Computing fundamentals lab record - Polytechnics

COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS
LAB RECORD
Name :
Register Number :
Period :
Department of Civil Engineering
Government Polytechnic College Manjeri
Malappuram, India – 676123

COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS
LAB RECORD
Department of Civil Engineering
Government Polytechnic College Manjeri
Malappuram, India – 676123

Lecturer in charge
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
All the ……… experiments are verified.
No Name of the Experiment Date Marks Page
1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER COMPONENTS
2 OPERATING SYSTEMS
3 BURNING CONTENTS TO A DISC
4 WORD PROCESSING – RESUME PREPARATION
5 WORD PROCESSING – SEMINAR REPORT
6
SPREADSHEET MANAGEMENT – PROGRESS
REPORT
7 PRESENTATION MANAGEMENT
8 INTRODUCTION TO ONLINE TERMINOLOGIES
9 EMAIL ID CREATION
10 INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING
11 ADDITION OF TWO NUMBERS
12 AVERAGE OF THREE NUMBERS
13 AREA OF TRIANGLE
14 VOLUME OF CYLINDER
15 TEMPERATURE CONVERSION
16 LARGEST OF TWO NUMBERS
17 LARGEST OF THREE NUMBERS
18 ODD OR EVEN
19 ROOTS OF QUADRATIC EQUATION
20 CHARACTER NAME OF THE DAY
21 NATURAL NUMBERS
22 FACTORIAL OF A NUMBER
23 MULTIPLICATION TABLE
24 SUM OF DIGITS
25 GRADE CALCULATION

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS IN
COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS LAB
 Students should report to the lab on time
 Students should wear uniform in complete
 Students who turn up late to the labs will in no case be permitted to
perform the experiment scheduled for the day unless there is a valid
reason.
 Students should wear identity cards throughout the lab.
 After completion of the experiment, certification ofthe staff in-charge
concerned is necessary.
 Students should shut down the system and switch off the power
after completion of the experiment.
 Any damage inside lab will be viewed seriously by putting suitable
penalty.

Exp No: 1 Date:
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER COMPONENTS
AIM
To identify the internal and external hardware/peripheral components.
THEORY
HARDWARE
Physical parts of a computer that can touch. Eg:- Monitor, Keyboard,
Processor, RAM, etc.
SOFTWARE
Collection of programs that perform some particular task in an operating
system. They are of two types.
1. System Software
Eg: Operating systems like Windows, Ubuntu
2. Application software
Eg:- MS Office software, Photoshop, AutoCAD
FIRMWARE
Set of instructions programmed on a hardware device. Can say something
between software and a hardware.
Eg: ROM

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMPUTER
CPU – Central Processing Unit
ALU – Arithmetic and Logical Unit
CU – Control Unit
MU – Memory Unit
Input devices: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Light Pen
Output devices: Printer, Monitor, Plotter, Projector
Storage devices: Hard disk, Pen drives, CD, DVD, memory cards
CD – Compact Disk
DVD – Digital Versatile Disk

PROCESSOR:
Main execution component of a computer which contains control unit, ALU
and cache memory. Eg:- Core i5, i7 etc.
Intel is the largest processor manufacturer for Desktops and Servers whereas
Qualcomm is major company for quadcore/ octa core Snapdragon
smartphone processors
MOTHERBOARD:
Most important hardware componentas all other components are connected
to it and communicate through it. USB ports, graphics, sound, wifi,
Bluetooth, etc are integrated in motherboard. Eg: - Intel, AMD, Asus, Gigabyte
CHIPSET:
It is a set of electronic components in an integrated circuit that manages the
data flow between the processor, memory and peripherals. It is usually
found on the motherboard.

HARD DISK:
Hard disk is a magnetic device that saves data and files permanently in a
computer. It is referred as HDD (Hard Disk Drive). SSD (Solid State Drive) is
faster than HDD.
RAM:
RAM means RandomAccess Memory. Itis a temporarystorage and referred
as Volatile memory. Means when the computer is shut down, anything stored
in RAM will lost. Size of the RAM decides speed of execution. The more the
size, more data and program can placed in RAM and quickly delivered to
processor
ROM
ROM mean ReadOnly Memory. It is a non-volatile memory. It is a built-
in memory. It is a firmware.

