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GENERAL CONCEPT OF DHATU
The document discusses the concept of 'dhatu' in Ayurveda, which refers to the seven fundamental tissue elements (rasa, rakta, mamsa, meda, asthi, majja, shukra) that support bodily functions and development. It outlines the etymology, types, quantities, and functions of dhatu, as well as their nutritional requirements and genesis through various physiological processes. Additionally, it examines theoretical frameworks explaining nutrient transmission and transformation between dhatus and provides insights into their roles in human health and wellness.
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GENERAL CONCEPT OF DHATU
- 1. Concept of Dhatu Dr.Aniket A. Shilwant Assistant Professor GJPIASR
- 2. Table of Contents Concept of Dhatu – Etymology, Definition How many Dhatu? Physical Constitution of Dhatu Types of Dhatu Quantity of Dhatu - Pramaan General Locations of Dhatu Genesis of Dhatu Duration for genesis of Dhatu Nutrition of Dhatu General functions of Dhatu Updhatu of Dhatu Mala of Dhatu Concept of Dhatu Sarta Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 2
- 3. Nirukti - Etymology Dr.Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 3
- 4. Vyakhya - Definition Dr.Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 4
- 5. Concept of Dhatu Dha – Dharan – Support Dhatu – Dharan + Poshan – Support + Nutrition Which supports Sharir (Body), Mana (Psyche) and Prana (Life) Which is responsible for growth and development Which supports by constructive 7 tissue elements – Rasa, Rakta, Mamsa, Meda, Asthi, Majja and Shukra. Which are responsible for Origin, Sustainence and Destruction of Sharir Which gets easily contaminated or adultered or deviate into abnormality by the Dosha. Thus Dhatu are – Dushya Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 5
- 6. How many Dhatu? Dr.Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 6
- 7. How many Dhatu? Generally term Dhatu is used for – 7 formed tissue elements So dhatu generally dhatu are 7 – Rasa, Rakta, Mamsa, Meda, Asthi, Majja and Shukra But definition and etymological meaning of term Dhatu let us know that – Dosha and Mala in there normal states are also termed as – Dhatu. Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 7
- 8. Physical Constitution ofDhatu Sr. No Name of Dhatu As per Chakrapani As per Dalhan 1 Rasa Jala Jala 2 Rakta Teja + Jala Teja 3 Mamsa Pruthvi Pruthvi 4 Meda Pruthvi + Jala Pruthvi + Jala 5 Asthi Pruthvi + Vayu Pruthvi + Vayu + Teja 6 Majja Jala Jala 7 Shukra Jala Jala Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 8
- 9. Types of Dhatu Dhatu – Most important constructive element of body, should always be supplied with adequate amount of essential nutrients. By the virtue of physiological actions of Tridosha and Agni on the ingested complex of proximate principles (Ahara), ahara rasa is supplied and circulated throughout body. Ahara rasa, passes through all the channels (Dhatu vaha strotasa) with the help of Vayu. Every dhatu then after supplies this received nutrients to the next coming dhatu making it like a cascade – Paraspar dhatu sneha parampara. In such way thereafter, there are two forms of every dhatu – One in circulating state providing nutrition to next dhatu – Poshak / Asthayi dhatu / Dynamic form Other in stable state receiving nutrition and undergoing growth & development – Poshya / Sthayi dhatu / Static form Form of Dhatu which supports (Dharan) – Poshya / Sthayi dhatu / Static form Form of Dhatu which provides nutrition (Poshan) – Poshak / Asthayi dhatu / Dynamic form Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 9
- 10. Quantity of Dhatu-Pramaan Sr. No Name of Dhatu Physical Constitution 1 Anjali = 16 Tola / 4 Pala 1 Rasa 9 Anjali 2 Rakta 8 Anjali 3 Mamsa (Vasa) 3 Anjali 4 Mamsa (Peshi) Charak – 400 Sushrut – 500 (M), 520 (F) 5 Meda 2 Anjali 6 Asthi Charak – 360 Sushrut – 300 Modern – 206 7 Majja 1 Anjali 8 Shukra ½ Anjali Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 10
