Uploaded byakaiimalkhanak
19 views

Chapter 1 - Introduction to the World of Computer .pdf

This is is about introduction to computer technology.

Embed presentation

Download to read offline
Chapter 1: Introduction to Computing World of Computers
Learning Objectives 2 1. Explain why it is essential to learn about computers today and discuss several ways computers are integrated into our business and persona l lives. 2. Define a computer and describe its primary operations. 3. List some important milestones in computer evolution. 4. Identify the major parts of a personal computer,including input,processing,output,storage,and communications ha rdware. 5. Define softwa re and understand how it is used to instruct the computer what to do.
Learning Objectives 3 6. List the six basic types of computers,giving at least one example of each type of computer and stating what that computer might be used for. 7. Explain what a network,the Internet, and the World Wide Web are,as well as how computers, people,and Web pages are identified on the Internet. 8. Describe how to access a Web page and navigate through a Web site. 9. Discuss the societal impact of computers, including some benefits and risks related to their prominence in our society.
Overview 4 • This chapter covers: - What computers are,how they work, and how they are used - Computer terminology - An overview of the history of computers - The basic types of computers in use today - An overview of networks and the Internet - Societal impacts of computers
5 • Why learn about computers? - Pervasive computing • Also known as ubiquitous computing • Computers have become an integral part of our lives - Basic computer literacy • Knowing about and understa nding computers and their uses is an essential skill today for everyone Computers in Your Life
Computers in Your Life 6 • Before 1980 - Computers were large,expensive - Very few people had access to them - Computers were mostly used for high-volume processing tasks • Microcomputers in the early 80s - Inexpensive personal computers - Computer use increased dramatically
7 • Today - More than 80% of US households include a computer,and most use computers at work - Electronic devices are converging into single units with multiple capabilities • Computer is no longer an isolated productivity tool • Check e-mail on living room television • View internet content on mobile phone or another mobile device - Computer literacy • Knowing about and understa nding computers and their uses is an essential skill for everyone Computers in Your Life
Computers in the Home 8 • Computers used for a variety of tasks: - Looking up information and news - Exchanging e-mail - Shopping and paying bills - Watching TV and videos - Downloading music and movies - Organizing digital photographs - Playing games - Making vacation plans
Computers in the Home 9 • Wireless networking - Computers can be used in nearly any location • Smart appliances - Traditional appliances with built-in computer or communication technology • Smart homes - Household tasks are monitored and controlled by a main computer in the house
Computers in the Home 10 REFERENCE AND COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCTIVITY ENTERTAINMENT
Computers in Education 1 1 • Youth today can be called the computing generation • Most students today have access to computers at school - Some schools integrate e-books into the curriculum • Colleges and universities are even more integrated - Wireless hotspots allow usage of personal laptops to connect to the college network - Some colleges require a computer for enrollment • Distance learning - Students participate from locations other than the traditiona l classroom setting using computers and Internet access
Computers in Education 1 2 COMPUTER LABSAND CLASSROOMS J I .. .C- i CAMPUS WIRELESS HOTSPOTS DISTANCE LEARNING
Computers on the Job 1 3 • Computers have become a universal on-the-job tool for decision-making, productivity, and communication - Used by all types of employees - Used for access control and other security measures - Use by service professionals is growing - Used extensively by the military - Employees in all lines of work need to continually refresh their computer skills
Computers on the Job 1 4 OFF-SITE COMMUNICATIONS AIJfHEHTIC ATION
Computers on the Go 1 5 • Computers are encountered in nearly every aspect of daily life - Consumer kiosks - ATM transactions - POS systems at retail stores - Self-checkout systems - Consumer authentication systems - Portable computers or mobile devices - GPS systems
What Is a Computer and What Does It Do? 1 6 • Computer - A programma ble,electronic device that accepts data, performs operations on that data, and stores the data or results as needed - Computers follow instructions,called programs, which determine the tasks the computer will perform • Basic operations - Input: Entering data into the computer - Processing: Performing operations on the data - Output: Presenting the results - Storage: Saving data, programs, or output for future use - Communications: Sending or receiving data
What Is a Computer and What Does It Do? 1 7 2 + 5 = 7 INPUT User types in the numbers 2 and 5. PROCESSING Computer adds 2 and 5. 7 7 STORAGE Computer saves the output tor future use. OUTPUT Computer displays the results (output). F IGURE 1 -6 TheI nformation processingcyde.
Data vs. Information 1 8 • Data - Raw, unorganized facts - Can be in the form of text, graphics, audio,or video • Information - Data that has been processed into a meaningful form • Information processing - Converting data into information
Computers Then and Now 1 9 • The computer as we know it is a fairly recent invention • The history of computers is often referred to in terms of generations • Each new generation is characterized by a major technological development • Precomputers and early computers (before 1946) - Abacus, slide rule, mechanical calculator - Punch Card Tabulating Machine and Sorter
