Computer_Graphics_Using_Tools_computer.pptx

Computer Application II
Graphics Designing
CON-403

What is Computer Graphics?
• Computer Graphics is the field of computer science that deals
with creating, storing, and manipulating visual images and
animations using computers.
• It allows us to turn data and ideas into pictures, drawings,
models, and simulations that can be displayed on screens,
printed, or used in applications like games and movies.

D
efinition
• Computer Graphics is the art and science of generating and
displaying visual content using computers.
• Basic Elements
• Pixels – Smallest unit of a digital image.
• Resolution – Number of pixels in width × height.
• Color Models – RGB (Red, Green, Blue), CMYK (Cyan,
Magenta, Yellow, Key Black), HSB (Hue, Saturation,
Brightness)

• Hue is the type of color itself.
• Saturation is the intensity or purity of a
color.
• Brightness is the lightness or darkness of a
color.

• Types
• 2D Graphics – Flat images (posters, charts, logos, drawings).
• 3D Graphics – Realistic models, animation, virtual environments.
• Uses
• Entertainment (movies, games, animation)
• Education (e-learning visuals, simulations)
• Engineering & Architecture (CAD drawings, 3D modelling)
• Business (advertising, presentations)
• Medicine (CT scans, 3D anatomy models)

1. Entertainment & Media
• Animated movies (e.g., Toy Story, Frozen)
• Special effects in films (CGI – Computer Generated Imagery)
• Video games (3D environments, character design, visual effects)
• Virtual sets for TV shows and advertisements
2. Education & Training
• Interactive e-learning modules with visuals and animations
• Simulation software (flight simulators, lab simulations)
• Educational illustrations (3D anatomy models, geography maps)
• Virtual classrooms with graphical interfaces

3. Engineering & Architecture
• CAD (Computer-Aided Design) drawings
• 3D architectural models of buildings
• Mechanical part designs with precision graphics
• Structural visualization before construction
4. Business & Communication
• Infographics and data visualization (charts, dashboards)
• Company logos and branding materials
• Product packaging designs
• Presentation graphics (PowerPoint, Canva visuals)

5. Science & Medicine
• CT scans and MRI visualizations
• 3D anatomy graphics for medical training
• Molecular modeling in chemistry and biology
• Weather forecasting maps and climate models
6. Modern Applications
• Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) environments
• Artificial Intelligence-based image generation (AI art)
• UI/UX design for websites and mobile apps
• Social media graphics (Instagram posts, YouTube thumbnails)

Computer Graphics
=
Drawing + Animation + Design
+ Simulation with the help of
computers

Importance in Modern World
• Social Media Posts – Attractive graphics on Instagram, Facebook,
and LinkedIn help businesses grab attention and increase
engagement.
• Company Logos & Branding – Simple logos like Apple, Nike, and
McDonald’s make brands instantly recognizable worldwide.
• Movies & Animation – CGI graphics in films like Avatar or
animated movies like Frozen create immersive experiences.
• Video Games – Graphics power 3D environments in games like
PUBG, Minecraft, and Fortnite.

• Online Advertisements – Banner ads, product visuals, and
animated ads attract customers on websites and apps.
• Medical Imaging – MRI and CT scans use computer graphics to
visualize the human body for accurate diagnosis.
• Education & E-learning – Interactive graphics in online
courses, 3D anatomy models, and simulations make learning
easier.
• Architecture & Engineering – CAD (Computer-Aided Design)
graphics help architects and engineers design buildings, cars,
and machines.

• Weather Forecasting – Satellite images and animated weather
maps show real-time forecasts on TV and mobile apps.
• Virtual Reality & Augmented Reality – AR apps like IKEA
(place furniture in your room) and VR headsets like Oculus
create realistic experiences.

Elements of Computer Graphics
Pixels
The smallest unit of a digital image or display.
Every picture on a computer screen is made up of
thousands or millions of pixels (short for picture
elements).
Each pixel has its own color value and when combined,
they form a complete image.
Example: A Full HD screen has 1920 × 1080 pixels ≈ 2
million pixels.

Resolution
The number of pixels in an image or display, usually
expressed as width × height.
Higher Resolution → Clearer Image because more pixels
provide more detail.
Common Resolutions:
1280 × 720 (HD)
1920 × 1080 (Full HD)
2560 × 1440 (2K QHD)
3840 × 2160 (4K UHD)
Example: A 4K TV has 3840 × 2160 = 8,294,400 pixels.

Color Models
A system for representing colors in numerical values so that
computers can display them.
Types of Color Models:
• RGB (Red, Green, Blue)
• Used in digital displays.
• Colors are created by mixing light.
• Example: Pure red (255,0,0).
CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black)
Used in printing.
Colors are formed by subtracting light (ink-based).
HSV / HSB (Hue, Saturation, Value/Brightness)
Used in design tools.
Represents color in terms of human perception (shade, intensity, brightness).

Mobile Phone Screens
Your smartphone display (e.g., 1080 × 2400 pixels in many Android phones) is made up of
millions of pixels.
Higher pixel count = sharper display (iPhone’s Retina Display looks so clear).
Digital Cameras
A 12-megapixel camera captures 12 million pixels in each photo.
More pixels = higher detail and quality in photographs.
Television Screens
A 4K TV has 3840 × 2160 = 8.3 million pixels.
Each pixel lights up in different colors to form the moving image.
Computer Monitors
Standard Full HD monitor = 1920 × 1080 pixels.
Gaming monitors may go up to 8K resolution with over 33 million pixels.
Billboards & LED Displays
Large outdoor LED billboards are actually made of giant pixels (LED lights).
From far away, they look like smooth pictures; up close, you can see each pixel.
Medical Imaging
MRI and CT scans use pixels (or voxels in 3D) to create detailed images of the human body.