BIOS:
BIOS means Basic Input/Output System. It is a computer chip on the
motherboard. It is a non-volatile firmware used to perform hardware
initialization during the booting process.
CMOS:
Small battery that stores information about the computer components
settings like system time, date and other configuration settings.
RESULT
Identified various internal and external hardware components ofacomputer.

Exp No: 2 Date:
OPERATING SYSTEMS
AIM
To familiarize with Windows operating system.
THEORY
OPERATING SYSTEM
An operating system is system software that manages computer hardware
and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.
It is an intermediary between user and computer hardware. Eg:- Windows,
Linux, Unix, MacOS
BOOTING
Process ofloading the operating systeminto mainmemory is called booting.
FILE MANAGEMENT
Process of copying/moving/modifying files in a computer is called file
management. They are mainly,
A) CREATING A NEW FOLDER :
Right click the mouse  New  Folder
B) COPYING A FILE / FOLDER:
Right click mouse on the file/folder to copy  Click ‘Copy’
C) PASTING A FILE / FOLDER:
Go to required file/folder  Right click mouse  ‘Paste’
D) MOVING A FILE / FOLDER:
Right click on file/folder to move  Click ‘Cut’  goto required new
location  Right click the mouse  Click ‘Paste’

E) DELETING A FILE / FOLDER:
Right click on the file/folder  Click on ‘Delete’
F) RENAMING A FILE / FOLDER:
Right click on the file  Click on ‘Rename’  Enter the new name of the
file  Press ‘Enter’.
REGULAR SHORTKEYS IN FILE MANAGEMENT
1. Ctrl + A = Select All
2. Ctrl + C = Copy
3. Ctrl + P = Print
4. Ctrl + V = Paste
5. Ctrl + X = Cut
6. F2 = Rename
7. Alt + Tab = App / window Switching
RECYCLE BIN
Spaceallotted for storage of deleted files.
RESULT
Familiarized windows operating system and its various file management
procedures.

Exp No: 3 Date:
BURNING CONTENTS INTO A DISC
AIM
To familiarize the procedure to burn contents into a disc
THEORY
To "burn" a CD simply means to copyor write information onto a compact
disc, or CD. CD drives that are capable to writing CDs will use a laser to burn
the information onto the underside of the CD and allow it to be read in CD
players or CD-ROM drives.
PROCEDURE
1. Place an empty disc into your CD/DVD writable drive.
2. A burn disc wizard will appear on screen; give the disc a title, then choose
the option Like a USB flash drive.
3. Click Next, then wait while the disc is prepared for use.
4. Open drive containing your DVD-R or CD-R. Then drag and drop any
files you want to write to the disc.
5. Click Write to Disc.
RESULT
Familiarized the procedureof burning contents into a disc

Exp No: 4 Date:
WORD PROCESSING – RESUME PREPARATION
AIM
To prepare a resume using Microsoft Word.
THEORY
Word processing software helps us to design and producetext documents that
can include graphics, tables, or charts. Eg:- MS Word, Libre Office writer
FONT RIBBON
Font ribbon contains tools to deal with font characteristics.
1 Font To pick a new font for text
2 Font Size To change size of text
3 A To increase font size Ctrl + >
4 A To decrease font size Ctrl + <
5 Aa To change case of text
6 To clear all formattings
7 B Bold Ctrl + B
8 I Italic Ctrl + I
9 U Underline Ctrl + U
10 abc Strikethrough
11 X2 Subscript Ctrl + =
12 X2 Superscript Ctrl + Shift + =
13 Highlighter, Colour changer