Computers Then and Now 20 • PRECOMPUTERS AND EARLY COMPUTERS Dr. Herman Hollerith's Punch Card Tabulating Machine and Sorter is an example of an early computing device. It was used to process the 1890 U.S.Census data.
Computers Then and Now 21 • First-generation computers {1946-1957) - Enormous and powered by vacuum tubes - Used a great deal of electricity and generated a lot of heat - ENIAC and UNIVAC • Second-generation computers {1958-1963) - Used transistors - Computers were smaller,more powerful,cheaper,more energy-efficient,and more reliable - Punch cards and magnetic tape were used to input and store data
Computers Then and Now 22 R RST-GENERATION COMPUTERS Rrst-generation computers,such as ENIAC shown here,were large and bulky,used vacuum tubes, and had to be physically wired and reset to ru n programs. SECOND-GENERATION COMPUTERS Second-generation computers, such as the IBM 1401mainframe shown here, used transistors instead of vacuum tubes so they were smaller, faster, and more reliable than first-generation computers.
Computers Then and Now 23 • Third-generation computers (1964-1970) - Used integrated circuits ( ICs) - Keyboards and monitors introduced • Fourth-generation computers (1971-present) - Use microprocessors - IBM PC,Apple Macintosh - Use keyboards, mice,monitors,and printers - Use magnetic disks, flash memory,a nd optical disks for storage - Computer networks,wireless technologies, Internet introduced
Computers Then and Now 24 TH IRD-GENERATION COMPUTERS Third-generation c-0mputers used integrated circuits which allowed the introduction of smaller computers,such as the IBM System/ 360 mainframe shown here. RlJRTH-<CNERATION COMPUTI:RS Fourth-generation computers, such as the originalIBM PC shown here, are based on microprocessors.Most of today's computers faft into this category.
Computers Then and Now 25 • Fifth-generati on (now and the future) - Infancy stage - No precise classification - May be based on artificial intelligence (Al) - Will likely use voice and touch input - May be based on optical computers and utilize nanotechnology
Hardware 26 • Hardware: The physical parts of a computer - Internal hardware • Located inside the main box (system unit) of the computer - External hardware • Located outside the system unit • Connect to the computer via a wired or wireless connection - Hardware devices are associated with all five computer operations
Hardware 27 • Input devices - Used to input data into the computer - Keyboards,mice,sca nners, cameras,microphones, joysti cks,touch pads, touch screens,fingerprint readers, etc. • Processing devices - Perform calculations and control computer's operation - Central processing unit (CPU) and memory • Output devices - Present results to the user - Monitors, printers, speakers, projectors, etc.
• Storage devices - Used to store data on or access data from storage media - Hard drives, CD/DVD discs and drives, USB flash drives, etc. • Communications devices - Allow users to communicate with others and to electronically access remote information - Modems,network adapters,etc. 28 Hardware
FLASHMEM O R Y CARDREAD E R Re adsandwrites flash memOf'/ cards Hardware 29 MICROPH ONE captures spoken Input. MONITOR PRINTER Producesprinted cop i es of computer casethatconta i nstheCPU , memory, ets yuuseeyour powersupply,storagedevices, and workasyou !J); the a l otheri nternalhardware. primaryotJ!pt.tdevice. output. I DVODRIVE HARDDRIVE Readsandl ocatedinsidethe writesC Oand DVDdiscs. systemuni stores programsandmostdata. S YSTEMU NIT SPEAKERS - = = = = = :: P roduceaudio output. U SBPORTS Connect external devicesthat usethe USSinterface. - - - - ; - ROUT ER Connectsdevicesso theycansharean Internet connection anddata. KE YBOARD Used totype instructionsintothe computer,a prima11 inputdevice. CDANDDVDDISCS Usedtodeliverprograms andstorel arge mu l timediafiles. MOU SE Usedtomakeon- screenselections; aprimaryi nput device. Fl ASHMEMORYCARDS Usedto storedig i tal photos, music files,andothercontent. MOD EM Connectsthecomputer to the I nternet. U SBFLASHDRIVE Used tostoredoctlments, digitalphotos, musicfiles,and othercontentto emoved fromone PCtoanother. FIGURE 1 · 9 Typia il computer hanlware.
Software 30 • Software - The programs or instructions used to tell the computer hardware what to do • System software - Operating system starts up the computer and controls its operation - Without OS, computer cannot function - Boots the computer and launches programs at the user's direction - Most use a GUI to interact with the user via windows, icons,menus, buttons,etc. - Windows,Mac OS,Linux,etc.
Software 31 W INDOWSDE S K T O P Pro vides thebackdrop for icons.windows.and other objects. IC ONS Representfolders. documents,orotheritems thatcanbeopened. WINDOWS Rectangu larareascontainingprograms. documents.orotherdata.Th eactive windowistheonecurrentlybeingused. MENUBA R Opensmenus thatcanbeused to Issuecommanas. T O O L B A R- - - - -t = . : :;:; ;-- , Containsbuttons oriconsthatcan beusedtoissue commands. STA RTBUTION Opens theStart menuthat is usedto launch programs. Representprograms that canbeopened correspondtoopenwindows;canbe usedto preview thumbnailsofopenwindows.aswell directlyfromthetaskbar. as l ochangetheactivewindow. DIALOGBO X Displayedwhenneededto request informationfrom theuser. FIGURE 1·10 TheWindows de1k1op. SIZINGBUTT ONS Resizeorclosea w indow. HYPERLINK Issuesacommandtothe computerwhendicked. TA S KBA R Usuallylocatedatthe bottomofthedesktop. NO TIFICA TIONA RE A Sho ws theclockand otherindicators.