Types of Computer Graphics
1. Raster Graphics
Images made up of tiny colored squares called pixels.
Quality: Loses clarity when zoomed in or enlarged (pixelation).
File Size: Larger, since each pixel’s color is stored.
Best For: Photographs, digital paintings, web images.
Common Formats: JPEG, PNG, GIF, BMP.
Example: A digital photo taken from your smartphone.
2. Vector Graphics
Images made using mathematical formulas (points, lines, shapes, curves).
Quality: Infinitely scalable without losing clarity.
File Size: Smaller, as only formulas/coordinates are stored.
Best For: Logos, icons, illustrations, typography, CAD drawings.
Common Formats: SVG, AI, EPS, PDF.
Example: A company logo designed in Adobe Illustrator.

2D Graphics Concepts
• 2D graphics (Two-Dimensional graphics) are images that have
width and height but no depth. They are used in computer
screens, video games, graphic design, animations, and digital
art. Everything is represented in a flat plane.

Primitive Description
Point Single pixel at (x, y)
Line Connects two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2)
Circle Set of points equidistant from a center (x, y)
Ellipse Oval shape defined by width and height
Rectangle / Square Defined by width and height, or two corners
Polygon Multiple connected lines forming a closed shape
Curve Smoothly connected points; e.g., Bezier or B-spline

3D Graphics Concepts
• 3D graphics (Three-Dimensional graphics) represent objects
with width, height, and depth. Unlike 2D graphics, 3D graphics
provide a sense of volume and perspective, making objects
look more realistic.

Primitive Description
Point Single coordinate (x, y, z) in space
Line Connects two points in 3D
Polygon / Mesh Flat surfaces connecting vertices, often triangles
Cube / Box 3D rectangular shape
Sphere Set of points equidistant from center in 3D
Cylinder / Cone 3D circular shapes
Bezier / B-spline Surfaces Smooth curved surfaces

VFX (Visual Effects)
VFX (Visual Effects) is the process of creating or
manipulating imagery outside live-action filming using
computer graphics and digital tools.
Adds things that are difficult or impossible to film in real life.
Combines live-action footage + CGI + imagination.
Widely used in movies, ads, games, and virtual reality.
Examples in Movies:
Avengers → Iron Man’s suit, Hulk.
Harry Potter → Magical spells.
Baahubali → Huge waterfalls, war scenes.

Types of VFX & Green Screen Concept
Types of VFX:
CGI (Computer Generated Imagery): 3D models, creatures,
environments.
Compositing (Green Screen): Replacing a background digitally.
Motion Capture: Recording actor movements for digital characters.
Matte Painting: Creating realistic digital backgrounds.
Why Green Screen?
Green is far from skin tones → easy to separate.
Cameras capture green sharply → better quality.
Less light spill, easier to edit.
Alternative: Blue screen (when subject has green clothing).

Introduction to Graphic Tools
• Graphic tools are software applications used to create, edit,
and design images, illustrations, and graphics.
Purpose:
To make visual communication easier.
To design logos, posters, banners, animations, and more.
Examples:
AutoCAD, Adobe Suite, InDesign, Canva, Fiji etc

Types of Computer Graphics Tools
1. Raster Graphics Tools
Work with pixels (tiny dots that make up an image).
Best for photo editing and detailed artwork.
Examples: Adobe Photoshop, GIMP, Paint.NET.
2. Vector Graphics Tools
Work with mathematical shapes, lines, and curves instead of
pixels.
Images are scalable (do not lose quality when resized).
Best for logos, icons, illustrations, and typography.
Examples: Adobe Illustrator, CorelDRAW, Inkscape.

3. 3D Graphics & Animation Tools
Used to create 3D models, animations, and simulations.
Widely used in movies, games, architecture, VR/AR.
Examples: Blender, Autodesk Maya, 3ds Max, Cinema 4D.
4. Desktop Publishing Tools
Combine text + graphics for printed or digital layouts.
Used for magazines, brochures, posters, flyers.
Examples: Adobe InDesign, Scribus, QuarkXPress.

5. Online/Cloud-based Tools
Easy-to-use, web-based tools for quick design.
Popular for social media posts, infographics, and presentations.
Examples: Canva, Figma, Crello, Pixlr.
6. Specialized Tools
Focus on specific graphics-related tasks.
Examples:
CAD Tools (AutoCAD, SketchUp) → Engineering & Architecture.
UI/UX Tools (Figma, Adobe XD) → App & Web Design.
Image Compression/Conversion Tools → TinyPNG, IrfanView.

Fundamentals of Design
Fundamentals of design are the basic principles and elements
that guide how visuals are created to make them effective and
attractive.
Purpose:
To communicate ideas clearly.
To create balance and harmony in designs.
To make visuals appealing and easy to understand.
Key Elements of Design:
Line – Creates direction, outlines, or patterns.
Shape – Geometric or organic forms in design.
Color – Adds mood, emphasis, and meaning.
Texture – Surface feel (smooth, rough, etc.).
Space – Use of empty or filled areas.

Principles of Design
Balance: Equal distribution of visual weight
(symmetrical/asymmetrical).
Contrast: Difference in color, size, or shape to
highlight elements.
Emphasis: Focus on the most important part of the
design.
Proportion: Relationship between size of elements.
Rhythm/Movement: Guides the viewer’s eye
through the design.
Unity/Harmony: All elements work together to give
a complete look.

Computer_Graphics_Using_Tools_computer.pptx

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