Volume 646 Issue 8086, 23 October 2025

Tighter price regulation would deliver fewer new drugs but improve global health.

Emissions from the process could balloon unless efforts are made to mitigate them.

Remote-sensing data reveal hunting corrals that were used well into the eighteenth century.

Recordings of chewing sounds combined with altitude data bear evidence of a gruesome night-time feast.

Stars in young galaxies must have been responsible for stripping most intergalactic gas of its electrons.

A consensus is emerging that the dots, sometimes called rubies, are an entirely new type of object in the Universe.

The United States and Europe have cut billions of dollars in health aid. Can anyone fill the gap?

Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt share economics prize for work that underlines the importance of investing in research and development.

A blood test has achieved 96% accuracy in diagnosing the condition in a small study of individuals. What does the test detect, and is it a biomarker of the condition?

The most common destination for eventual Nobel laureates in physics, chemistry and medicine since 2000 is the United States, Nature has found.

Event will assess how reviews by models compare with those written by humans.

Millions of students arriving at campuses are now using artificial intelligence. Worries abound.

Journals are considering doing identity checks to expose fake authors — but there are downsides.

Despite huge breakthroughs, astronomers still can’t agree on what the cosmos is made of, much less how it came to be. A fresh account delves into the reasons.

Through fieldwork and innovative research, he transformed how scientists and the public perceive the prehistoric world.

Biomedical research techniques that don’t involve the use of animals are gaining momentum, but those using innovative approaches still face resistance from some quarters.

Animal models provide insights that alternative approaches can’t. A heated debate about which method is better is distracting researchers from doing good science.

Brazil, Australia and Italy have the highest satisfaction scores in Nature’s global 2025 PhD survey — but are these nations really the best places to do a doctorate?

Matthew Kim learnt how to conduct research while studying in a small Canadian town for a semester.

Analyses of RNA expression reveal molecules underpinning the cancer-associated process of skeletal-muscle wasting, a condition called cachexia.

A stable ‘frequency comb’ of photons with discrete colours has been generated on a microscale chip by removing copper contaminants from the circuit.

Immune cells can target cancer in the clinic. The ability to test a gene-editing technology in mice on a large scale should improve such immunotherapies.

Quantum-entanglement experiments have been proposed as a way to test whether gravity is quantum, but getting definitive proof might be harder than previously thought.

Tick-borne encephalitis virus can infect the nervous system and cause life-threatening illness. Finding the cellular gateway it uses could transform prevention and treatment.

By applying the full framework of quantum field theory, it is shown that local classical theories of gravity can transmit quantum information and, thus, generate entanglement through physical, local processes.

The joint analysis of datasets from NOvA and T2K, the two currently operating long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments, provides new constraints related to neutrino masses and fundamental symmetries.

Experimental measurements of high-order out-of-time-order correlators on a superconducting quantum processor show that these correlators remain highly sensitive to the quantum many-body dynamics in quantum computers at long timescales.

Decoded quantum interferometry is a quantum algorithm that uses the quantum Fourier transform to reduce optimization problems to decoding problems.

A metallic p-wave magnet with commensurate spin helix and anisotropic electronic properties is experimentally realized and shows a giant anomalous Hall effect when distorted by a tiny spontaneous magnetization.

Copper-impurity-free Si₃N₄ photonic integrated circuits reduce thermal absorption and enable robust, deterministic soliton generation.

Cryogenic X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, combined with immediate plunge freezing, can be used to probe the pristine solid electrolyte interphase in lithium metal batteries.

Spatiotemporal hierarchical modelling of geological sea-level proxies and tide gauge data suggest that the modern global mean sea-level rise rate since 1900 has exceeded any century over at least the past four millennia, breaking the long-term stability observed in southeastern China.

Using an advanced imaging system called EyeRIS, locomotion in deep-sea octopuses could be studied, revealing simplified crawling patterns that could inspire the design of robots.

Tree shrews show a primate-like hierarchical organization in their visual pathway and object decoding accuracy, along with strongly face-selective cells, demonstrating how core computational principles of visual form processing found in primates are conserved yet compressed.

Human exploration is driven by two distinct neural mechanisms, a valence-independent rate signal and a valence-dependent global noise signal.

Neural tissue is a key signalling centre for fundic–antral patterning in development of gastric organoids featuring asymmetric PDX1 patterning.

Brain-restricted allogeneic transplantation of myeloid progenitors enables microglia replacement without the need for genetic engineering or systemic cytotoxic preconditioning.

A mode of bidirectional microglia–neuron crosstalk through Hex–GM2–MGL2 and centred around GM2 ganglioside turnover is essential for homeostatic regulation of central nervous system membrane components.

Genomic and biochemical analyses of prokaryotic sulfur metabolism identify diverse microorganisms with the capacity to oxidize sulfide using iron(iii).

Spatial transcriptomic studies and lineage tracing reveal that, after brain injury, transient profibrotic fibroblasts develop from existing brain fibroblasts, infiltrate lesions, regulate the local immune response and lead to beneficial scar tissue formation.

LRP8, an apolipoprotein E and reelin receptor with high expression in the brain, is a receptor for tick-borne encephalitis virus.

In vivo loss-of-function CRISPR screens were performed to identify genes influencing CAR T cell persistence and function in human multiple myeloma, highlighting CDKN1B as a promising target.

CELLFIE, a CRISPR platform for optimizing cell-based immunotherapies, identifies gene knockouts that enhance CAR T cell efficacy using in vitro and in vivo screens.

Unbiased clustering analysis of the skeletal muscle RNAome in patients with cancer identifies two molecular subtypes, one of which distinguishes individuals with cachexia and indicates potential target pathways for future research.

Using SCN2A haploinsufficiency as a proof-of-concept, upregulation of the existing functional gene copy through CRISPR activation was able to rescue neurological-associated phenotypes in Scn2a haploinsufficient mice and human neurons.

DNA2 suppresses recombination-restarted replication and checkpoint activation at stalled forks, and its loss triggers recombination-dependent synthesis, checkpoint signalling and cell-cycle exit, highlighting its essential role in proliferation and growth failure in primordial dwarfism.

A new method enables comprehensive screening and identification of low-affinity DNA binding sites for transcription factors, and reveals that nucleotides flanking high-affinity binding sites create overlapping low-affinity binding sites that modulate transcription factor binding in vivo.