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Concept and Scope of Disaster Nursing.pptx
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- 3. Solapur, India. Sep27, 2025 - An aerial view of the flood-affected Hatur village in the Solapur district shows the impact of heavy rains that have been battering Marathwada and Western Maharashtra. In just the past four days, eight people have lost their lives, and more than 150 villages have been affected by the intense downpour. Solapur, India. Sep 27, 2025.
- 5. Objectives After this session,participants will be able to: • Define disaster and disaster nursing and explain core concepts. • Describe classification and types of disasters. • Explain the phases of disaster management and the nurse's role in each phase. • Identify disaster nursing competencies and curriculum links to INC syllabus. • Apply disaster nursing principles to planning, response, and recovery.
- 6. Disaster A disaster isa sudden, catastrophic event that causes significant damage, disruption, destruction, and human suffering, exceeding the affected community or society's ability to cope with its own resources. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO, 2002): “A disaster is any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health services on a scale sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area.”
- 7. Disaster According to theInternational Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC, 2017): “A disaster is a sudden, calamitous event that seriously disrupts the functioning of a community or society, causing human, material, economic or environmental losses which exceed the community’s ability to cope using its own resources.”
- 8. Key Features ofa Disaster • Sudden onset: Usually occurs unexpectedly and rapidly. • Significant impact: Causes major loss of life, property, and environment. • Disruption: Interrupts the normal functioning of society. • Overwhelming resources: Local capacity is insufficient to manage the situation. • Need for external aid: Requires help from state, national, or international agencies.
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- 10. Natural Disaster • Naturaldisasters are caused by natural forces beyond human control. They result from sudden or gradual changes in the environment and often lead to large-scale loss of life and property. • Natural Disasters are further classified as – • Geographical • Hydrological • Metrological • Biological
- 11. Natural Disaster • Geographicaldisasters are caused by movements of Earth’s crust. • E.g. – Earthquakes, Volcanic Eruptions, Landslides, tsunamis, etc. • Hydrological disasters are caused by changes in water movement or distribution • E.g. – Flood, Flash Flood, Coastal Erosion. • Meteorological disasters are related to atmospheric and climatic conditions • E.g. – Cyclones, Typhoons, Heat Waves, Cold Waves, Droughts, etc. • Biological disasters are caused by biological agents and exposure to diseases. • E.g. – Epidemic, Pandemic, Bioterrorism, etc
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- 13. Man-made Disaster • Man-madedisasters occur due to human actions, negligence, or failure of systems and technologies. • Man-made Disasters are further classified as – • Industrial and Technological disasters • Transport Accidents • Fire and Explosion disasters • Wars and Terrorism
- 14. Man-made Disaster • Industrialand Technological disasters are caused by accidents and failures in industrial or technological systems • E.g. – Nuclear accidents, Factory explosion, etc • Transportation accidents are caused due to accidents of vehicles, ships and aircraft. • E.g. – Road, Rail or air accidents, Plane crash, Shipwrecks, etc • Fire and explosion disasters are caused by accidental or deliberate ignition of material • E.g. – industrial fire, urban fire breakout, forest fire, etc. • Warfare and terrorism disasters are caused by deliberate acts of violence and destruction. • E.g. – Bomb blast, Chemical or biological warfare, civil conflicts, etc
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- 16. Miscellaneous or ComplexDisaster • These involve multiple causes and often occur in combination with other disasters • Examples of – • Refugee crises • Famines due to war or drought • Environmental pollution (oil spills and deforestation) • Socio-political emergencies.
- 17. Importance of Classificationfor Nurses • Helps in preparedness and planning for specific types of disasters. • Aids in resource allocation and risk assessment. • Supports training programs and simulation exercises. • Enhances nursing interventions based on the nature of the disaster
- 18. Phases of DisasterManagement
- 19. Concept of DisasterNursing The concept of disaster nursing is based on the principle of delivering holistic nursing care under extreme conditions caused by natural or man-made disasters. It is an extension of community health nursing, combining emergency care, public health principles, and crisis management to safeguard life and health.
- 20. Concept of DisasterNursing Disaster nursing integrates nursing science with public health and emergency management to ensure efficient, timely, and ethical care during disasters. Nurses play a crucial role from prevention to recovery, working at the individual, family, and community levels.