- 11. Locations of Dhatu Dhatu– Constructive framework of body Responsible for specific size, shape, dimensions, posture Significantly located in body in certain locations to achieve specific attire. Locations two types – General – Whole body Specific Specific locations of dhatu can be understood by – Strotasa – Storage part Specific Organ – Anatomical & Physiological understandings Kala – Limiting membranes separating every dhatu Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 11
- 12. Locations of Dhatu Rasa– Hridaya Continously circulated throughout body - Rasa-Rakta samvahan Rasavaha strotasa – Hridaya, Mahastrotasa, Rasavahi dhamni Rakta – Yakrut, Pliha – Raktavaha stroto mula & Raktadhara kala Continously circulated throughout body – Rasa-Rakta samvahan Rakatvaha strotasa – Raktavahi dhamni Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 12
- 13. Locations of Dhatu Mamsa– Vasa – Mamsagata sneha Mamsadhara – Layer of Skin Sira, Snayu, Dhamni – Mamsadhara kala Mamsavaha Strotasa – Snayu, Tvak, Raktvahi dhamni Meda – Medodhara kala – Udara, Anu Asthi (Sarakta meda) Medovaha strotasa – Vrukka, Vapavahan Vapavahan – Sneha vartika, Tail vartika Asthi – Asthivaha strotasa – Kati, Jaghan Asthidhara kala – Purishdhara kala Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 13
- 14. Locations of Dhatu Majja– Mastulunga – Mastakgata Majja – Brain Medodhara kala – Sthula Asthi Majjavaha strotasa – Asthi, Sandhi Majjadhara kala – Pittadhara kala Shukra – Shukradhara kala – Sarvasharir vyapi Shukravaha strotasa – Shefa, Vrushan, Stan, Shukravahi dhamni Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 14
- 15. Genesis of Dhatu Dr.Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 15 Teja part of Rasa to Rakta – Raktagni Ushma of Pitta (Ranjak) – Rasa to Ragkrut Rakta – Color impart – Bright red color Teja part of Rasa is acted upon by Raktagni & Ushma of Pitta which is achieved to physical form of Rakta. Jala mahabhut dominant rasa invades Yakrut & Pliha to achive Rakta form. Yakrut & Pliha – Ranjak pitta – Ranjak agni – Su.Su.21/10
- 16. Genesis of Dhatu Dr.Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 16 The sukshma part of Rakta dhatu with predominant components of Vayu + Jala + Teja acted upon by Mamsa dhatwagni – undergoes metabolism - attains more stability due to sthir guna and slightly reddish color – Mamsa dhatu Mamsa dhatu – Sthir guna (most significant attribute)
- 17. Genesis of Dhatu Dr.Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 17 Asthayi part of Mamsa dhatu circulated and provides nourishment to next – Meda dhatu. Meda dhatwagni – acts upon the – Vayu + Teja + Shleshma (Snigdha) properties of Mamsa dhatu – undergoes Metabolism – attains more unctuousness due to snigdha guna and extra whitish appearance due to Teja – Meda dhatu.
- 18. Genesis of Dhatu Dr.Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 18 Sukshma portion of Meda dhatu will nourish – Asthi dhatu Complex of Pruthvi + Agni + Vayu acted upon by – Asthi dhatwagni Imparting Kharata (roughness) to next dhatu – Asthi dhatu Attains more stable structural framework – skeleton – Pruthvi Mahabhuta Site for close association with Vayu (Ashraya-Ashrayibhav) – involved in locomotion
- 19. Genesis of Dhatu Dr.Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 19 Meda dhatu present over Asthi dhatu along with Mamsa dhatu. Vayu – due to sukshma guna – pierces hard Asthi dhatu – development of porous medullary cavity Vayu – Drags the supreme part of Snigdha guna of Meda dhatu encroaching within cavity and fills the gap of medullary cavity – Majja dhatu
- 20. Genesis of Dhatu Dr.Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 20 Vayu + Akash creates fine pores to the hard Asthi dhatu. The sukshma circulating part of Majja dhatu acted upon by Shukra dhatwagni, for poshan with its finest action – developing into bright white - Shukra dhatu. Snigdha guna of Majja dhatu – dribbles from Asthi dhatu – Shukra dhatu.