PARAGRAPH RIBBON
1 Bullets
2 Numbering
3 Multilevel List
4 To move paragraph closer or further from margin
5 To sort in alphabetical/increasing/decreasing order
6 Align left/middle/right/Justify
7 Line spacing
8 Shading
9 To make borderlines visible or hidden
DOCUMENT FORMATS
1 ODF Open Document format
2 DOC Document
3 PDF Portable Document Format
REGULAR SHORTKEYS
1. Ctrl + B = Bold
2. Ctrl + I = Italic
3. Ctrl + N = New
4. Ctrl + O = Open
5. Ctrl + S = Save
6. Ctrl + U = Underline
7. Ctrl + Y = Redo
8. Ctrl + Z = Undo

PROCEDURE
1. Open MS Word application.
2. Save the document : File  Save  filename.docx
3. Set the page size : Layout  Page setup Ribbon  Size  A4
4. Set Page Margin: Layout  Page setup Ribbon  Margins 
Custom margins  Type required details
5. Page orientation: Layout  Orientation  Portrait/Landscape
6. Select required font, size and details: Home  Font Ribbon  Font,
Size, and other details like Bold, Italic, Underline or strikethrough.
7. Type and arrange the required matter and format it as per the
requirements.
8. To insert picture: Copy the required image  Right click the mouse
 Paste as per requirement (Ctrl + V).
a. From Layout options  Select ‘Behind text’
b. Double click on inserted image to format it.
Eg: - To change colour, to crop the image, and to wrap image
with text.
9. Insert Basic shapes: Insert  Illustrations  Shapes  Choose
required shape and click on it to insert.
10.Insert table: Insert  Tables Ribbon  Table  Choose required
size or type custom values for rows and columns/ Draw table.
11.Complete the text and image modifications. Save the document.
12.Create PDF: File  Export  Create PDF
RESULT
Prepared a resume using MS Word

Exp No: 5 Date:
WORD PROCESSING – SEMINAR REPORT
AIM
To prepare a model outline of seminar report using references tools.
THEORY
Seminar reports are prepared as per the guidelines provided by the
institution. It is recommended to use ‘Referenced’ documentthan simply typed
ones. In a referenced document, page numbers and table of contents get auto
updated when we make changes in document. Forthis, headings should bedone
using the ‘Styles ribbon’ option and proper steps to be followed.
STYLES RIBBON
We can set different styles and headings using styles ribbon. Better follow
below guidelines while using these tools.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Set Times New Roman, Size = 13, in the ‘Normal’ style.
2. Set Heading 1 by properly modifying the style. To modify style,
Right click on the ‘Heading 1’ style  Modify
3. Similarly set all headings using styles option as per guidelines.
4. Add contents under each heading.

5. Go to the first page  References  Table of contents and choose an
automatic style.
6. If you make changes to your document that affect the table of contents,
update the table of contents by right-clicking the table of contents and
choosing Update Field.
TABLE OF FIGURES
We can list and organize the figures, pictures, or tables in our report
by creating a table of figures, much like a table of contents. First add captions
to your figures, and then use the Insert Table of Figures command on the
References tab. Word then searches the document for your captions and
automatically adds a list of figures, sorted by page number.
PAGE BREAK
1. Put your cursor where you want one page to end and the next to begin.
2. Go to Insert  Page Break.
NOTE
To add sample texts, you can use:
1. Type ‘=lorem()’ and press Enter or
2. Type ‘=rand()’ and type Enter

ADD A BORDER TO A PAGE
1. Select Design  Page Borders.
2. Make selections for how you want the border to look.
Note: To adjust the distance between the border and the edge of the page,
select Options in the Borders and Shading dialog box.
INSERT A HEADER OR FOOTER
1. Go to Insert  Header  Choose the header style to use.
2. Add or change text for the header or footer.
3. Select Close Header and Footer or press Esc to exit.
INSERT PAGE NUMBERS
1. Select Insert  Page Number, and then choose the location and style.
2. If you don'twant a page number to appear on the first page, select Different
First Page.
3. If you want numbering to start with 1 on the second page, go to Page
Number  Format Page Numbers, and set Start at to 0.
4. When you're done, select Close Header and Footer or press Esc.