Application Software 32 • Application software - Performs specific tasks or applications • Creating letters, budgets, etc. • Managing inventory and customer databases • Editing photographs • Schedul ing appointments • Viewing Web pages • Sending and receiving e-mail • Recording/playing CDs and DVDs • Designing homes • Playing games
Application Software • • I( , ; ,.. 'O 1 =·1 .. :::-· i l 'i• t i ' ..... • ·A 1 'w •a! i · · - · " FILMW ATCH DIVIS ION M ARKET ING PLAN 2014 7 y· s D T l'LN1Jj,J 101JO>U.lw.A,,.Jt·,.,: .rr'll.s.su'A:.11 IHTitODUCTIO:il - - - - - - , ........-lrh . . . . , , .. _. . . ... "'°......._ .41"-taiPtHl<'l(.allrlP..ii• t...l l.,W11trfl .... -...... !- . d lfl l t l l l t . - dew-,...t. _ . . . , . _ •• •P l WORD PROCESSING PROGRAMS Allow users to create written documents, such as reports,letters,and memos. l :::; 0 · .. _ . _ . _ - . - _ _ " '_ " '". . _ ,I - ·- - · ar - . ....... · - -... • ,, .....I r .... . .. _ .... · ..- - . . - ...oot - lllf lW r - . . . . : =;: - - r '= l . lK . t • J koool. .-...... . ,,., ...,. .- ........ n .. . . , . . ... W l, . . . _ . . . . .. » ..., _ n , _ u ....,,.. ...,...,._ u '4 ' - '- 11 ho! .. .,......... ... Jtnt f ) I J ' Jiu• 1.NUuS1'1tY . . . . 0 .... MUIJIMEDIA PROGRAMS Allow users to play music or videos and transfer content to CDs and DVDs. ... .. .... · I s . - .... . ..,_ " •• ' Tlv. . . .. c . - "" tl.. . I .. .... .. c - ... . .. .. c - ... ·- • • ... ... .. . • •W ...- . ... .. 'not. . I C - .... "' • • " .. •• ... ""'" FIGURE 1 11 Ex.amples of appllcatlon software. 33 w ... .,. ,
U Alaskan waters produce the b est, sweetest crab Try our Crabfest entrees each under $20. v1 ower.bt m s. . ,i.1 u] WEB BROWSERS Allow users to view Web pages and other information located on the Internet. _.,. . .....'-'· · . · ).I- • - -ll · " """ ''. . ,_ , - · -:. t .,,.....,.I le - . - · ci ; a ........._ w " ,.. . '/... . )=:.,. • p • , . . " ' - '. . . . . .. . . . ,. w , . , . , . ' . w n 1: u H n • U t t l t Jll llll .JJ • l ' l'S X Jf :S ....- Qofnl• r,J o.1 ........ · . . . . . - t.JC - ' !1 " " ' - i . . . . . i o • • • • " N ,....,,. ' - -..ltwo<. a » U _ _,... ·- ,....... ...- .p · _.. . _ ) C - _ . . . _ W -· ...· -- "- -°' S ...0 - "M ''l" n o ,, . ) c - . i t . . . . . . W t - t . . . . . . _ , _ ...., . ..,, -----· - ..... - .. - ,,· . -............. i i . . .,. · · -- ::;; .. ..., . .. .. "'.-."'- - 0 '!' > ..... !l ; ; 8 ,- _ ., _ ,....... ... .l:'-"""..... . ; ; lC - . - ld-...uit - · - M o o _ _ ..__ _ . 1 , S - ,...t_o. E-MAIL PROGRAMS Allow users to compose, send, receive, and manage electronic messages sent over the Internet or a private network. I CURE 1- 11 Examples of appllcatlon software. Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition 34 Application Software
Computer Users and Professionals 35 • Computer users (end users) - People who use a computer to obtain information • Computer professionals include: - Programmers • Write programs computers use - Systems analysts • Design computer systems - Computer operations personnel • Manage day-to-day computer operations - Security specia lists • Secure computers and networks against hackers
Computers To Fit Every Need 36 • Six basic categories of computers: - Embedded computers - Mobile devices - Personal computers - Midrange servers - Mainframe computers - Supercomputers
Embedded Computers 37 • Embedded computer - Embedded into a product and designed to perform specific tasks or functions for that product - Cannot be used as general-purpose computers F I GURE 1-12 - Often embedded into: • Household appliances • Thermostats • Sewing machines • A/V equipment • Answering machines • Cars Acameralocate<Iunderthe mirrordetects movingvehicles I n l he driver's bffodspot. Afightindicalesthat a movingveh i clei sInthe drtver" s blind spot.
Mobile Devices 38 • Mobile device - A very small device with some type of built-in computing or Internet capability - Often based on a mobile phone - Typically have small screens and keyboards - Examples: • Smartphones • Handheld gaming devices • Portable digital media players • Mobile tablets
Personal Computers 39 • Personal computer Small computer designed to be used by one person at a time Also called a microcomputer Available in different sizes and shapes • Desktop computers Fit on or next to a desk Can use tower case, desktop case, or all-in-one Can be PC-compatible or Macintosh Not designed to be portable PC-COMPAJIBLE TOWER COMMEllS De5ktop computers.
Portable Computers 40 • Portable Computers - Designed to be carried around easily - Fully functional computers - Notebook (laptop} computers • Typically use a clamshell design - Ta blet Computers • Usually use a digital pen/stylus or touch screen • Can be slate or convertible tablets
Portable Computers 4 1 Netbooks • Smaller,lighter, and less expensive than conventional notebooks • Longer battery life • Good for students and business travelers FIGURE 1 16 Portable com puters. 1 1 ,_.....: : : : : . . . . . , , . ._,, _l ! ;g j _ NOTEBOOKS TABLETS NETBOOKS
4 2 • Thin client or network computer ( NC) - Device designed to access a network for processing and data storage - Lower cost,increased security and easier maintenance - Limited or no local storage - Not able to function as a computer if network is down • Internet appliance - Specialized network computer designed for Internet access and/or e-mail excha nge - Some designed to be used in the home Thin Client and Internet Appliances
Thin Client and Internet Appliances • Can be built into another product such as a refrigerator or telephone console • Can be a stand-alone device • Can include Internet-enabled gaming consoles Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition 4 3 THIN CLIENTS STANO-ALONE INTERNET DEVICES F IGURE 1 16 Thin d lents and Internet appliancea. INTERNET-ENABLED GAMING CONSOLES
