Python PPT.pptx

Lesson 1: Python Overview
• In this lesson, we will explore the Python programming language, its origin, its
features, and its uses.
After studying this lesson, you should be able to:
• get acquainted with Python and its history;
• list the features of Python;
• differentiate between the versions of Python; and
• list the uses of Python.
Objectives

• Computers are machines, and they only understand binary or sequences of ones
and zeroes.
• Programming languages allow us to write instructions in a way that is
understandable to humans.
• A compiler or an interpreter is then used to translate these instructions into
binary.
• The process of writing instructions using a programming language is called
coding.

Introducing Python
Python is an interpreted general-purpose programming language that can be used in a
wide array of applications.

Python’s Origins
• Python’s development started in the late 1980s.
• Invented by Guido van Rossum.
• Successor of ABC programming language.
• Some features is from Modula-3.
• Implementation of Python started in late 1989.
• The language was named after the popular
British television show, Monty Python’s Flying
Circus.
• Python 1.0 was released in 1994.
• Python 2.0 was released in 2000.
• Version 3.0 came out in 2008 and promised to
solve inherent issues with the older versions.
Today, Python is one of the
most popular programming
languages in the world.

Python’s Key Features
Python’s popularity has plenty to do with its
features.
 Easy-to-Use
 Interpreted
 High-level
 Dynamically-Typed
 Expressive
 Extensible
 Available Libraries
 Support for GUI
 Cross-platform Development
 Free and Open-source
Python’s Uses and
Applications
Here are just some of its uses and
applications today.
 Web Applications
 Data and Analytics
 Research
 Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine
Learning (ML)
 Business and Enterprise
 Game Development
 Internet-of-Things

Lesson 2: Installing Python and PyCharm
• Now that we are acquainted with Python and its features as a programming
language, let’s begin using it. In this lesson, we will install Python and the PyCharm
IDE on a computer running on a Windows operating system.
• download the Python and PyCharm installers;
• install Python and PyCharm; and
• go over PyCharm’s features and GUI.
Objectives

Installing and Downloading Python
To download Python, visit
https://python.org.

Running the Installer
Select the file, right-click, and choose
Run as Administrator.
A User Account Control
prompt message will
likely pop up. If it does,
choose Yes.
The Python installation will start.
Choose Install Now.
The installer will copy the necessary
files into your system.

Professional Community
PyCharms Community version’s key features
include: • Code Assistance
• Developer Tools

Installing and Downloading PyCharm
To download PyCharm, visit
https://www.jetbrains.com/
pycharm/download/

Installing PyCharm
Select the file, right-click, and choose
Run as Administrator.
A User Account Control
prompt message will
likely pop up. If it does,
choose Yes.
The PyCharm installer will start.
Click Next.

Select the appropriate installation
options for your computer, then click
Next.
You can check your Windows properties (in Windows
Explorer right-click on Computer > Properties) to see your
system type.

You can also set the Start Menu
folder in which the PyCharm
shortcut will be placed. Click Install.
The PyCharm installer will start copying
the files into your system.

Running PyCharm for the First Time
A wizard will start, allowing
you to set some settings.
Clicking Next will bring up Featured Plugins.
Since you are just learning Python, let’s skip
this for now and click Start using Pycharm.

PyCharm will ask you what you want
to do. Click on New Project.
It defaults to a location within your
Windows user directory. Click
Create.

IDLE
To launch IDLE, just click on
the Windows Start menu >
Python > IDLE.
To open the editor, click File
> New File or press Ctrl + N.
IDLE also supports syntax highlighting, autocompletion, and smart indent.
You can save your Python (.py) files and run them within IDLE.

Hello, World!
Enter this line of code:
Click the Run button.
Notice how PyCharm automatically shifts focus to the Run tool window.

• Comments are lines of code that are meant to provide information to yourself or
your fellow programmers who would want to see how your code works.
• Comments are indicated by the hash (#).

Lesson 3: Understanding Data
• We’ve already set up our computers to run Python and PyCharm. In this lesson, we
will be discussing fundamental concepts in programming, particularly how data
works in Python.
• learn how data is represented in Python,
• list the common data types,
• specify data, and
• perform basic operations.
Objectives

Using the
Interpreter
Launching IDLE opens up the Python Shell.
In PyCharm, the Python
Shell can be accessed
readily from within
PyCharm through the
Python Console tool
window.
To restart the console, press Ctrl + F6 in IDLE or press Ctrl + F5 in PyCharm.