PROCEDURE
1. Open MS Word and save the document.
2. Add HEADINGS using Styles ribbon: Home  Styles  Headings
3. Contents are added under each heading and sub headings.
4. Numbering should be defined properly:
a. Go to Home  Paragraph ribbon  Multilevel list
5. From references, add ‘Table of Contents’.
6. Similarly, as per need you can add list of tables and list of figures from the
References menu under various ribbon.
7. Add more chapters and contents. Setheadings. Click onthe table ofcontents
 Update table  Update entire table to get the whole new contents
updated in table of contents section.
RESULT
Prepared a model outline for seminar report.

Exp No: 6 Date:
SPREADSHEET MANAGEMENT – PROGRESS REPORT
AIM
To prepare progress report using MS Excel.
THEORY
Spreadsheet applications like MS Excel, Libre Office calc, etc are used to
calculate, analyse and manage data.
BASIC STRUCTURE
1. Row – Horizontal entities named as 1,2,3, etc in left side of spreadsheet
2. Column – Vertical entities named as A, B, C, etc in top side of spreadsheet.
3. Cell – Intersection of a row and column is a cell. The cell on which the
selection is called active cell. Data is entered into cells.
4. Different from MS Word, we have FORMULA and DATA MENU at top

ARRANGING DATA
1. Data is entered in the active cell.
2. Page Layout and margins are set : Page Layout  Size  A4
If we select A4, we can see a dotted line as the limits.
3. Length and width of rows and columns can be adjusted by ‘click and drag’
mouse over the borders of rows and columns.
4. Alignment options:
a. Middle align:Align text so that it is cantered between top and bottom
of the cell
b. Orientation: to change text direction – Horizontal (default), vertical
or inclined.
c. Wrap text : Wrap extra-long text into multiple lines so that you can
see all of it.
d. Merge & Center : Combine and centre the contents of the selected
cells in a new larger cell. This is a great way to create a label that
spans multiple columns.
5. Using Insert menu, shapes, charts and shapearts can beadded. Symbols and
equations can also inserted from insert menu.

6. To provide border markings use the ‘Border’ option’
Home  Font  Border
7. To get continuous numbers in a column, type 1 and 2 in first and second
row. Select both. Move mouse to bottom right portion of the selection;
‘Click and Drag’ the mouse as per the last number needed.
WORKING WITH DATA
1. ADDING NUMBERS
a. Select a cell where we need to display the result.
b. Type ‘=SUM ( ’ in that cell
c. Select the range of numbers to add [Eg: =SUM(B3:B11) ]
d. Close the bracket by typing ‘)’ and press Enter.
e. Result will be displayed in the selected ‘result cell’.

2. FORMULA BASED CALCULATIONS
a. Select the ‘Result cell’
b. Type‘= (‘ and input the equation inside it. Closethe bracket‘)’. Enter
c. Note that we need to select respective address cells instead of
equation variables. Eg: To solve equation (2A + 3B), follow below
steps
3. SORTING
a. Application: AZ (alphabetical order) sorting orto arrange numbers
in ascending or descending order
b. Select the range of data to sort
c. Home  Editing  Sort & Filter  Sort smallest to largest
4. REPLACE SOME TEXTS
a. Application: if you commit a mistake entry and uses multiple times
across the spreadsheet/documentyou can replace all in a single click.
b. Goto Home  Editing  Find & Select  Replace
c. Type in ‘ Find what’ and in ‘Replace with’
5. REMOVING DUPLICATE ENTRIES
a. Application: If you are preparing name list and some of names are
entered multiple times, you can remove the duplicates in a single
click.
b. Select the range of data to check for duplicates
c. Goto Data  Data tools  Remove Duplicates
d. Duplicates will be removed from the selected range