Midrange Servers 4 4 • Midrange server - A medium-sized computer used to host programs and data for a small network - Sometimes referred to as a microcomputer - Users connect via a network with a computer, thin client, or dumb terminal - May consist of a collection of individual circuit boards called blades - Virtualization Creating virtual rather than actual environments (often used to share a server for increased efficiency) FIGURE 1-17 M idrange se1Yer" Theuserconnectsl ol he server usl1 1 gacomputer,th i n cllen ordumb termIMl. Theserveri stypically storedi1a nearbycloset or otheroo t--01 -thewayplace.
Mainframe Computers 4 5 • Mainframe computer - Powerful computer used by many large orga nizations to manage large amounts of centra lized data - Standard choice for hospita ls,universities,large businesses,banks, government offices - Located in climate-controlled data centers and connected to the rest of the company computers via a network - Larger,more expensive,and more powerful than midrange servers - Usually operate 24 hours a day - Also called high-end servers or enterprise-class servers
Mainframe Computers 4 6 FIGURE 1-18 Mainframe computers.
Supercomputers 4 7 • Supercomputer - Fastest, most expensive, most powerful type of computer - Generally run one program at a time, as fast as possible - Commonly built by connecting hundreds of smaller computers, supercomputi ng cluster - Used for space exploration, missile guidance, satellites, weather forecast, oil exploration, scientific research, complex Web sites, decision support systems, 30 applications, etc.
Supercomputers 4 8 FIGURE 1 19 The Tlanhe-1A supercomputer.
Computer Networks and the Internet 49 • Computer network - A collection of hardware and other devices that are connected together - Users can share hardware,software,and data - Users can communicate with each other • Network servers - Manage resources on a network
Computer Networks and the Internet 50 • Computer networks exist in many sizes and types - Home networks - School and small business networks Large corporate Public wireless networks - The Internet
Computer Networks and the Internet 51 BETIY'S PC WEB PAGE TiiE or Mary) r:1 / INTERNET - -i..:i-- FllfS (for Tom) -r INTEllNET fu l l(lo : eQ Example of a computer network. F I GURE 1-20 MARY'S PC - - - ....J ?' NETWORK SERVER TOM'S PC E -MAIL (loacustome Q CONNECTION
What are the Internet and the World Wide Web? 52 • Internet - The largest and most well-known computer network in the world - Individuals connect to the Internet using an Internet service provider (ISP} • World Wide Web - One resource (a vast collection of Web pages} available through the Internet - Web sites conta in Web pages stored on Web servers - Web pages viewed using a Web browser ( Internet Explorer, Chrome,Safari,Firefox,Opera, etc.} - A wide variety of information is available through the Web
What are the Internet and the World Wide Web .,.__ - - ·-- --- ------ . Gough ! = == .- -·· · · · - - 11-:: 'S !.'. - - - .•. • - -· - · . · ._.- ¥ ACCESSING PRODUCT INFORMATION LOOKING UP REFERENCE INFORMATION READING NEWS I .... .. L L .. SHOPPING ACCESSING SOCIAL NETWORKS WATCHING TV SHOWS AND MOVIES FIGURE 1 21 Some common Web activities. 53
Accessing a Network or the Internet 54 • Need a modem or network ada pter to connect • Some networks require a username and password • Internet connections can be: - Direct (always-on) connections - Dial-up connections • Internet addresses are used to access resources on the Internet - IP {Internet Protocol) address • Numeric address that identifies computers (207.46. 197.32)
Accessing a Network or the Internet 55 - IP addresses and domain names • Text-based address that identifies computers (microsoft.com) - Uniform resource locators ( URLs) • Identify Web pages (http://twitter.com/jobs/i ndex.html) - E-mail addresses • Identifies people for e-mail exc hange (jsmith@ cengage.com)
IP Addresses and Domain Names 56 • IP addresses are numeric and unique • Domain names Correspond to IP addresses Top-level domains (TLDs) identifies type of organization or its location Custom TLDs may soon be allowed FIGURE 1 22 Sample top- evel domains (TLDs). ORIGINAL TLDS .com .edu INTENDED USE Commercial businesses Educational institutions Government OrQ_at11zat1ons . ov .Int tnrernational treat)' organizations .mil Mi itary organizations .net Network providers and ISPs .org Noncommercial organizations NEWER TLDS .aero .biz INTENDED USE Aviation industry B usinesses .fr French businesses .info .jobs Resource s ites Emp loyment sites ·"1ob1 .name S ites optimized to· mobile devices l nd1v1duals . plO Llcen ed professionals .uk Un ited Kingdom businesses 0
Uniform Resou rce Locators (URLs) 57 • Uniform Resource Locators ( URLs) - Uniquely identifies a Web page • Protocol or sta ndard being used • Identification of the Web server • Names of folders in which the Web page file is stored • Web page's filename
Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) 58 • Protocols: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (http://) istypically used to display Web pages (https:// is used for secure Web pages) File Transfer Protocol (ftp://) is often used for file exchange Web page URLs usually begin with the standard protocol identifierhttp://. This part of the URL identifies the Web server hosting the Webpage. Next comes tile folder(s) in which the Web page is stored,if necessary. This is the Web page document thatis to be retrieved and displayed. http://www.twitter.com/home/index.html
E-mail Addresses 59 • E-mail addresses consist of: Username • A person's identifying name for a particular domain - The @ symbol Domain name for the computer that will be handling the person's e-ma il (mail server) • Pronouncing Internet addresses ITYPE OF ADDRESS Domain name SAMPLE ADDRESS berkeley.edu PRONUNCIATION berkeley dot e d u URL mtcroeott.oomlwindOtoYolie/default .aep m;oro-11oft dat com elaeh windowo elae-h i e slaeh default dot a e p E -mail addreea preoident@whitehouH.gov preeident at white houoe dot gov