- 21. Definition of DisasterNursing “Disaster nursing is the adaptation of professional nursing knowledge, skills, and attitude in recognizing and meeting the physical and psychological health needs of people affected by a disaster.” - World Health Organization
- 22. Definition of DisasterNursing “Disaster nursing involves the application of nursing knowledge for the prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery phases of disasters to preserve the health and well- being of individuals and communities.” - International Council of Nurses (ICN, 2009)
- 23. Definition of DisasterNursing “Disaster nursing is the systematic and flexible utilisation of nursing skills to reduce the health consequences of disasters and restore community health.” - American Nurses Association (2014)
- 24. Definition of DisasterNursing Disaster nursing emphasises preparedness, prevention, mitigation, response, and rehabilitation strategies within nursing care to minimise morbidity and mortality during disasters. - Indian Nursing Council (INC)
- 25. Key Elements ofthe Concept • Preparedness: Developing skills, plans, and resources before a disaster occurs. • Response: Providing immediate nursing care during and after the disaster to save lives. • Recovery: Assisting in the rehabilitation and restoration of health and community systems. • Mitigation: Reducing the severity and impact of future disasters through education and preventive measures. • Coordination: Collaborating with health teams, NGOs, government agencies, and disaster management authorities.
- 26. Goals of DisasterNursing • To save lives and reduce suffering. • To maintain human dignity and provide compassionate care. • To prevent and control the spread of disease. • To restore community health and promote long-term recovery.
- 27. Scope of DisasterNursing Disaster nursing extends beyond hospital care—it includes community- based, pre-hospital, and global humanitarian roles where nurses act as frontline responders, educators, leaders, and advocates. The scope of nursing can be discussed in different terms as - 1. In terms of Disaster Management 2. In terms of levels of nursing practices 3. In terms of Nursing Role 4. In terms of Setting 5. In terms of Education and Training 6. In terms of the Ethics and Legal aspect. 7. In term of Research and Policy development
- 28. Scope in Termsof Phases of Disaster Management Prevention and Mitigation Phase • Health education on disaster risk reduction. • Promoting safe housing, sanitation, and vaccination. • Identifying vulnerable populations (elderly, children, disabled). • Implementing infection control and environmental health programs. • Developing policies and community awareness programs.
- 29. Scope in Termsof Phases of Disaster Management Preparedness Phase • Participating in disaster drills and simulation training. • Preparing emergency kits and triage protocols. • Developing community and hospital disaster plans. • Coordinating with disaster management committees and NGOs. • Educating community members about first aid and emergency response.
- 30. Scope in Termsof Phases of Disaster Management Response Phase Providing emergency medical and nursing care (first aid, triage, resuscitation). Managing mass casualties, burns, trauma, and communicable diseases. Ensuring infection control in overcrowded or resource-limited settings. Offering psychological first aid and emotional support. Coordinating evacuation, shelter management, and relief distribution.
- 31. Scope in Termsof Phases of Disaster Management Recovery and Rehabilitation Phase Providing long-term physical and psychological rehabilitation. Conducting follow-up visits and community reassessment. Supporting social reintegration and livelihood restoration. Participating in the evaluation and documentation of disaster response. Contributing to policy formulation and rebuilding resilient health systems.
- 32. Scope in Termsof Levels of Nursing Practice Individual Level • Delivering direct nursing care to disaster victims. • Managing acute injuries, burns, fractures, and infections. • Providing mental health and crisis counselling. Family Level • Assisting families in relocation, reunification, and recovery. • Educating family members on hygiene, nutrition, and disease prevention.
- 33. Scope in Termsof Levels of Nursing Practice • Community Level • Coordinating with community leaders and health workers. • Conducting community assessments and health surveillance. • Participating in immunisation and epidemic control programs. • Institutional Level • Developing hospital emergency preparedness plans. • Training nursing staff and students in disaster protocols. • Managing logistics, supplies, and communication systems.
- 34. Scope in Termsof Levels of Nursing Practice National and International Level • Collaborating with National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), NDRF, WHO, Red Cross, and UN agencies. • Participating in humanitarian aid missions and public health emergency responses.
- 35. Scope in Termsof Nursing Roles Role Scope of Activity Care Provider Delivers direct care to injured and displaced individuals. Educator Provides health education and conducts disaster awareness programs. Leader/Manager Plans, organizes, and supervises disaster relief operations. Researcher Conducts research on disaster preparedness, response, and community resilience. Communicator Coordinates with multidisciplinary teams, media, and the public. Advocate Ensures ethical care, human rights, and access to healthcare during crises.