6. APPLY FILTERING
a. Application: If there are Males and Females in a list. You need to sort
out Males only.
b. Select the column of GENDER by clicking on the column head
c. Go to Data  Sort & Filter  Filter
PROCEDURE
1. Open MS Excel and save the spreadsheet
2. Set up the page layout to A4: Page Layout  Size  A4
3. Prepare the outline of progress report using tools in font and alignment
ribbon. Apply borders appropriately.
4. To merge two cells together:
Select required cells  Home  Alignment Ribbon  Merge & Center
5. Enter marks data for various subjects and apply required functional
operations to find total, percentage and CGPA.
a. Total marks (Out of 100) = Mat + Eng + Phy + Che + CF + H&P
b. Percentage = (Total marks /600) * 100
6. To change cell width and height: Select required cells  Home  Cells 
Format  Row Height / Column width.
7. After completing editing, export the file as PDF.
RESULT
Progress report is prepared using MS Excel.

Exp No: 7 Date:
PRESENTATION MANAGEMENT
AIM
To prepare a presentation using MS PowerPoint.
THEORY.
Presentation packages are used as a toolwhile presenting different seminars,
projects and classes. Examples of presentation packages are MS PowerPoint
and Open Office Impress.
GUIDELINES FOR A GOOD AND EASY PRESENTATION
1. Develop a framework of entire presentation using pen and paper.
2. First type complete things in respective slides. Then start editing phase.
3. Fonts:
a. Avoid complete sentences in slide. Make it short, and write down
the core words/hints.
b. Recommended fonts in PPT:Tahoma, Andalus, Helvetica
c. Don’t use ‘Times New Roman’. Its for documentations.
d. Minimum font size in a slide : 24
e. Use one or two fonts through out the presentation.
4. Slide Management:
a. It’s better to have more slides than trying to place too much text
on one slide
b. One conceptin one slide
c. Don’t plan more than 5 bullets in a slide
d. Don’t use default designs/ themes, etc
e. Reduce texts & focus on illustrations/graphs: Insert  Smart Art
f. Use the spacecreatively and effectively.

g. Animate the illustrations in a minimum level
h. Align contents properly
i. Copy-pasteslides instead of using ‘new slide’ (saves time)
j. Use ‘Duplicate slide’ for faster works.
k. Add short notes if needed (Bottom of slide, can see in presenter
view, not seen to audients)
5. Image editing:
a. It is easy to copy-pasteimages from online (Eg: google)
b. ‘Snipping tool’ and ‘PrntScr’ can be used for selection.
c. Properly crop the image:
Double click image  Picture format  Size  Crop / Crop to
required shape.
d. Clarity clearance:
Double click on image Picture format  Adjust  Corrections
6. Equations, Tables and Graphs:
a. Insert  Equations
b. Insert  Table
c. Insert  Chart
7. Video, Audio, and screen recording:
a. Insert  Media  Video, trim video if needed. Controlcan be
changed in such a way that – Play on click/Auto.
b. Insert  Media  Audio
c. Insert  Media  Screen recording
8. Animations and transitions:
a. Reduce use of animations in professional slides. Use only when
needed.
b. Go to Animations menu and select suitable animation.
c. Go to transitions and select suitable one for each. Better to use
simple transitions and throughout same transition.

9. Presentation:
a. The file can be saved as PDF/Image/Video
b. Presenter view  Helps to know what slide is coming next
c. Use slide presenter / mobile apps to control/mirror screens.
d. Presentation speed:maximum 1-3 slides per minute
e. Never read the slides in total
f. Use pen and highlighter to emphasize points while presenting.
g. Always have a backup plan (Plan B – in case of any issues) –
Handouts of slides (8 in 1)
h. Presenting shortcuts:
i. Pen  Ctrl + P
ii. Highlighter  Ctrl + I
iii. To hide all inks on screen  Ctrl + M
iv. Erase all  E
v. Laser point  Ctrl + L
PROCEDURE
1. Open MS PowerPoint and save the file.
2. SET PAGE SIZE: Design  Customize ribbon  Slide size  Select as
per requirements. For classrooms size 4:3 is good.
3. Delete all default text boxes seeing on the first slide : Click anywhere in
slide outside text box  Select All (Ctrl + A)  Delete
4. SET A BACKGROUND THEME for the work.
a. Prepare a background theme  Select All (Ctrl + A)  Right click
the mouse  Save picture as  Save it in any known location.
b. Select All (Ctrl + A)  Delete
c. Right click the mouse  Format background  Picture or Texture
fill  Insert picture from  File  Select the saved theme image.
d. Apply to All