Surfing the Web 6 0 • Web browser - Used to display Web pages • Browser starting page or home page - The first page displayed when the browser is opened • To navigate to a Web page,you can: - Type a URL in the Address bar - Click a hyperlink -graphics or text linked to other Web pages - Select a Favorite/Bookma rk or page from the History list
Surfing the Web TOOLBARS Include the Back and Forward buttons.and the Favorites bar. ADDRESS BAR Type a URL In the Address bar and press Enter to display the corresponding Webpage. Ol'IW . . . . w......• - ----- ------ _...... /endemics . - . . - - I HYPE RLIN KS DC.JI Point to a hypertlnk tosee the corresponding URL onthe status bar:cl ck the hyperllnk to dlsplay that page. STATUS BAR Includes zoom opUons and security Indicators. TABS Click the rightmost tab to opena new tab. FAVORITES BAR AND LIST Click a page name t> display that Web page. FAVORITES BUTTON Click to display the Favontes list F IGURE1 25 Surfing the Web wllll nternet Explorer. URLs, i'rjparink.s, and favortt9B oan be usod 10 display Webpages. l t ! --- I .,. _ . = - - - < __- _......_ ..... _ ...... - _- ..i -- -- -- - - - . .,_ - --- = -===- - -- - -- ·- -- · =-- --· -- - - == = - -==· - < - 6 1
Searching the Web 6 2 • Search site: • Web page that helpsyou find Web pages containing the information you are seeking OTHER SEARCHES Use these options to search for Images, news, video,products for sale,and more. FIGURE 1 26 TheGoogle seuch site displayedI n the Chrome browser ,,..... I- - Typically search using keywords" i Reference Sites Look up addresses, i 0 i I telephone numbers, ZIP codes, J • . . . . .. . ..., . 0 . Google I...,.• • maps, etc. KEYWORD SEARCHES Since theWeb optionIs selected,type key words llere and press Enter to see a list of Web pages matehing your search criteria. ADVANCED SEARCHES aick todisplay a fill- inform to perform a morespecific search.
E-Mail 6 3 • Electronic mail (e-mail) - Electronic messages exchanged between computers on a network - One of the most widely used Internet applications - Can be conventional e-mail program,Web-based ,or mobile-based Conventional Microsoft Outlook Microsoft Mail Web-based Gmail Windows Live Mail
E-Mail 6 4 - Can conta in photos,attached files,etc. - Mobile e-mail may require a fee - Other types of mobile communications • Short Message Service (SMS) • Multimedia Message Service ( MMS)
E-Mail 6 5 SENDER'S COM PUTER - -- -- SENDER'S MAIL SERVER { .2l RECIPIENT'S MAILSERVER I 9 I ! B 1 E " 8 1 i ! 0 I § 1 i 1 e j The sender composes a message and sendsiito the recipient via hisor her e-mailaddress. The e-mail messageis·sent over the Internet through tile sender's mailserver tothe recip ient's mailserver, r. 7$0 1 @state.edu J The recipient requests his or her messages rrom the mail server and the messageis displayed. -----. RECIPIENT'S COMPUTER FIGURE 1 27 Mow e-mailworks.
Computers and Society 6 6 • The vast improvements in technology over the past decade have had a distinct impact on daily life, both at home and at work • Many benefits of a computer-oriented society - Ability to design products before construction leads to safer prod ucts - Earlier medical diagnoses and more effective treatment - Devices that allow physically and/or visually challenged individuals to perform job tasks - Documents e-mailed or faxed in moments - Download information, music, programs, movies, and more on demand
Computers and Society 6 7 • Computer-oriented society also has risks - Stress and health concerns - Spam - Computer viruses and malwa re - Identity theft and phishing - Privacy issues • How data is collected • How secure is the collected data
Computers and Society 6 8 • Differences in online communications - Less formal tha n traditional - Netiquette • Be polite and considerate of others • Refrain from offensive remarks - Abbreviations (acronyms) and emoticons • Acronyms such as BTW (by the way) • Illustrations of faces-- ©
Computers and Society 69 RULE Use descriptive subiect lines Don't shout Watch what you say EXPLANATION Use short, descriptive subject lines for e-mail messages and onhne posts. For example, "Question regarding MP3 downloads" is much better than a vague title, such as "Question.• SHOUTING REFERS TO TYPING YOUR ENTIR E E-MAIL MESSAGE OR ONLINE POST USING CAPITAL LETTERS. Use capital letters only when it 1s grammatically correct to do so or for emphas121ng a few words. Things that you say or write online can be interpreted as being sexist, racist, ethnocentric, xenophob ic, or in just general bad taste. Also check spelling and grammar-typos look unprofessional and nobody likes wading through poorly written materials. Avoid e-mail overload Don't send spam, which 1s unsol cated bulk e-mail and the Internet equivalent of junk mail. The same goes for forwarding e-mail chain letters or every joke you run across to everyone in your address book. Be cautious Don't give out personalinformalton-such as your real name, telephone number, or credit card information-to people you meet online Think before you send Once you send an e-mail or teX"t message or post something online, you lose control of it. Don't send messages that include content (such as compromising photos) that you would not want shared with others. FIGURE 1-30 Netiquette. Use these netiquene guidelioos and common 891se when communicating online.
Computers and Society • The Anonymity Factor - Gives many individua ls a sense of freedom - Can also be abused • Information Integrity - Use common sense when eva luating online content - Check your source--not all information on the Internet is accurate 70
Summary 71 • Computers in Your Life • What is a Computer and What Does It Do? • Computers to Fit Every Need • Computer Networks and the Internet • Computers and Society

