UGC NET communication slide [Autosaved].pptx

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Dyuthi centre for Excellence

Why do we communicate?
A. For social interaction
B. for happiness sake.
C. For messages to be understood.
D. For sharing of experience
E. For protection of traditions
Choose the correct answer from the option given below.
1. A,C,E only 2. B.C,D only
3. A, C, D only 4, A, B, E only
Ans: 3

When in a classroom communication, a teacher shows ability of
creativity, correlation and analysis, it belongs to which category
of skills?
 Thinking skills
 Expression skills
 Media utilization skills
 human skills
 Ans: thinking skills

Syllabus - Unit-IV Communication
 Communication: Meaning, types and characteristics of communication.
 Effective communication: Verbal and Non-verbal, Inter-Cultural and group
communications, Classroom communication.
 Barriers to effective communication.
 Mass-Media and Society.

It is …
 Silent phase(sounds)
 Verbal
 Painting
 Individual letter blocking
 printing
 Technology

Communication
The term communication is derived from Latin
word ‘communis’ means common.
 Sharing of ideas in common.

Communication
Communication is the process of exchange of ideas
Communication means sharing of information
Communication is the giving and receiving of
messages
Communication is the transfer of information from
one or more people to one or more people

Definitions
 Communication is the process by which an idea is transferred from a
source to a receiver with the intention of changing his behaviour
 Communication is a dynamic process where an individual influences
others cognition through conscious or unconscious manner- Anderson
 Communication is the process of passing information and
understanding from one person to another- Keith Davis
 Communication is afield of knowledge dealing with the systematic
application of symbols to acquire common information regarding an
object or event. – Kell
 Communication is the process of sending and receiving messages -
Sanborn
 Communication is a process of transmitting ideas or thoughts from one
person to another for the purpose of creating an understanding in the
thinking of the person receiving communication- Brown

what?
 It is a process of exchanging
 Information
 Ideas
 Thoughts
 Feelings
 Emotions
Through
Speech
Signal
Writing
Behaviour

Characteristics of Communication:
 1. Two-way communication: Communication is a two-way
process of understanding between two or more persons; sender
and receiver.
 2. Continuous Process: Exchanges of ideas and opinion amongst
people is an ongoing process in business and non-business world.
Continuous interaction promotes understanding and exchange of
information relevant for decision-making.

 3. Dynamic Process: Communication between sender and receiver
takes different forms and medium depending upon their moods
and behaviour. It is, thus, a dynamic process that keeps changing
in different situations.
 4. Pervasive: Communication is a pervasive activity. It takes place
at all levels (top, middle, lower) in all functional areas (production,
finance, personnel, sales etc.) of a business organisation.
 5. Two People: A minimum of two persons; sender and receiver,
must be present for communication to take place. It may be
between superior, subordinates and peer group.

 6. Exchange: Communication involves exchange of ideas and
opinions. People interact and develop understanding for each
other.
 7. Mutual understanding: Communication is effective when sender
and receiver develop mutual understanding of the subject.
Messages conveyed should be understood by both parties.
 8. Goal Oriented: Communication is goal oriented. Unless the
receiver and sender know the purpose, they intend to achieve
through communication, it has little practical utility

Nature of communication
It is a process of establishing mutual relationship.
It is a process of exchange of ideas between persons
It is a process of discussion
It is a bipolar process (sender and receiver)
It is a psycho-social process
 it is a information giving process
It is a directional process
It is a process of co ordination
It is a dynamic process (change and progress)

Features of communication
 Omnipresent
Present everywhere
 Continuous
It is an ongoing process
 Universal in nature
Everybody communicates
 social process
Socialize with the people in the surrounding

Elements of communication
 Source : The origin of any message is called a source.
(Messenger/communicator )
 Message: The subject matter of communication. This may be
opinion, order. appeal, views, suggestions, etc. it is a stimuli.
 Symbol: A symbol is something that stands for something else.
The words are symbolic in nature in themselves.
 Channel: The medium used to transmit the message.
 Encoding : The process of using symbols to express the idea or
feeling, ciphering a message.

