Mr Exham IGCSE - Classification

Mr Exham IGCSE - Classification

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  IGCSE Biology –4BI0 MAKING SENSE OF Copyright©2015HenryExham Icons CC – The Pink GroupIcons CC – The Pink Group Copyright©2017HenryExham
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  Copyright © 2015Henry Exham 1.2 Classification– The Variety of Living Organisms Objectives 2 • Can you describe the common features shared by organisms within the following main groups: plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, protoctists and viruses? • What does the term ‘pathogen’ mean? • Understand that pathogens may be fungi, bacteria, protoctists or viruses.
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  Copyright © 2015Henry Exham 1.2 Classification– The Variety of Living Organisms Classification 3 • All living organisms can be classified into groups based on certain criteria. • One of the simplest forms of classification is to split all living things into 5 Kingdoms. • Animals, plants, fungi, protoctists and bacteria. • We will also look at viruses which are non- living and therefore classified separately.
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  Copyright © 2015Henry Exham 1.2 Classification– The Variety of Living Organisms Classification 4
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  Copyright © 2015Henry Exham 1.2 Classification– The Variety of Living Organisms Plants 5 • They are multicellular. • Cells contain chloroplasts. • Carry out photosynthesis and therefore make their own food (autotrophic). • Have cellulose cell walls. • Store sugar as starch.
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  Copyright © 2015Henry Exham 1.2 Classification– The Variety of Living Organisms Animals 6 • They are multicellular. • Get their nutrition from feeding on other organisms (heterotrophic). • They are capable of movement. • Store sugar as glycogen.
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  Copyright © 2015Henry Exham 1.2 Classification– The Variety of Living Organisms Fungi 7 • Can be multicellular or unicellular. • Cell wall made of CHITIN. • Made of a network of fibres called a MYCELIUM of HYPHAE. • Feed by SAPROPHYTIC nutrition using EXTRACELLULAR enzymes.
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  Copyright © 2015Henry Exham 1.2 Classification– The Variety of Living Organisms Protoctists 8 • A strange collection of simple organisms that do not fit into the other groups therefore often known as the ‘dustbin’ kingdom. • Mostly single celled. • E.g. protozoa like amoeba or Algae.
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  Copyright © 2015Henry Exham 1.2 Classification– The Variety of Living Organisms Bacteria (Prokaryotes) 9 • Small single celled organisms. • Three basic shapes: spheres, rods and spirals. • Cell wall made of polysaccharides and proteins (peptidoglycan). • Some have a capsule or slime layer. • Has no nucleus. • Some species have flagella. • Some contain plasmids (loops of DNA) which we can use in genetic engineering.
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  Copyright © 2015Henry Exham 1.2 Classification– The Variety of Living Organisms Bacteria (Prokaryotes) 10 A typical bacteria
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  Copyright © 2015Henry Exham 1.2 Classification– The Variety of Living Organisms Viruses 11 • All are parasites. • Much smaller than bacteria cells. • Not made of cells, and do not carry out any of the normal ‘characteristics’ of living organisms. • Made of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat. • All natural viruses cause disease.
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  Copyright © 2015Henry Exham 1.2 Classification– The Variety of Living Organisms Pathogens 12
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  Copyright © 2015Henry Exham 1.2 Classification– The Variety of Living Organisms Pathogens 13 • It could be a virus e.g. influenza. • It could be a fungus e.g. athlete’s foot • It could be a bacteria e.g. cholera • It could be a protoctists e.g. malaria • These pathogens can often be passed from person to person.
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