Data as Objects
To write effective code, you need to know how the programming language handles and
manages data.
Python follows this “data as objects” analogy
and treats data accordingly. Each object bears
the following information:
• an identity (or ID), which tells it apart from
other objects (usually the object’s location in
the computer’s memory)
• a type, which determines what kind of value
it can have
• a corresponding value
Try this out in the
interpreter. Enter each
of the following lines:

id() function When using functions, we place the object we want to be processed
within the parentheses.
Run the following lines: The interpreter should return an
integer value for each, signifying
their location in your memory.

Data Types
Here is a list of the common data types and their respective uses.

In the interpreter, enter:
Python should return the data types of each i.e. x is a string and y is an integer.
Example 1 Example 2
Mutability
refers to whether the
value of the object can
be changed (mutable) or
not (immutable). Integer,
float, string, Boolean,
tuple, and frozenset data
are immutable.

Let’s try changing the data of one of the variables. Enter the following code.
Check what data x contains using the print() function.
Let’s check the IDs of the following: Now let’s try doing something similar to a
mutable data type such as a list. Let’s create
a simple list and assign it to a variable.
Check the IDs of both a and b.

Let’s try changing the value of the list by “popping” one
element out of it with the pop() method.
Check the value
of both a and b
variable, then
check their IDs.
Why does mutability
matter?

Specifying Data Values
A literal is a direct way to
specify a value.
Variables are among the
fundamental programming
concepts that you must grasp.
We do not have to declare a
variable’s data type explicitly
when creating one in Python.
Python has several rules on
how you can name a variable:
 Must begin with a letter or underscore and not a digit
 May only contain the following characters
{ Lower case letters (a-z)
{ Uppercase letters (A-Z)
{ Digits (0-9)
{ Underscore (_)
 Is case-sensitive, meaning var, VAR, and Var would be
considered unique names
 Can’t be one of Python’s keywords

To get a list of Python’s keywords, run help(‘keywords’) in the interpreter.

To assign a variable to an object,
we use the equal sign (=).
We can also reassign variable
names.

Lesson 4: Numbers and Strings
• Data are essential building blocks of any computer program. In this lesson, we will
be exploring numerical values, Boolean values, text strings, lists, tuples, and sets.
• list the number data types in Python;
• work with text strings; and
• create sets and lists.
Objectives

Numbers
Integers are made up of whole numbers, their negative
counterparts, and zero.
Try entering the following lines in the interpreter:
Negative integers are specified by starting the sequence with a
minus sign.
You can’t start
with a zero (digit).
An exception to this is when you use another base

You also will not be able to include commas in your
specification. If you try to enter commas in a
sequence of digits, you will get a tuple.
You can insert underscores within the sequence
as digit separators, and they will be ignored by
the interpreter.

You can perform mathematical operations on integers.

Enter the following lines in the interpreter and see their results.
See what happens when you try to divide by zero.
You can assign
variables names to
integer objects.
Note that Python arithmetic follows PEMDAS
precedence rules.
Before entering the following code in the
interpreter, try to figure out what the result will
be.

Floating-point numbers or
floats are numerical values
with decimal points.
Floats can also take
underscores to
separate the digits.
Like integers, you can perform
mathematical operations on floats
and the variables assigned to them.
When you perform an
operation between a
float and an integer
value, the result will be
a float.

You can also convert
the specified values
of variables from
integers to floats
and vice
versa using the
float() and int()
functions.
Let’s try converting a
variable’s referenced
value from float to
integer.
Note that these functions do
not affect an object’s
mutability. The specified
values do not change IDs.

A Boolean value is either True or False.
• Boolean values of other data types
using the bool() function.
• Nonzero numbers are treated as
True.
• Zero-valued numbers are treated as
False.
Try these lines in the interpreter:

Strings are composed of a sequence of
characters. They are specified by enclosing
characters in quotation marks. You can use
either single (‘) or double (“) quotes.
Example 1
Example 2
Multiline Strings
When you want to include quotation marks
as part of your string. You can use the single
quotes within double quotes and vice versa.
You can also specify multi-line strings
using three quotation marks. To move to
the next line in the interpreter, press
Shift + Enter.