Decoding : It is the process of deciphering the
symbols conveyed by the source.
Receiver: the person who completes the process of
communication.
Feed back: it is the feelings conveyed by the receiver
to the sender after the completion of the process of
communication..
Interference/ noise

Function of communication in a teaching learning
process
 It enhances the friendly relationship between the teacher and the students.
 Tt promotes the efficient co ordination in the class room
 It solves the mutual biases and prejudices during teaching.
 It helps in decentralisation of the rights
 It creates contacts with the external world.
 it enhances mutual co operation
 It helps in quick judgement and its implementation
 It helps in promoting mental readiness of the students
 it cultivates leadership
 It focuses on co ordination
 It build morale.
 it cultivate democratic management.

In the process of communication, which one of
the following is in the chronological order ?
(A) Communicator, Medium, Receiver, Effect, Message
(B) Medium, Communicator, Message, Receiver, Effect
(C) Communicator, Message, Medium, Receiver, Effect
(D) Message, Communicator, Medium, Receiver, Effect
Answer :c

Match List I with List II List I List
Types of communication Function served
A) Mass communication (I) Corridor discussion
(B) Intrapersonal communication (II) Classroom Teaching
(C) Group communication (III) For communicates with oneself
(D) Interpersonal communication (IV) For mechanical message transmission
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
(1) (A)‐(IV), (B)‐(III), (C)‐(II), (D)‐(I) (2) (A)‐(I), (B)‐(II), (C)‐(III), (D)‐(IV)
(2) (3) (A)‐(II), (B)‐(III), (C)‐(IV), (D)‐(I) (4) (A)‐(III), (B)‐(II), (C)‐(I), (D)‐(IV
(1) Answer:- (1)(A)‐(IV), (B)‐(III), (C)‐(II), (D)‐(I)

Functions of communication
In the individual context
 It provides knowledge
 It enforces and adjusts behavioural patterns
 It helps in socialisation
 It creates legends

- In the social context
 It educates people and makes them capable on various fronts
 It persuades the targeted subjects to buy products or services
 It generates enthusiasm in the minds of the targeted subjects to
develop or modify views on particular issues.
 It provides information
 It helps in social revolution and transformation
 It builds an image of individuals or of non business organisations in
the minds of the masses.

- In the organisational context
 It serves as an essential tool for direction
 It assists in decision making
 It keeps the employees enlightened
 It informs the employees informed about their obligations
 It builds good employer- employee relations
 It facilitates the basic management process
 it promotes leadership effectiveness.
 It evaluates performances for control

Types of Communication
 People communicate with each other in a number of ways
that depend upon the message and its context in which it is
being sent.
 Choice of communication channel and style of
communicating also affect communication. So, there are
varieties of types of communication.

I. Types of communication based on the
communication channels:
1. Verbal Communication
2. Nonverbal

1. Verbal Communication
 Verbal communication refers to the form of communication in
which message is transmitted verbally. Communication is
done by word of mouth and a piece of writing.
 Verbal Communication is further divided into:
▪ Oral Communication
▪ Written Communication

1. (a)Oral Communication
 In oral communication, Spoken words are used.
 It includes face-to-face conversations, speech, telephonic
conversation, video, radio, television, voice over internet.
 In oral communication, communication is influence by pitch,
volume, speed and clarity of speaking.

Written Communication
 In written communication, written signs or symbols are used
to communicate.
 A written message may be printed or hand written. In written
communication message can be transmitted via email, letter,
report, memo etc.
 Message, in written communication, is influenced by the
vocabulary & grammar used, writing style, precision and
clarity of the language used.

2. Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal communication is the sending or
receiving of wordless messages. We can say that
communication other than oral and written, such as
gesture, body language, posture, tone of voice or
facial expressions, is called nonverbal
communication.
Nonverbal communication is all about the body
language of speaker.

Nonverbal communication helps receiver in
interpreting the message received. Often, nonverbal
signals reflect the situation more accurately than
verbal messages.
 Sometimes nonverbal response contradicts verbal
communication and hence affects the effectiveness
of message.