5. To create much number of slides: Click on the slide shown in left side of
the screen  Copy (Ctrl+C)  Paste it number of times (Ctrl + V).
6. Set the front slide by properly arranging the contents.
7. To insert new text box in the slide: Insert  Text Ribbon  Insert text
8. To add illustrations: Insert  Illustrations  Shapes / Smart Art / Chart
9. Adding images:
a. Copy the picture  Right click the mouse  Paste as per need
b. Some images need to be cropped for good look: Double click on
the image  Format  Size Ribbon  Crop or crop to required
shape.
c. Adjustments in colour, brightness etc: Double click on image 
Format  Adjust  Corrections / Color / etc
10.Insert page number: Insert  Text Ribbon Slide Number  tick onslide
number and apply to all.
11.To add transition effects: Transitions  Select appropriate transition.
12.To add animations to objects: Select object  Animations  select the
required animation from the Animation Ribbon.
13.To Slide Show the presentation : F5
14.To save slides as PDF: File  Export  Create PDF
RESULT
Prepared a presentation and learned various tools in MS PowerPoint.

Exp No: 8 Date:
INTRODUCTION TO ONLINE TERMINOLOGIES
AIM
To familiarize with internet and its terminologies
THEORY
INTERNET
Network of networks
BROWSER
Software that helps to access World Wide Web. Eg:- Chrome, Mozilla firefox
PROTOCOL
Set of rules for transmitting an electronic data between devices.
Eg:- FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
An addressing scheme for online resources.
Eg:- https://www.google.co.in/
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
To transfer hypertext over www.
HTTPS (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure)
Makes all communication between browser and websites encrypted.
WWW (World Wide Web)
Collection of internet sites accessed by hypertext interface

HYPERTEXT
A text that contains electronic links to other text.
DOMAIN
edu – Educational institutions
com – Company/ Commercial organizations
org – Non-profit organization
net – network of sites
gov – Government website
SUB-DOMAIN
in – India
uk – United Kingdom
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
Set of commands used to create world wide web documents.
CLIENT
If a computer has a web browser installed, it is known as a client
SERVER
A host computer that is capable of providing information to other computers.
RESULT
Familiarized with various online terminologies

Exp No: 9 Date:
EMAIL ID CREATION
AIM
To familiarize how to create an email ID
THEORY
Email means electronic mail. An email address is a unique identifier
for an email account. It is used to both send and receive email messages over
the Internet. Similar to physical mail, an email message requires an address for
both the sender and recipient in order to be sent successfully.
Every email address has two main parts: a username and domain name. The
username comes first, followed by an at (@) symbol, followed by the domain
name. Eg:- sample@gmail.com
EMAIL SERVICE PROVIDERS
1. Gmail
2. Yahoo
3. Outlook.com
PROCEDURE
1. Select and open an email service provider. Eg: Gmail
2. To create a gmail account, we need to sign up for a google account.
3. Goto gmail home page. Click on ‘Create account’  For myself
4. Fill the required details and click next.
5. Enter a password. Type the password again to confirm it is accurate.
6. Choose a strong password to keep your account protected.
7. Enter Date of Birth and provide mobile number when asked. Complete all
label fields.
8. Select the Next Step button. Accept terms and conditions and proceed.