Escape and Whitespace Characters
Here are some other escape characters
that you can use in strings:
• n - new line
• r - carriage return
• t - tab
• ‘ - single quote
• - backslash
Example
Concatenation and Multiplication
You can also perform some “operations” with
strings. Using + concatenates or joins string
values together.
You can also multiply strings. What it does
is:

Offset and Slice
You can also get a specific character within a string based on its position in the
sequence using offset[].
Keep in mind that the index starts at 0, so if you want to get the third character, you
use 2 as offset.
Like offset, you can define a slice using
brackets.
[:] - gets the entire sequence from start to end
[start :] - gets all the characters from the start
point of the slice until the end of the sequence
[: end] - gets all the characters until before the
chosen endpoint
[start : end] - gets characters from the start until
before the endpoint
[start: end: step] - gets characters from start
until before the endpoint, skipping every number
of characters set by the step

Length
len() function counts the number of characters and returns the result as an integer value.
The strip() method is a procedure for strings.
strip() - Strips whitespace characters on both sides
lstrip() - Strips whitespace characters on the left
rstrip() - Strips whitespace characters on the right
Example

Try checking the variable and see
that the associate value remains
the same.
You can also indicate a sequence of
characters as an argument.
Split and Join
The split() method can create a list out of a string value. It helps if there is something in
the string that can be used as a separator.

Let’s try this example with
different whitespace characters
and see how the split() method
will turn the string value into a list.
You can also bring together list items to form a string value using the join()
method.

Replace
The replace() method is another handy string method. The method can take on three
arguments:
• the string you want to be replaced,
• the string you want to replace it with,and
• (optional) the number of times the replacement would occur.
If you do not set the optional parameter, it will replace all instances it can find.

Case
We can also change the case of the characters in the
string using the following methods:
• capitalize() - Capitalizes the first word of the string
• title() - Capitalizes the first letter of each word
• upper() - Capitalizes all the letters in the string
• lower() - Converts the letters to lowercase
• swapcase() - Changes the case from upper to
lowercase and vice versa

Lesson 5: Tuples and Lists
• In this lesson, we will be exploring collection data types in Python. This time, we
will be looking at tuples and lists, which are sequences of objects.
• define tuples and lists;
• manipulate them using functions and methods; and
• explore the uses of these data types.
Objectives

Tuples are the first type of sequence structure we will be discussing. If you are
wondering how it is pronounced, it can either be “tue-pull” (as in “Tuesday”) or
“tuppull” (as in “Tupperware”). Both are considered acceptable.
Specifying Tuples
To specify a tuple, you enter each element and use a comma to
separate them.
Example 1
Example 2

To create a tuple with just one
element, use a comma at the end
of the first (and only) element.
You can also have tuples with
elements of mixed data types.
You can reference a specific element by
referencing its offset.
Unpacking a
Tuple

Creating Tuples Out of Other Types
Python has a tuple() function, which allows you to convert other data types.
Tuple “Operations”
Using the + operator combines two tuples
together.
Using the * operator duplicates the
specified element.

Comparing Tuples
Comparison Operators

Lists are the second type of sequence structure in Python. Unlike tuples, lists are
mutable, meaning their values can be changed.
Specifying Lists
To specify a list, you need to
enclose elements using square
brackets [] and use the comma as
the separator for the elements.
Creating Lists Out of Other Types

You can even create lists using data types that have offsets, like strings, for instance.
Strings can be split using the split()
method to create a list.
Keep in mind that the join()
method takes on the list as its
parameter.

Adding and Inserting Items
Instead of assigning a new variable name for the combined sequence, you
can also use an existing variable name.

The extend() method works similarly. It takes on the additional list as a parameter.
The * operator, like in tuples, multiplies the elements in the list
You can add items to the end of the list with the append() method.

You can also insert an element within the list using the insert() method.
Comparing Lists
Deleting Values
You can delete an element from the list using the del keyword and the offset of
the element.

Another way you can delete
an element is by using the
remove() method and
indicating the value of the
element.
A third way to remove an
element from a list is using
the pop() method.
You can delete all items in
a list by using the clear()
method.

Finding Information
Using in returns a Boolean
value.
Using the index() method.
The len() function returns
the number of elements in
a list.
Using the count()
method.

Copying Values
You can create copies of lists using
the copy() method. It works best if
all the values of list elements are
immutable.
But what if we have something mutable
like a whole list as a list element?
let’s delete an element from the additional list
and see how this affects the other lists that
contain it.

To copy the actual values from one list to another and not just the reference, we can
use Python’s copy module. Let’s use deepcopy().

Reordering Elements
• The sort() method rearranges values of the list in itself.
• The sorted() function creates a sorted copy of a list.

What are the difference between
Tuples and Lists?