More Related Content

PDF
IT-Lecture for information comunicazione technology 1.pdf
byAbdullahEmam4
 
DOCX
Computers for managers notes
byAditya Mehra
 
PPTX
W1 - Computer World and it's great knowledge
byasktechnexy
 
PPT
Ics1 Chapter1
byRanz
 
PDF
Computer Literacy Beginers
byCoach Spark Ovadje
 
PDF
Computer apprediation __ms_word
byCoach Spark Ovadje
 
PPTX
Lesson 1.pptx
byRegieneDivino1
 
PPTX
Lect01 Computers Impact on Our lives IOT and Big Data Era.pptx
byNourhanTarek23
 
IT-Lecture for information comunicazione technology 1.pdf
byAbdullahEmam4
 
Computers for managers notes
byAditya Mehra
 
W1 - Computer World and it's great knowledge
byasktechnexy
 
Ics1 Chapter1
byRanz
 
Computer Literacy Beginers
byCoach Spark Ovadje
 
Computer apprediation __ms_word
byCoach Spark Ovadje
 
Lesson 1.pptx
byRegieneDivino1
 
Lect01 Computers Impact on Our lives IOT and Big Data Era.pptx
byNourhanTarek23
 

Similar to Chapter 1 - Introduction to the World of Computer .pdf

PPTX
BASIC COMPUTER, ABOUT COM, HISTORY OF COMPUTER AND SOFTWARE
byosamawajid
 
PPTX
information communication technology ict
byshahzaibch0000786
 
PPTX
Computer 11- DATABASE management y.pptx
bymichellebacayplacide
 
PDF
Introduction to computers pdf
byblufishocean
 
PPT
An introduction to Computer Technology
bySteven Heath
 
PPT
Understanding computers ch 1
byLisa Stack
 
PPT
1 ch Information SecuirtyLectures (112.ppt
byRaeesKhan691281
 
DOCX
Information technology
byManoj Soni
 
PPTX
ICT PowerPoint Notes-1.pptx technology and IT
byPrideDondolo
 
PDF
Compendium for computer application
bymusadoto
 
PPTX
W1 - Comphjhkjhlkjhjkhljhjkhljhuter World.pptx
byqariforkids
 
PPSX
Computer Applications In Business by Mahatma Gandhi University
byMahatma Gandhi University
 
PPTX
Chapter 1.pptx
byDawitashebr
 
PPTX
Intro to Computing Presentation Project .
bykurtangeloballarta
 
PPTX
chapter 1 C++A.pptx lecture note on programming
byFantaneshTegegn1
 
PPT
Day 1
byselvakumarvenugopal
 
PDF
ICT-Lecture_1(Introduction to computes).pdf
byromesarehman073
 
PPTX
Class1
byGirish Ramachandrappa
 
PPTX
ICT Lecture 1 in riphah international university.pptx
bytrailersmovie
 
PDF
Introduction to computer_hardware
bynaadiya_khuda_bux
 
BASIC COMPUTER, ABOUT COM, HISTORY OF COMPUTER AND SOFTWARE
byosamawajid
 
information communication technology ict
byshahzaibch0000786
 
Computer 11- DATABASE management y.pptx
bymichellebacayplacide
 
Introduction to computers pdf
byblufishocean
 
An introduction to Computer Technology
bySteven Heath
 
Understanding computers ch 1
byLisa Stack
 
1 ch Information SecuirtyLectures (112.ppt
byRaeesKhan691281
 
Information technology
byManoj Soni
 
ICT PowerPoint Notes-1.pptx technology and IT
byPrideDondolo
 
Compendium for computer application
bymusadoto
 
W1 - Comphjhkjhlkjhjkhljhjkhljhuter World.pptx
byqariforkids
 
Computer Applications In Business by Mahatma Gandhi University
byMahatma Gandhi University
 
