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Recent clinical data indicate that infection with the common β-herpesvirus cytomegalovirus (CMV) confers beneficial effects on the T cell compartment that are associated with superior outcomes following immunotherapy in patients with melanoma. These findings warrant further studies of novel therapeutic strategies and biomarkers that might better predict clinical response to and toxicities of immunotherapy, based on systemic immune status.
The SERENA-6 trial assessed a paradigm-shifting approach to personalized cancer therapy in patients with advanced-stage breast cancer, in which therapy was switched upon the identification of resistance-related mutations in ESR1 in circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA). Herein, we discuss how the results of this trial challenge the standard-of-care management for these patients, in whom therapy changes are otherwise undertaken only after radiographic and/or clinical progression.
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors have dramatically improved the outcomes in patients with advanced-stage driver-negative non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), although most patients will ultimately have disease progression on these agents and the most effective treatment approach in this scenario remains uncertain. In this Review, the authors describe the outcomes in patients receiving second-line therapy for advanced-stage NSCLC and provide an overview of emerging therapies and future areas of research in this challenging clinical setting.
The Radiomics Quality Score (RQS) was developed to assess the rigour of studies using radiomics, a tool for medical imaging analysis. The RQS has been widely used in the field and now needs an update (RQS 2.0) to address contemporary needs. The authors of this Review introduce RQS 2.0, which integrates radiomics readiness levels to provide a structured framework towards clinical implementation.
Patients with acute myeloid leukaemia are often unable to tolerate intensive chemotherapy, and the outcomes of these patients have improved considerably following the availability of regimens containing the BH3 mimetic venetoclax. Nonetheless, not all of these patients will respond to venetoclax, and virtually all will ultimately develop resistance, indicating a need for novel treatment strategies targeting this pathway. In this Review, the authors describe the development of BCL-2 inhibitors, discuss mechanisms of resistance and summarize ongoing research efforts aimed at optimizing the therapeutic benefit of these agents.
Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) is a therapeutic modality that combines the strengths of radiotherapy and systemic molecularly targeted therapy. Over the past few years, new TRT agents have been developed against an expanding array of molecular targets, particularly in cancers with limited treatment options. The authors of this Review discuss these advances, focusing on what constitutes an optimal target and discussing lessons learned from past experience in order to broaden the scope of TRT.