- 36. Scope in Termsof Settings • Hospital and Emergency Departments – critical care, triage, burn care, and trauma management. • Community and Public Health – preventive and promotive interventions. • Rural and Urban Areas – outreach care for affected populations. • Evacuation Centres and Relief Camps – managing basic health services and sanitation. • Military and Paramilitary Services – disaster and conflict zone nursing. • International Humanitarian Operations – collaborating with WHO, UNICEF, and the Red Cross.
- 37. Function of aDisaster Nurse 1. Assessment and Surveillance Functions • Rapid assessment of the disaster situation. • Identification of victims, vulnerable groups, and health needs. • Continuous monitoring of disease outbreaks and environmental risks. • Collecting and reporting health data. 2. Preventive and Mitigation Functions • Identifying hazards and risk-prone areas. • Conducting health education and awareness programs. • Promoting safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). • Supporting immunisation and disease-prevention activities.
- 38. Function of aDisaster Nurse 3. Preparedness Functions • Participating in the development of disaster plans (hospital/community). • Organising mock drills, simulations, and emergency training. • Preparing triage kits, first aid kits, and emergency supplies. • Training community members in CPR, first aid, and safety measures. 4. Triage and Emergency Response Functions • Performing triage using START or colour-coding systems. • Providing first aid, resuscitation, and stabilisation. • Managing acute conditions—burns, fractures, bleeding, shock, trauma. • Initiating emergency interventions (IV fluids, oxygen, wound care).
- 39. Function of aDisaster Nurse 5. Clinical Care and Treatment Functions • Delivering direct nursing care to injured victims. • Administering medications and monitoring vital signs. • Preventing complications and ensuring continuity of care. • Managing chronic illness patients displaced during disasters. 6. Public Health and Environmental Health Functions • Ensuring safe water, sanitation, shelter, and waste disposal. • Preventing communicable diseases in relief camps. • Maintaining food hygiene and vector control.Conducting community health surveillance.
- 40. Function of aDisaster Nurse 7. Psychological and Psychosocial Support Functions • Providing psychological first aid. • Counselling individuals experiencing shock, fear, grief, or loss. • Supporting children, the elderly, and trauma victims. • Helping in family tracing and reunification. 8. Communication and Coordination Functions • Communicating with multidisciplinary disaster teams. • Coordinating with local authorities, NGOs, NDRF, and NDMA. • Maintaining documentation, patient records, and situation reports. • Supporting evacuation, transport, and crowd management.
- 41. Function of aDisaster Nurse 9. Administrative and Managerial Functions • Organising relief camps, shelters, and treatment zones. • Managing supplies, logistics, and distribution systems. • Supervising health workers and volunteers. • Implementing safety and infection control protocols. 10. Recovery and Rehabilitation Functions • Providing long-term physical and psychological rehabilitation. • Conducting follow-up visits and community reintegration programs. • Supporting rebuilding of homes, livelihoods, and health systems. • Documenting experiences for future preparedness.
- 42. Function of aDisaster Nurse 11. Educational and Training Functions • Educating survivors on hygiene, nutrition, and disease prevention. • Training staff, students, and volunteers in disaster skills. • Conducting community awareness programs on disaster preparedness. • Demonstrating emergency techniques (bandaging, splinting, CPR). 12. Research and Evaluation Functions • Researching disaster management outcomes. • Evaluating effectiveness of disaster response. • Identifying gaps and recommending improvements. • Contributing to policies, guidelines, and evidence-based practice.
- 43. Summary • Disaster nursingintegrates emergency care, public health, and humanitarian principles. • Focuses on mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. • Key functions: assessment, triage, emergency care, public health measures, psychological support, rehabilitation. • Ensures disease prevention, reduced mortality, and community safety. • Promotes coordinated, efficient, and ethical care during crises. • Essential for strengthening resilience and restoring community health.
- 44. Conclusion • Disaster nursingis vital for reducing the health impact of disasters. • Nurses serve as frontline responders providing lifesaving and holistic care. • Requires strong clinical skills, leadership, and rapid decision- making. • Supports physical, emotional, and social recovery. • Enhances community preparedness and resilience. • Investment in disaster nursing training and policies is essential. • Ensures compassionate, coordinated, and effective care during emergencies.
- 45. Closing Statement Disasters shakethe world, but nurses help it stand again. With compassion and courage, we bring hope where it is needed most. Thank you.