Chapter 1.pptx
byDawitashebr
 
Intro to Computing Presentation Project .
bykurtangeloballarta
 
chapter 1 C++A.pptx lecture note on programming
byFantaneshTegegn1
 
Day 1
byselvakumarvenugopal
 
ICT-Lecture_1(Introduction to computes).pdf
byromesarehman073
 
Class1
byGirish Ramachandrappa
 
ICT Lecture 1 in riphah international university.pptx
bytrailersmovie
 
Introduction to computer_hardware
bynaadiya_khuda_bux
 

Recently uploaded

PDF
Incident Response Planning with a Foundation Model
byKim Hammar
 
PDF
Igniting the Future: Copilot trends, agentic transformation and product roadm...
byUni Systems S.M.S.A.
 
PDF
eResource Scheduler Enterprise Resource Management and Scheduling Software.pdf
byeResource Scheduler
 
PPTX
Ritesh_kumar_Aatmanirbhar Bharat: Make in India, Make for the World.pptx
byriteshrkgs2008
 
PDF
Taming the Chaos: How to Turn Unstructured Data into Decisions
bySafe Software
 
PDF
Cleveland, OH Developer Group Dec 2, 2025 Slides for December Demos
byLynda Kane
 
PDF
Top Cybersecurity Threats 2025 Guide by Sureshdas
byPrintersassist
 
PDF
Tracing the Thread: Decoding the Decision-Making Process with GraphRAG
byEnterprise Knowledge
 
PDF
AI Technology important knowledge ......
byutkarshj2007
 
PDF
Agentic Automation for Testers – A Hands-On Deep Dive
byUiPathCommunity
 
PDF
API206-S: Transforming Supply Chains with Amazon Bedrock AgentCore - AWS re:I...
byChris Bingham
 
PDF
HCI and Its Impact on individual quality of life.pdf
byParham Abolghasemi
 
PDF
The Ultimate Guide to Problem Management Dashboards for IT Teams.pdf
byomnex systems
 
PDF
Accelerating Responsible AI Adoption in Public Sector and Private Organizations.
bysleepandremedies
 
PDF
Knowing and Doing: Knowledge graphs, AI, and work
bymarainglezakis1
 
PDF
Cybersecurity Prevention and Detection Specialization
byVICTOR MAESTRE RAMIREZ
 
PPTX
Basics of Identity Access Management In mordern Infrastructure
byPrinceXavier18
 
PDF
ElyriaSoftware — Powering the Future with Blockchain Innovation
byElyria Software
 
PDF
Decoding the DNA: The Digital Networks Act, the Open Internet, and IP interco...
byCSUC - Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya
 
PDF
Zero Trust & Defense-in-Depth: The Future of Critical Infrastructure Security
bysleepandremedies
 
Incident Response Planning with a Foundation Model
byKim Hammar
 
Igniting the Future: Copilot trends, agentic transformation and product roadm...
byUni Systems S.M.S.A.
 
eResource Scheduler Enterprise Resource Management and Scheduling Software.pdf
byeResource Scheduler
 
Ritesh_kumar_Aatmanirbhar Bharat: Make in India, Make for the World.pptx
byriteshrkgs2008
 
Taming the Chaos: How to Turn Unstructured Data into Decisions
bySafe Software
 
Cleveland, OH Developer Group Dec 2, 2025 Slides for December Demos
byLynda Kane
 
Top Cybersecurity Threats 2025 Guide by Sureshdas
byPrintersassist
 
Tracing the Thread: Decoding the Decision-Making Process with GraphRAG
byEnterprise Knowledge
 
AI Technology important knowledge ......
byutkarshj2007
 
Agentic Automation for Testers – A Hands-On Deep Dive
byUiPathCommunity
 
API206-S: Transforming Supply Chains with Amazon Bedrock AgentCore - AWS re:I...
byChris Bingham
 
HCI and Its Impact on individual quality of life.pdf
byParham Abolghasemi
 
The Ultimate Guide to Problem Management Dashboards for IT Teams.pdf
byomnex systems
 
Accelerating Responsible AI Adoption in Public Sector and Private Organizations.
bysleepandremedies
 
Knowing and Doing: Knowledge graphs, AI, and work
bymarainglezakis1
 
Cybersecurity Prevention and Detection Specialization
byVICTOR MAESTRE RAMIREZ
 
Basics of Identity Access Management In mordern Infrastructure
byPrinceXavier18
 
ElyriaSoftware — Powering the Future with Blockchain Innovation
byElyria Software
 
Decoding the DNA: The Digital Networks Act, the Open Internet, and IP interco...
byCSUC - Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya
 
Zero Trust & Defense-in-Depth: The Future of Critical Infrastructure Security
bysleepandremedies
 