9. Verify your mobile number. OTP (OneTime Password)will besend to your
mobile for verification. Enter the code in the box provided. Select the
Continue button.
10.From the My Accounts page, choose the Gmail icon from the top of the
page or from the apps menu in the upper right corner.
11.Choose the Next button until you reach the end of the instructions.
12.You will get a message “Congratulations! Your Gmail accountis ready for
use”. Email ID is thus created.
RESULT
Familiarized the procedure how to create an email ID

Exp No: 10 Date:
INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING
AIM
To study the basics of programming.
THEORY
ALGORITHM
Step by step directions for solving a problem
FLOWCHART
Graphical representation of algorith
PROGRAM
Set of instructions that tell computer to perform various things
MACHINE LANGUAGE (LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE)
 Language used by machines to communicate.
 It consist of 0’s and 1’s only. Computer can’t understand human
languages directly. To make this possible, programming languages are
used.
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE (HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE)
 Language used by programmers to perform programming.
 It is similar to English language.
 Using compilers/Interpreters computer converts this language to
machine language. Examples: C, C++, Java, Python, etc

ASSEMBLER
It’s a type of low-level language which is having similarity to high level
language.
COMPILER
Converts the whole program at a time. Eg: - C++
INTERPRETER
Converts the program line-by-line. Eg: Python
PYTHON
 A type of High level programming language
 Simple, Powerful and robust.
 Python means ‘Perumpampu’ in Malayalam
 Open source – community driven software
 Object oriented programming language. Eg: - Gaming, web applications
HOW TO WRITE A PROGRAM IN PYTHON?
1. Analysing the problem, the algorithm and flowchart to solve the program
is prepared.
2. There are certain rules in python to do each kind of work. They are called
syntax.
3. By following the proper syntax, write in a step by step way.
RESULT
Studied basics of programming.

Exp No: 11 Date:
ADDITION OF TWO NUMBERS
AIM
To solve addition of two numbers using python.
ALGORITHM
1. START
2. INPUT A, B
3. LET SUM = A + B
4. PRINT SUM
5. STOP
PYTHON PROGRAM
RESULT
Solved sum of two numbers using python

Exp No: 12 Date:
AVERAGE OF THREE NUMBERS
AIM
To find average of three numbers using python.
ALGORITHM
1. START
2. READ A, B, C
3. LET AVG = (A + B + C) / 3
4. PRINT AVG
5. STOP
PYTHON PROGRAM
RESULT
Solved average of three numbers using python.

Exp No: 13 Date:
AREA OF TRIANGLE
AIM
To find area of triangle using python.
ALGORITHM
1. START
2. READ B, H
3. LET AREA = 0.5 * B * H
4. PRINT AREA
5. STOP
PYTHON PROGRAM
RESULT
Solved area of triangle using python.

Exp No: 14 Date:
VOLUME OF CYLINDER
AIM
To find volume of cylinder (V = 3.14 x R2
H) using python.
ALGORITHM
1. START
2. READ A,B
3. LET VOLUME = 3.14 * R * R * H
4. PRINT VOLUME
5. STOP
PYTHON PROGRAM
RESULT
Solved volume of cylinder using python.

Exp No: 15 Date:
TEMPERATURE CONVERSION
AIM
To convert given Celsius temperature to Fahrenheit temperature using python.
ALGORITHM
1. START
2. READ C
3. LET F = (C*9/5)+ 32
4. PRINT F
5. STOP
PYTHON PROGRAM
RESULT
Converted given Celsius temperature to Fahrenheit temperature using python.

Exp No: 16 Date:
LARGEST OF TWO NUMBERS
AIM
To find largest of two numbers using python.
ALGORITHM
1. START
2. READ A, B
3. IF (A > B):
LARGEST = A
ELSE:
LARGEST = B
4. PRINT LARGEST
5. STOP
PYTHON PROGRAM
RESULT
Largest among given two numbers is determined using python.

Exp No: 17 Date:
LARGEST OF THREE NUMBERS
AIM
To find largest of three numbers using python.
ALGORITHM
1. START
2. READ A, B, C
3. IF (A > B):
IF (A > C) :
LARGEST = A
ELSE:
LARGEST = C
ELSE:
IF (B > C):
LARGEST = B
ELSE:
LARGEST = C
4. PRINT LARGEST
5. STOP

PYTHON PROGRAM
RESULT
Largest among given three numbers is determined using python.

