Perspective Principles

IMD09117 and IMD09118 Web Design and Development Unit 10 Shape, perspective and principles of design

Shape and texture Version A Unit 10 ©2008 Napier University Focussed on linking Adds personality, interest without distracting Square - stability, easy on a grid Organic shapes - spontaneous, harder to program

Shape and texture Version A Unit 10 ©2008 Napier University Texture and patterns can provide tactile sense of the interface’s look and feel Rough, rugged, smooth, organic, manmade Geometric - precision. Organic - haphazard Be restrained to avoid over complexity

Perspective Version A Unit 10 ©2008 Napier University Representing 3D objects on 2D surface Linear or atmospheric/aerial Adds interest Achieved by relative size of objects, overlapping objects, blurring or sharpening of objects, lines meeting at a point.

Perspective Version A Unit 10 ©2008 Napier University The horizon line is a theoretical line that represents the eye level of the observer. The horizon itself might be above the horizon line if there are trees or other features on the actual horizon. At times there is no visible horizon

Perspective Version A Unit 10 ©2008 Napier University Vanishing point is on the horizon line where receding lines appear to converge. Objects that are parallel to one another have the same vanishing point.

Perspective Version A Unit 10 ©2008 Napier University Atmospheric perspective- how the appearance of an object is affected by looking through air. Distant objects lose information less contrast with their surroundings. less bright colours (become blue grey) less clarity - fuzzy edges smaller

Balance Version A Unit 10 ©2008 Napier University Asymmetrical balance may appear more casual and less planned Harder to use because the designer must plan the layout very carefully to ensure that it is still balanced Unbalanced page or screen creates a feeling of tension as if the screen might tip

Economy Version A Unit 10 ©2008 Napier University Distillation of an image to the basic essentials for clarity of presentation. Using only what is needed for visual effect Eliminating any elements that distract attention from the essence of an idea. It tends to be an abstraction.

Emphasis Version A Unit 10 ©2008 Napier University Certain elements assume more importance than others Some features are emphasised and others are subordinated. Emphasis is concerned with dominance and the development of a main idea or centre of interest (focal point)

Movement Version A Unit 10 ©2008 Napier University Produces the look of action or to cause the viewer’s eye to sweep over the work in a certain manner. Objects can be made to appear to be moving by different kinds of shapes, forms, lines and curves. Diagonal lines tend to create the illusion of movement or motion.

Movement Version A Unit 10 ©2008 Napier University Changes in direction or change in the darkness or lightness of an image can also create a sense of motion. Similar shapes connected with each other or overlapping each other can imply movement or restlessness.

Repetition Version A Unit 10 ©2008 Napier University Combining art elements so that the same elements are used over and over to achieve balance and harmony. Repetition, rhythm and pattern are design principles that complement each other, according to Larkin. Grouping similar forms in an effort to satisfy the user's perceptual need for a sense of order and wholeness.

Repetition Version A Unit 10 ©2008 Napier University The user recognises these traits and the eye is drawn to it. Repetition is the most powerful when the variables of size, shape, texture and colour are equal.

Rhythm Version A Unit 10 ©2008 Napier University Combining art elements to produce the look and feel of movement, especially with a visual tempo or beat. Rhythm can be described as timed movement through space; an easy, connected path along which the eye follows a regular arrangement of motifs. Creates predictability and order in a composition.

Rhythm Version A Unit 10 ©2008 Napier University The parallels between rhythm in sound/ music are very exact to the idea of rhythm in a visual composition. The difference is that the timed "beat" is sensed by the eyes rather than the ears. The rhythm can be irregular or regular.

Rhythm Version A Unit 10 ©2008 Napier University Linear rhythm refers to the characteristic flow of the individual line. Accomplished artists have a rhythm of their own. Linear rhythm is not as dependent on pattern, but is more dependent on timed movement of the viewer's eye.

Rhythm Version A Unit 10 ©2008 Napier University Clear repetition of elements in a composition, or it may be a more subtle in the underlying structure of the image. Alternation is a specific instance of patterning in which a sequence of repeating motifs are presented in turn; (short/long; fat/thin; round/square; dark/light).

Rhythm Version A Unit 10 ©2008 Napier University Gradation employs a series of motifs patterned to relate to one another through a regular progression of steps. This may be a gradation of shape or colour. Can create a sequence of events, not unlike a series of images in a comic strip. The use of rhythm is the designer's ability to use sustained repetition to assist in the provision of a sense of order.

Unity and variety Version A Unit 10 ©2008 Napier University Unity is the quality of wholeness or oneness that is achieved through the effective use of the elements and principles of design (harmony). Variety is a way of combining art elements in involved ways to achieve intricate and complex relationships.

Websites Version A Unit 10 ©2008 Napier University http://www.universaldesignstudio.com/online/flash.php http://www.attilahartwig.com/# http://www.rootylicious.com/ http://www.dunun.com/2002/ http://www.studiobreakfast.be/ http://www.antonwatts.com/ http://www.exactitudes.com/ http://www.olaf-veltman.com/ http://www.sagmeister.com/

Summary Version A Unit 10 ©2008 Napier University Shapes, textures and patterns can be organic or manmade. They can affect the personality of the interface and should be appropriate, interesting and consistent.

Summary Version A Unit 10 ©2008 Napier University Perspective is the means of representing 3D objects on a 2D surface. It is achieved by relative size, overlapping objects, blurring and sharpening and lines meeting at a point.

Perspective Principles

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