Lesson 6: Sets and Dictionaries
• In this lesson, we will be learning more about collection data types, particularly
unordered sets (sets and frozensets) and dictionaries.
• define sets and dictionaries;
• manipulate these data types; and
• explore the uses of these data types.
Objectives

Set is a collection data type made up of unordered elements. Just think of your lessons
on sets in math class. Python sets function much like the sets you studied in math.
Specifying Tuples
To specify a set, you can use the curly braces {}. Try these out in the
interpreter.
Example
To create an empty set,
you must use the function.

Creating Sets Out of Other Types
the set() function can be used to create sets
out of strings, lists, tuples, and dictionaries.
Using the len() function.
Notice how this is also the
case for the other data types
which include multiple
elements with similar values.

Adding and Deleting Elements
To add an element, you need to use the
add() method.
You can also delete an element by using
the remove() method.
Finding Information

Let’s check out how they work.
Define two sets in the interpreter
Try using the operators and methods.

Frozensets are basically sets with immutable values.
To specify a frozenset or create a
frozenset out of other data types, you
use the frozenset() function.
To see if the values really are immutable, try using the add() or remove() methods.

A dictionary is a collection data type that consists of key and value pairs.
Specifying Dictionaries
To specify a dictionary, you can use either curly brackets ({}) with
key and value pairs that use the colon (:) separated by commas
(,).
You can also use the dict() function

Creating Dictionaries Out
of Other Types
Combine two lists into a dictionary using the dict() and zip() functions.

Adding and Changing Elements
To add a value, simply specify a key in the offset and assign a value.
To change a value, simply refer to a key and assign a new value. If the key does not
exist, a new element will be added.

Delete elements from the dictionary by using the del keyword
To delete all items in a dictionary, use the clear() method.
Finding Information
Using len() function
You can get the value
associated to a key by
entering the key.

If you try to get a value for a key
that does not exist, Python will
return an error.
To check if a key exists. You can also get the value of
a key using the get()
method.
You can get the keys from a dictionary using the keys() method.

You can turn the result of the keys() method into a list using the list() function. Doing
so creates a copy of the keys.
If you can get keys, you can also get values. You can use the values() method.
You can also make a list out of this result.

Combining Dictionaries
You can combine or
merge two dictionaries
using **.
You can also use the update()
method to insert dictionary
values into an existing one.

Comparing Dictionaries
You can compare dictionaries but only
using the equality operators (==) and
(!=).
Python compares elements one by one regardless of sequence or order. If they match,
Python will return a True value.

Lesson 7: Conditionals, Loops, and Input
• In this lesson, we are moving on to some of the more exciting concepts in
computer programming. We will learn about conditionals, loops, and the input()
function.
• define what conditionals and loops are;
• use conditionals and loops; and
• allow user input in your programs.
Objectives

IDLE Editor
Click File > New File or Ctrl + N. To run a program, press F5.

PyCharm Editor 1. Click the project root in the Project tool
window > New > Python File.
2. Select Python file from the popup window,
and then type the new filename.
3. Run the program (Shift-Alt-F10)

Conditionals allow you to execute lines of code if particular conditions are met.
Syntax Output

Nesting Conditions
You can place other conditional statements within conditions.
Syntax Output

We can further refine the code using the elif keyword so we can check for more than
one condition.
Syntax Output

Logical Operators
Syntax Output

Comparing with the in Keyword
Say we want to check a letter if it is a vowel
or not. We can manually set multiple
conditions using if, elif, and else:
A shorter version of this uses the or
keyword.
You can also use the in keyword.

Loops
The while keyword allows us to execute code over and over until a condition is met.
Syntax Output

Assignment Operators We can also create loops using the for
and in keywords. Let’s say we want to
print each letter in the string “kerfuffle”
Syntax
Output

Iterating through Collections
Tuples
Syntax Output
Lists
Sets
Dictionaries

Break and Continue
The break keyword is used when you want to loop something indefinitely until a
condition is met.
Syntax Output
The continue keyword skips running the code for an iteration.
Syntax Output

The range() function creates a sequence
of numbers. It takes on three arguments:
• start - The start of the sequence
• stop - The end of the sequence
• step - How much the range
increments

Input
• The input() function allows us to show a prompt and have the user to provide
some information.
• The function takes on a parameter for a prompt.
Syntax
Output

Lesson 8: Functions, Classes, and Objects
• In this lesson, we will be learning how to create and use functions, classes, and
objects.
• define functions, classes, and objects;
• create samples of functions, classes, and objects; and
• use them in programs.
Objectives

