Introduction to TCP Protocol Suite

INTRODUCTION
TO
TCP/IP PROTOCOL
SUITE
Hope Foundation’s International Institute of Information Technology, I²IT, P-14 Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park, Hinjawadi, Pune - 411 057
Tel - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | Website - www.isquareit.edu.in ; Email - info@isquareit.edu.in

PROTOCOL LAYERING
In data communication and networking, a Protocol defines the rules
that both the sender and receiver and all intermediate devices need to
follow to be able to communicate effectively.
When communication is simple, we may need only one simple
protocol.
When communication is complex, we may need to divide the task
between different layers, in which case we need a protocol at each
layer, or Protocol Layering.
Source: Data Communications and Networking 5E, Forouzan

A SINGLE LAYER PROTOCOL
1. Greet eachother when they meet
2. Confine the vocabulary to the level
of friendship
3. Refrain from speaking if one is
speaking
4. Opportunity to talk both on an
issue (dialog / monolog)
5. Exchange nice words when
departing

A THREE-LAYER PROTOCOL

PRINCIPLES OF PROTOCOL
LAYERINGFirst principle: If we want bidirectional communications, we need to
make each layer so that it is able to perform two opposite tasks, one
in each direction.
Second Principle: Two objects under each layer at both side should be
identical.
Logical connection between peer
layers

INTRODUCTION
TCP/IP is a protocol suite used in the Internet today. It’s a hierarchical
protocol made up of interactive modules, each of which provides a
specific functionality.
Image Source: Weblink
https://www.google.com/url?s
a=i&source=images&cd=&ved
=2ahUKEwjspoq34s7fAhVJbn0
KHaFSBdMQjRx6BAgBEAU&url
=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtub
e.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DS9Nh
TS0WssI&psig=AOvVaw2rl2F6
guAkQrGI6I02i1PW&ust=1546
507202644930

COMMUNICATION THROUGH
AN INTERNET

LAYERS IN THE TCP/IP
PROTOCOL SUITE

IDENTICAL OBJECTS IN THE
TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE

PHYSICAL LAYER
1. Physical Characteristics of Interface and medium : Type of
Transmission medium
2. Representation of Bits : Encoding Techniques ; Conversion of Bits
to Electrical/Optical signals
3. Data rate: bits/sec
4. Synchronization: Clock Synchronization at Sender & receiver
5. Physical Topology: Star, Bus, Mesh, Ring etc
6. Line Configuration : Point to Point, Multipoint Configurations
7. Transmission Mode : Simplex , Half-Duplex, Full-Duplex
Physical layer is responsible for movements of bits from one
hop(node) to the next
Image Source:
https://slideplayer.com/slide/9415506/

DATA LINK LAYER
1. Framing
2. Physical Addressing
3.Flow control
4. Error Control: Detection & Correction
5. Access Control
Data link layer is responsible for moving frames from one
hop(node) to the next
e.g., ARP, IEEE 802.3 and IEEE
802.11
Image Source:
http://www.highteck.net/EN/DataLink/Data_Link_
Layer.html

NETWORK LAYER
1. Logical Addressing: IPv4, IPv6
2. Routing: Routing algorithms & table (traffic routing & control)
Network layer is responsible for delivery of individual packets from source host to
destination host
e.g., IP, ICMP, IGMP, DHCP
Image Source: Weblink
https://fossbytes.com/networ
k-layer-osi-model/

TRANSPORT LAYER
1. Service point addressing: Port Address
2. Segmentation : Divided into transmittable segments with sequence
numbers
3. Connection Control
4. Flow Control
5. Session Multiplexing
6. Error Detection & Correction (resends)
7. Message reordering (reassembly)
Transport layer is responsible for the delivery of the message from one process to
another
e.g., TCP, UDP

APPLICATION LAYER
1. Network virtual terminal (e.g. usgs)
2.File transfer, access and management
3.Mail services
4.Directory services
Application layer is responsible for providing services to the user.
Source: Data Communications and Networking 5E, Forouzan Image Socure:
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/561050066049773076/?
lp=true

Relationship of layers and
Addresses in TCP/IP
Specific
Address
Image Source :
https://slideplayer.com/slide/5357044/

Thank you very much
http://www.isquareit.edu.in/

Introduction to TCP Protocol Suite

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