padatradharana) are recommended in eye care. [Su.Sa.Chikitsa
Sthana 24/69-71]
•As per the foot reflexology, eye points are located on the undersides
of second and third toes. The pressure effect on these points during
oil massage can promote the health of eye and relieve the signs and
symptoms of eye disorder

Smoke inhalation (dhoomapana)
•Inhalation of medicated smoke is advised to pacify the aggravation
of vata and kapha.
•Eight specific times of administration of medicated smoke are
prescribed for daily use.
•It shall be done after taking bath, after scraping the tongue, after
sneezing, after brushing the teeth, after nasal instillation of
medicine, after the use of collyrium and after waking from sleep.
[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 5/34-35]

Smoke inhalation (dhoomapana)
•This procedure is helpful in preventing and treating diseases
of the head, nose and eye. [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana5/46-49]
• Nowadays, this procedure is used only after therapeutic
emesis (vamana). It is rarely practiced as a part of daily
routine.

Oil application and massaging (abhyanga)
•Daily application of oil on body and massaging is recommended for
promoting the skin health. It energizes the body, promotes youthful
appearance, and good physique.
• It is good for nourishment of body and improves quality of sleep. [A.
Hr. Sutra Sthana 2/8]
•In a study conducted in infants, the daily massaging with sesame oil
showed significant results in growth parameters, blood flow and
sleep pattern in comparison with other herbal and mineral oils.

Gentle massage (samvahana)
•The gentle and soft massage which is comfortable for the body is
termed as "samvahana".[Su. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 24/83]
•It is indicated in vata dominant conditions, in individual with thin
physique and low endurance.

Exercise (vyayama)
•Well co-ordinated and balanced movements are included in
execrcise (vyayama).
•Regular exercise renders body light and efficient in activities,
improves digestive power and wanes obesity.
•Healthy individuals, who are habituated to fat rich diet should
routinely practice exercise especially during winter and spring
seasons. In other seasons, it can be performed moderately.
[A.Hr.Sutra Sthana 2/11-13]

Powder Massage (Udvartana)
•Massaging and rubbing the body using a herbal powder is termed as powder
massage (udvartana). It is generally done in a direction opposite to that of
body hair.
•It is indicated in kapha dominant conditions and obese individuals. It helps
to reduce fat, provides firmness to body parts and cleanses the skin. [A. Hr.
Sutra Sthana 2/16]
•Udvartana effectively mobilizes the stored fat by liquefying it, making it
easily available for disposal from the system.
• The therapeutic efficacy of this procedure has been proven in conditions like
obesity , dyslipidaemia

Bath (snana)
•Daily bath is advised for preservation of overall health. It
not only removes toxins from skin, but also relaxes and
rejuvenates mind.
•It is the foremost measure to reduce fatigue. [Cha.Sa.Sutra
Sthana 25/40]

Good conduct
•Good conduct throughout the day

Ritucharya
•Rutucharya (Ritucharya, Rutucharya) - Seasonal Regimen
•The word Rutucharya is made up of two terms i.e. Rutu = Season,
Charya = Regimen
•The changes in diet and practices in response to the change in
climatic (seasonal) conditions like cold, hot, rain etc is called
Ritucharya.

Ritucharya
According to Ayurveda, the year is divided into six seasons depending on the changes occurring
in the climate.
They are as below listed:
Shishira Ritu- Late Winter season
Vasanta Ritu - Spring season
Greeshma (Grisma) Ritu - Summer season
Varsha Ritu - Rainy season
Sharat Ritu - Autumn season
Hemanta Ritu - Winter season

Benefits of Ritucharya
•Ritucharya helps in preventing dosha vitiation and disease
manifestation.
•Following Ritucharya religiously will help in avoiding many diseases.
•This will also help us to keep our doshas under control not allowing
their untoward vitiation.
•Thus, the knowledge of Ritucharya has a preventive dimension.

Benefits of Ritucharya
•Precise knowledge of the food and activities which need to be
followed during a particular season and those which needs to be
avoided will help to reduce disease
•Ayurveda has said that the doshas during their favorable climates
will have a natural regression

Ritu Sandhi
RUTU SANDHI - the seasonal junction
Ritu - season
Sandhi-junction, meeting place

Ritu Sandhi
It's the junction period of two ritus or a small period of meeting
of two ritus or seasons.
The final few days of the previous season and the beginning of
the few days of upcoming season together constitute ritusandhi.
It is the period in which body adopts itself to stressors of the
incoming season.
The regimen prescribed for this period is calculated to help in a
smooth change over.

THANK YOU
DR PRAJAKTA SHINDE
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
S-VYASA DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY, BANGALORE

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