Functions
• allow us to perform various tasks without having to code the instructions over and
over. All we have to do is to call the function and pass on some arguments for us to
get some form of result.
Defining and Calling Functions
To define a function, we use the def keyword. We specify the function name, its
input parameters in parentheses (if needed), and a colon (:).
Syntax Output

Arguments and Parameters
Let’s create a function called times_five(), which multiplies any value passed into it
through the argument “number” by five.
Syntax Output
Let’s try converting the vowel checker program that we had in the previous unit
into a function. The function takes on the argument “letter”.
Syntax Output

Positional arguments pass on values based on their position.
Syntax
Output
Keyword arguments allows you to indicate the argument names and their corresponding
parameters.
Syntax
Output

What if you forget to add providing a
value for an expected argument?
A way to prevent this is by immediately assigning a value in the def statement.
Syntax Output

What if we need our function to be flexible and be able to take on a
variable number of arguments?
Syntax Output
You can also use **kwargs to create a dictionary from the arguments.
Syntax Output

Global vs. Local Variables
Global variables are accessible throughout the program. Local variables are only
accessible within the function in which they are declared.
To Declare To Call
Output

Objects and Classes
• Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm where
software is designed based on real-world objects rather than simply as
sequences of instructions and logic.
• Objects in OOP are data structures that have attributes and methods.
• Class is the characteristic of an object.
Example:
Dog > Bantay > brown fur and four legs

Defining Classes
To create a class, we use the class keyword.
• The __init__ method is what is called a
constructor in OOP.
• The self keyword allows us to access the
attributes and methods that we will be
creating for the class.
Creating Objects
To create an object from a class, we call
the class and assign it to a variable.
We can access the attribute values of
dog1 by using dot notation.
Output

Adding and Using Methods
Next, we will add an ability to our
Dog class.
This allows all dog objects to bark and can be triggered by calling the bark() method
of our object.

Changing Object Properties
Output
Deleting an Object
Child Classes and Inheritance
Let’s create an object
based on this Pug class

Overriding Using Child Classes
Syntax Output

Lesson 9: Modules
• In this lesson, we will be exploring Python’s extensibility using modules. We willl
learn how to download them, import them into our programs, and use their
functionalities.
• explore built-in modules available in Python;
• download and import modules; and
• use modules to build programs.
Objectives

Modules and Packages
Creating Modules
In PyCharm, you can do this by
rightclicking on the project tool
window and selecting New >
Python File. Name it vowel_
checker.py. Then copy the code
below.
Go back to main.py and enter the following
code:

Importing Modules
To import an entire module, we can use the import keyword.
Example: What this does basically translates to:
Installing Third-Party Packages
The easiest way to install these third-party packages is by using Python’s package
installer or pip.

In PyCharm, simply bring up the Terminal tool
window. In the command line, enter:
In the terminal, type:

Working with Modules and Packages
Random allows us to generate “random” numbers and randomize from a set of
elements.
Three of its commonly-used methods are:

Turtle graphics is another interesting Python module. It simulates a digital turtle
drawing lines on the screen as it moves.
Setting Up the Screen
Create our turtle object.

Drawing a Square Drawing a Circle
This tells the turtle to
draw a circle with a
radius of 50 pixels.
This way, we get a
circle with a diameter
of 100 pixels.
Drawing a Triangle

More Methods
Try out these other Turtle methods and see
how they work.
• setposition()
• home()
• undo()
• pendown()
• penup()
• pensize()
• color()
• pencolor()
• fillcolor()
• filling()
• begin_fill()
• end_fill()
• showturtle()
• hideturtle()

Tkinter is a built-in module in Python used for building GUI based applications.

Lesson 10: Python Project
• In this lesson, we will be putting all we have learned in the course together to
create different projects using Python.
• create a Bato Bato Pik (rock, paper, scissors) game;
• build a word counter app; and
• make a price checker app.
Objectives

Bato Bato Pik is our local version of Rock,
Paper, Scissors.
A player has three choices:
1) rock (bato),
2) paper (papel), or
3) scissors (gunting).
The opponent (in this case, the
computer) also makes a play based on
the same choices. The outcome depends
on these choices. Rock crushes scissors.
Paper covers rock. Scissors cut paper. A
player can win, lose, or draw.

Word Counter
a tiny app that counts the number of
words in a text box.

Price Checker
It is a grocery price
checker. It allows you to click on
a product, and the app will
display its price.

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