Nonverbal communication has the
following three elements:
 Appearance
Speaker: clothing, hairstyle, neatness, use of cosmetics
Surrounding: room size, lighting, decorations, furnishings
 Body Language
facial expressions, gestures, postures
 Sounds Voice Tone, Volume, Speech rate

. Which of the following is considered as effective
from verbal communication?
• (1) Story-telling
• (2) Sloganeering
• (3) Use of high pitch of voice
• (4) Monologues

Types of Communication Based on
Purpose and Style
 Based on style and purpose, there are two main categories of
communication and they both bears their own characteristics.
Communication types based on style and purpose are:
1. Formal Communication
2. Informal Communication

1. Formal Communication
 In formal communication, certain rules, conventions and
principles are followed while communicating message.
 Formal communication occurs in formal and official style.
 Usually professional settings, corporate meetings, conferences
undergoes in formal pattern

2. Informal Communication
 Informal communication is done using channels that are in contrast with formal
communication channels.
 It’s just a casual talk.
 It is established for societal affiliations of members in an organization and face-to-
face discussions.
 It happens among friends and family. In informal communication use of slang words,
foul language is not restricted.
 Usually. informal communication is done orally and using gestures.
 Informal communication, unlike formal communication, doesn’t follow authority
lines. In an organization, it helps in finding out staff grievances as people express
more when talking informally.
 Informal communication helps in building relationships.

Types of Communication in an
organization:
1. Internal Communication
2. External Communication

1. Internal Communication
 Communication within an organization is called “Internal Communication”. It
includes all communication within an organization. It may be informal,
formal function, or department providing communication in various forms
to employees.
 Under Internal Communication, types are:
1. Upward Communication
 Upward communication is the flow of information from subordinates to
superiors, or from employees to management.
 Upward Communication is a mean for the staff to: ▪ Exchange information ▪
Offer ideas ▪ Express enthusiasm ▪ Achieve job satisfaction ▪ Provide
feedback

 Downward Communication
 Downward Communication Information flowing from the top of the organizational
management hierarchy and telling people in the organization what is important
(mission) and what is valued (policies). Downward communication generally
provides information – which allows a subordinate to do something.
 For example, instructions on how to complete a task. Downward communication
comes after upward communications have been successfully established.

This type of communication is needed in an
organization to:
 ▪ Transmit vital information
 ▪ Give instructions
 ▪ Encourage 2-way discussion
 ▪ Announce decisions
 ▪ Seek cooperation
 ▪ Provide motivation
 ▪ Boost morale
 ▪ Increase efficiency
 ▪ Obtain feedback

Both Downward & Upward Communications are collectively
called “Vertical Communication”
 Horizontal/ Lateral communication normally involves coordinating information, and
allows people with the same or similar rank in an organization to cooperate or
collaborate.
 Communication among employees at the same level is crucial for the
accomplishment of the assigned work.
 Horizontal Communication is essential for:
▪ Solving problems
▪ Accomplishing tasks
▪ Improving teamwork
▪ Building goodwill
▪ Boosting efficiency

Diagonal communication
 Diagonal communication includes the horizontal flow of
information, among people on the same or similar
organizational levels and the diagonal flow, among persons at
different levels who have no direct reporting relationship with
one another.

▪ Grapevine
 It is an informal, unofficial and personal communication
channel or system that takes place within the organization as
a result of rumor and gossip.
 It is a complex web of oral information flow linking all the
members of the organization.
 The grapevine does not have any definite pattern or direction,
though it is largely horizontal in nature.
 It can be effective horizontally, vertically and even diagonally.

2. External Communication
 Communication with people outside the company is called
“external communication”.
 Supervisors communicate with sources outside the
organization, such as vendors and customers.
 It leads to better: ▪ Sales volume ▪ Public credibility ▪
Operational efficiency ▪
 Company profits It should improve: ▪ Overall performance ▪
Public goodwill ▪ Corporate image

Types of Communication based on
receivers:
 It classifies communication according to the number of
persons (receivers) to whom the message is addressed
 Intrapersonal Communication: It refers to talking to oneself in
one’s own mind. It is a communicator's internal use of
language or thought. Examples: Asides or soliloquy in
dramatic works.

 Interpersonal Communication:
 It is the exchange of facts, information and messages between
two persons. For example, a conversation, an interview, letter
or a dialogue, in which two persons interact (others may also
be present as the audience). An author is also an example
where he/she interacts messages with the reader, who is a
silent audience in the author’s mind.

 Group Communication:
 It is an extension of interpersonal communication where
more than two persons are involved in the exchange of ideas,
messages, skills, and interests. Examples: Meeting in an
organization, club or classroom, Committee meetings

 Mass Communication:
 It refers to imparting and exchanging of information on a
large scale to a wide range of people. It occurs when the
information is shared with large groups of people. There are
fewer chances of direct feedback as there is no personal
contact between the senders and receivers. Examples: It can
be done through various mediums such as newspaper, radio,
or television, social networking etc

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