Exp No: 18 Date:
ODD OR EVEN NUMBER
AIM
To find whether a number is odd or even using python.
ALGORITHM
1. START
2. READ A
3. IF ( N % 2 = = 0): (% - modular operator – gives remainder)
PRINT EVEN
ELSE:
PRINT ODD
4. STOP
PYTHON PROGRAM
RESULT
Program for odd or even is evaluated using python.

Exp No: 19 Date:
ROOTS OF QUADRATIC EQUATION
AIM
To find roots of a quadratic equation using python.
ALGORITHM
1. START
2. INPUT A, B, C
3. LET D = B*B – 4*A*C
4. IF (D > 0):
R1 = ( - B + √D/(2∗ A) )
R2 = ( - B - √D/(2 ∗ A) )
PRINT ROOT1 AND ROOT2
5. IF (D = = 0):
R1=R2 = - B/(2*A)
PRINT R1
ELSE:
PRINT NO ROOT OR COMPLEX ROOTS
6. STOP

PYTHON PROGRAM
RESULT
Evaluated the program to find roots of quadratic equation using python.

Exp No: 20 Date:
CHARACTER NAME OF THE DAY
AIM
To find character name of the day using python.
ALGORITHM
1. START
2. INPUT N
3. IF (N==1): PRINT SUNDAY
4. IF (N==2): PRINT MONDAY
5. IF (N==3): PRINT TUESDAY
6. IF (N==4): PRINT WEDNESDAY
7. IF (N==5): PRINT THURSDAY
8. IF (N==6): PRINT FRIDAY
9. IF (N==7): PRINT SATURDAY
ELSE: PRINT INVALID DAY NUMBER
10.STOP

PYTHON PROGRAM
RESULT
Character name of given day is evaluated using python.

Exp No: 21 Date:
NATURAL NUMBERS
AIM
ALGORITHM
1. START
2. INPUT N
3. LET i=1
4. WHILE (i <= N):
PRINT i
LET i = i+1
5. STOP
PYTHON PROGRAM
RESULT
Evaluated program to find ‘n’ natural numbers using python.

Exp No: 22 Date:
FACTORIAL OF A NUMBER
AIM
To find factorial of a number using python.
ALGORITHM
1. START
2. INPUT N
3. LET fact =1
4. FOR x IN RANGE (1, N+1):
fact = fact * x
5. PRINT fact
6. STOP
PYTHON PROGRAM
RESULT
Evaluated the program to find factorial of a number using python.

Exp No: 23 Date:
MULTIPLICATION TABLE
AIM
To develop a multiplication table of a given number using python.
ALGORITHM
1. START
2. INPUT N
3. PRINT MULTIPLICATION TABLE OF N
4. FOR i IN RANGE (1, 11):
PRINT A x i = A*i
5. STOP
PYTHON PROGRAM
RESULT
Evaluated the program of multiplication table using python.

Exp No: 24 Date:
SUM OF DIGITS
AIM
To find sum of given digit using python.
ALGORITHM
1. START
2. INPUT N
3. LET TOTAL=0
4. WHILE (N > 0):
DIGIT=N % 10
TOTAL=TOTAL+DIGIT
N=N/10
5. PRINT TOTAL
PYTHON PROGRAM
RESULT
Evaluated the program to find sum of digits using python.

Exp No: 25 Date:
GRADE CALCULATION
AIM
ALGORITHM
1. START
2. INPUT MAT, ENG, PHY, CHE, CF, HP
3. TOTAL = MAT + ENG + PHY + CHE + CF + HP
4. LET P = TOTAL/600*100
5. IF (P>=40):
PRINT PASS
ELSE:
PRINT FAIL
6. STOP
PYTHON PROGRAM
RESULT
Prepared progress card using python.

Computing fundamentals lab record - Polytechnics

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Computing fundamentals lab record - Polytechnics