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Value scales
1) The document discusses four different techniques for creating value scales using a pencil on paper: shading, scribbling, hatching, and cross hatching. 2) Value scales have six values ranging from white paper to black, created by varying the pressure and number of passes with a pencil. 3) Techniques like scribbling, hatching with parallel lines, and cross hatching use lines closer together and less white space to create darker values.
Value scales
- 1.
- 2. When you saythe word value we're talking about how dark or how light something is
- 3. If you takea look at the sketch, you see that every object has both light and dark values
- 4. We are goingto learn four different ways to create what we call a value scale.
- 5. The value scalesthat we make this week are going to have six different values in each scale, ranging from paper white to a variety of grey all the way to black.
- 6. All you needis a sheet of paper with rectangles marked off into blocks and you need a pencil
- 7. We're just goingto work with white paper being the lightest value a so the first value is going to be the easiest to make you don't have to do anything
- 8. The second valueis going to be the lightest grey you can possibly make to do. We hold our pencil sideways so the edge of the lid is resting on the paper and we don't push down at all, we just want to let gravity do the work. We want to shade as lightly as we possibly can
- 9. In order tomake number three just a little bit darker, we're going to go over it again still not applying any pressure still just using a sideways pencil and letting gravity do the work
- 10. We make asecond pass over this box to make it just a little bit darker without having to apply any pressure
- 11. having to applyany pressure for the fourth box what we want to do is apply just enough pressure to get the third value so now we are starting to apply just a little bit of pressure but still not pressing down really hard
- 12. In order tomake it darker we are going to apply the same pressure that I just did and make a second pass
- 13. For the fifthvalue this is where we are going to start to apply a little pressure and I might move my hand a little closer to the tip so that I can apply more pressure but I'm not going to apply much pressure
- 14. Now we aregoing to add a second pass over this still applying the same amount of pressure, this is a moderate amount of pressure not pressing down hard
- 15. Now the black.The black is not going to be a pure black because pencil is actually grey but what we want to do here is make the darkest value that you can make with the pencil
- 16. We are goingto be applying a much greater amount of pressure so we are going to want my finger on the tip pushing down
- 17. There you havea value scale by shading
- 18. For the nextvalue scale we are going to work something called scribbling
- 19. Scribbles are usefulfor adding texture and making quicker, gestural drawings
- 20. We're going tostart with our second value and again we have to hold our pencil way back and just let gravity do the work but instead of going in nice smooth back-and-forth limbs we make a kind of scribble
- 21. Just a littlebit of pressure and scribble for number three and four
- 22. You have tonotice that the areas that are not filled in the white areas have an impact in how full the value is
- 23. So you canmake a value a little darker not by pushing hard but by filling more of the space
- 24. This effect isa lot more noticeable if you're using a pen
- 25. For this nextvalue scale we're going to use a method called hatch
- 26. For the secondvalue we're going to use parallel lines
- 27. The white spacebetween your lines is going to dictate how light your value is
- 28. So if youa big space between them you will have a very light value
- 29. This value isdarker because the lines are closer together
- 30. In the lastone we want those lines to be so close together they almost touch
- 31. For the leftvalue scale we're going to do the same thing but we're going to do it twice in each box
- 32. It's going tobe something called cross hatching, exactly the same idea with lines in two different directions
- 33. Again the morelines you have, the closer together they are, and the smaller the spaces between them are, that makes it look darker because there's less white space
- 34. And again inthe last one we want those lines to be so close together they almost touch
- 35.