- 21. Duration for Genesisof each Dhatu Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 21 Sr. No Name of Dhatu As per Charak As per Sushrut 1 Rasa 1 Day 1st Day 2 Rakta 2 Days 5 Days 3 Mamsa 3 Days 10 Days 4 Meda 4 Days 15 Days 5 Asthi 5 Days 20 Days 6 Majja 6 Days 25 Days 7 Shukra 7 Days 30 Days
- 22. Nutrition of Dhatu Theoriesfor nutrition of Dhatu – Dhatu poshan nyaya – Liquid Tissues – Ahara Rasa – Rasa- Rakta Samvahan Extended view – Drugs passing through body to specific target structures - Law of Selectivity Half life of Drugs, First pass metabolism of drugs - Law of Transmission Drugs given as precursors converting them into required form inside body - Law of Transformation Spread of Opoids, Toxins - Law of Transmission & Law of Transportation (Circulation) Blood thinners (Antiplatelet aggregators) – Nutrition to fetus (Intrauterine life) – Dhatu rasayan – Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 22
- 23. Ksheerdadhi Nyaya –Law of Transformation As per this maxim, there is complete transformation of previous dhatu into the next dhatu as like milk completely transforms into curd later into butter then into clarified butter. This theory highlights the significance of own Dhatwagni. Sama dhatwagni – Complete metabolism & transformation Visham dhatwagni - Incomplete metabolism & transformation – leads to Ama dosha Ama dosha – Partially digested toxic products accumulated / stagnated at any dhatu level leading to Strotorodha Reasons for reforms in Ksheerdadhi Nyaya – In case of Langhan (for nearly a month), as per this theory all dhatu will be on mode of Devastating. At last there will be only one last dhatu remaining in body – Shukra. This is not seen practically. This law justifies conversion of Rasa into Rakta, Rakta into Mamsa and so on. There are certain medicines which directly nourishes and enhances Shukra (Sadya shukrakara dravya) and do not follow this theory. Deviation or abnormality in Rasa dhatu may lead to necessary abnormality in every next coming dhatu, but practically this is not seen. Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 23
- 24. Criteria to understandand accept this theory – Nutrients received by each dhatu is acted upon by own Dhatwagni and converted into 3 parts - Sthula (gross) portion – Undergoes growth & development of self & stationery form of dhatu Sukshma (subtle) portion – Fraction part circulated to provide nutrition to next coming dhatu Mala (residual) portion – It is the outcome of the metabolism at each dhatu level Ksheerdadhi Nyaya – Law of Transformation Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 24
- 25. Kedarikulya Nyaya –Law of Transmission It is suggestive of transmission of essential nutrients from one to another dhatu chronologically. It is also suggestive of the fact that once nutreints provided to any dhatu, it remains there till a specific period; as like the water in the water channels in field remains there until the first channel fills completely later on it is transmitted to next channel. In support to this – Time period of Ahara rasa staying at every dhatu level – 3015 kala Total time period – 18090 kala It states that only a fractional part of ahara rasa is transmitted to next dhatu via respective Dhatuvaha strotasa. It signifies the importance of – Paraspara dhatu sneha parampara – nutrition of dhatu is interdependent on each other – this justifies the concept of Anuloma and Pratiloma gati in specific disorders. Ex. Anuloma and Pratiloma kshay in Rajyakshama. Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 25
- 26. Khalekapot Nyaya –Law of Selectivity Ahara rasa is supplied and circulated throughout body. Dhatu are arranged from superficial to deep level. Every dhatu uplifts required nutreints as per their respective physical constitution. Ex. Rasa – Jala, Meda – Pruthvi+Jala, so on. This theory is suggestive of selectivity of nutrients from a complete nutrient pool as per the constitutional make up of dhatu. Also, every dhatu and its respective strotasa receiving nutrition will take time in its increasing limits as per the arrangements of all dhatu from superficial to deeper level. Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 26
- 27. Khalekapot Nyaya –Law of Selectivity Criteria for better understanding of this maxim – It is noted that, every dhatu gets nourished independently from the ahara rasa. Instead of being interdependent, all dhatu depends only on – Ahara rasa. This also justifes the independent pathological variations (Vruddhi and Kshay) of a single dhatu. Ekala dravya chikitsa, Dhatu rasayan chikitsa is understood by this theory. It also states the possibility of nutrition of shukra directly from milk due to shukra poshak amsha. This is due to guna samanya as per samanya vishesh siddhanta. Drava guna vruddhi – Rasa, Rakta, Shukra vruddhi Kshay of Mamsa poshak amsha – Mamsa kshay Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 27
- 28. Eka-kala Dhatuposhan Nyaya– Law of Transport or Circulation It highlights the importance of simultaneous transport and circulation of the nutrient pool throughout the body. There is no such fact of partiality and priority of dhatu to serve them first. Thus utilization of Vyana vayu – Mahajava, Shighragati Ahara rasa – Saman vayu – Rasa dhatu (Hridaya) Rasa dhatu (Hridaya) – Vyana vayu – Throughout body simulataneously at one time – Rasa-Rakta samvahana Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 28
- 29. General Functions ofDhatu Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 29
- 30. General Functions ofDhatu Sr. No Name of Dhatu Functions of Dhatu – Ayurved Modern considerations 1 Rasa Preenana (Ash.Hr & Su) Tushti, Rakta poshan, Tarpayati, Vardhayati, Dharayati Yapayati (Su) Plasma & PP - Nourishment Reserve proteins Immune response (Gamma globulin) Transport media (Albumin & alpha, beta globulin) Clotting of blood (Fibrinogen) Lymph – Immunity Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 30
- 31. General Functions ofDhatu Sr. No Name of Dhatu Functions of Dhatu – Ayurved Modern considerations 2 Rakta Jeevana (Ash.Hr & Su) Varna Prasad Mamsa poshan (Su) Livelihood Transport of Gases Transport media – Hormones, enzymes, drugs 3 Mamsa Lepan (Ash.Hr) Sharir poshan Meda poshan (Su) Motor activities Neuro -Muscular coordination 4 Meda Snehan (Ash.Hr & Su) Svedan Asthi poshan Asthi drudta (firmness) (Su) Insulation Temperature balance Impulse conduction (Myelin sheath) Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 31
- 32. General Functions ofDhatu Sr. No Name of Dhatu Functions of Dhatu – Ayurved Modern considerations 5 Asthi Dharan (Ash.Hr & Su) Majja poshan (Su.) Avalamban (Hemadri) Skeletal framework Posture maintainence 6 Majja Puran (Ash.Hr) Snehan Bala Shukra poshan Asthi puran (Su) Marrow - Hemopoeisis Provides adipocytes, cartilages, osteocytes Brain & Nerve fibers – Sensation- Interpretation-Response Coordination Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 32
- 33. General Functions ofDhatu Sr. No Name of Dhatu Functions of Dhatu – Ayurved Modern considerations 7 Shukra Garbha utpadana (Ash.Hr & Su) Dhairya Chyavan Priti Deha bala Harsha (Su) Gametogenesis & Conception Vigour, Vitality, Sexual characteristics at puberty Nutrition (Milk feeding Lactation) Purification (Mesntruation) Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 33
- 34. Updhatu of Dhatu Sr.No Dhatu Charak Samhita Sushruta Samhita Ashtang Hridaya Sharangdhar Samhita 1 Rasa Stanya Artava Stanya Artava - Stanya 2 Rakta Sira Kandara - Sira Kandara Artava 3 Mamsa Vasa Shat-tvacha Vasa Vasa Tvacha Vasa 4 Meda Snayu Sira Snayu Snayu Sandhi Sveda 5 Asthi - - - Danta 6 Majja - - - Kesha & Loma 7 Shukra - - - Oja Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 34
- 35. Mala of Dhatu Sr.No Dhatu Charak Samhita Sushruta Samhita Ashtang Hridaya Ashtang Samgraha Sharangdhar Samhita 1 Rasa Kapha Kapha Kapha Kapha Lasika Jivha-Netra-Kapol Jala 2 Rakta Pitta Pitta Pitta Pitta Ranjaka pitta 3 Mamsa Kha-Mala Kha-Mala Kha-Mala Karna,Akshi, Nasa, Romakupa, Prajanananga mala Jivhamala Karna mala 4 Meda Sveda Sveda Sveda Sveda Jivha-danta-kasha- shishna-andakosha mala 5 Asthi Kesha Loma Nakha Loma Nakha Loma Nakha Nakha Loma Kesha Nakha 6 Majja Akshimala Tvak sneha Netramala Tvakmala Netramala Tvaksneha Netramala Tvak sneha Netrasneha Mukhasneha 7 Shukra - - Oja - Tarunya pitika Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 35
- 36. Concept of DhatuSarta Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 36 Sara is the nectar of Dhatu The supreme or excellent or purest and finest state of dhatu. Sara reflected in terms of - physical and psychological Bala-Strength. Potency to overcome any pathological ailment.
- 37. Importance of DhatuSarta Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 37 Uses of Sarta Pariksha – For evaluation of Bala Dhatu Rasayan Chikitsa Vyadhishamatva For better progeny Choosing profession
- 38. Thank You All!!! Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant Assistant Professor GJP-IASR Email – [email protected] http://ayugjac.edu.in/Staff_CV.aspx?dl=dn3Mja19480dn3Mja19 http://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=636K2sMAAAAJ&hl=en https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aniket_Shilwant