Chapter 1 - Introduction to the World of Computer .pdf

  • 1.
    Chapter 1: Introduction toComputing World of Computers
  • 2.
    Learning Objectives 2 1. Explainwhy it is essential to learn about computers today and discuss several ways computers are integrated into our business and persona l lives. 2. Define a computer and describe its primary operations. 3. List some important milestones in computer evolution. 4. Identify the major parts of a personal computer,including input,processing,output,storage,and communications ha rdware. 5. Define softwa re and understand how it is used to instruct the computer what to do.
  • 3.
    Learning Objectives 3 6. Listthe six basic types of computers,giving at least one example of each type of computer and stating what that computer might be used for. 7. Explain what a network,the Internet, and the World Wide Web are,as well as how computers, people,and Web pages are identified on the Internet. 8. Describe how to access a Web page and navigate through a Web site. 9. Discuss the societal impact of computers, including some benefits and risks related to their prominence in our society.
  • 4.
    Overview 4 • This chaptercovers: - What computers are,how they work, and how they are used - Computer terminology - An overview of the history of computers - The basic types of computers in use today - An overview of networks and the Internet - Societal impacts of computers
  • 5.
    5 • Why learnabout computers? - Pervasive computing • Also known as ubiquitous computing • Computers have become an integral part of our lives - Basic computer literacy • Knowing about and understa nding computers and their uses is an essential skill today for everyone Computers in Your Life
  • 6.
    Computers in YourLife 6 • Before 1980 - Computers were large,expensive - Very few people had access to them - Computers were mostly used for high-volume processing tasks • Microcomputers in the early 80s - Inexpensive personal computers - Computer use increased dramatically
  • 7.
    7 • Today - Morethan 80% of US households include a computer,and most use computers at work - Electronic devices are converging into single units with multiple capabilities • Computer is no longer an isolated productivity tool • Check e-mail on living room television • View internet content on mobile phone or another mobile device - Computer literacy • Knowing about and understa nding computers and their uses is an essential skill for everyone Computers in Your Life
  • 8.
    Computers in theHome 8 • Computers used for a variety of tasks: - Looking up information and news - Exchanging e-mail - Shopping and paying bills - Watching TV and videos - Downloading music and movies - Organizing digital photographs - Playing games - Making vacation plans
  • 9.
    Computers in theHome 9 • Wireless networking - Computers can be used in nearly any location • Smart appliances - Traditional appliances with built-in computer or communication technology • Smart homes - Household tasks are monitored and controlled by a main computer in the house
  • 10.
    Computers in theHome 10 REFERENCE AND COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCTIVITY ENTERTAINMENT
  • 11.
    Computers in Education 11 • Youth today can be called the computing generation • Most students today have access to computers at school - Some schools integrate e-books into the curriculum • Colleges and universities are even more integrated - Wireless hotspots allow usage of personal laptops to connect to the college network - Some colleges require a computer for enrollment • Distance learning - Students participate from locations other than the traditiona l classroom setting using computers and Internet access
  • 12.
    Computers in Education 12 COMPUTER LABSAND CLASSROOMS J I .. .C- i CAMPUS WIRELESS HOTSPOTS DISTANCE LEARNING
  • 13.
    Computers on theJob 1 3 • Computers have become a universal on-the-job tool for decision-making, productivity, and communication - Used by all types of employees - Used for access control and other security measures - Use by service professionals is growing - Used extensively by the military - Employees in all lines of work need to continually refresh their computer skills
  • 14.
    Computers on theJob 1 4 OFF-SITE COMMUNICATIONS AIJfHEHTIC ATION
  • 15.
    Computers on theGo 1 5 • Computers are encountered in nearly every aspect of daily life - Consumer kiosks - ATM transactions - POS systems at retail stores - Self-checkout systems - Consumer authentication systems - Portable computers or mobile devices - GPS systems
  • 16.
    What Is aComputer and What Does It Do? 1 6 • Computer - A programma ble,electronic device that accepts data, performs operations on that data, and stores the data or results as needed - Computers follow instructions,called programs, which determine the tasks the computer will perform • Basic operations - Input: Entering data into the computer - Processing: Performing operations on the data - Output: Presenting the results - Storage: Saving data, programs, or output for future use - Communications: Sending or receiving data
  • 17.
    What Is aComputer and What Does It Do? 1 7 2 + 5 = 7 INPUT User types in the numbers 2 and 5. PROCESSING Computer adds 2 and 5. 7 7 STORAGE Computer saves the output tor future use. OUTPUT Computer displays the results (output). F IGURE 1 -6 TheI nformation processingcyde.
  • 18.
    Data vs. Information 18 • Data - Raw, unorganized facts - Can be in the form of text, graphics, audio,or video • Information - Data that has been processed into a meaningful form • Information processing - Converting data into information
  • 19.
    Computers Then andNow 1 9 • The computer as we know it is a fairly recent invention • The history of computers is often referred to in terms of generations • Each new generation is characterized by a major technological development • Precomputers and early computers (before 1946) - Abacus, slide rule, mechanical calculator - Punch Card Tabulating Machine and Sorter
  • 20.
    Computers Then andNow 20 • PRECOMPUTERS AND EARLY COMPUTERS Dr. Herman Hollerith's Punch Card Tabulating Machine and Sorter is an example of an early computing device. It was used to process the 1890 U.S.Census data.
  • 21.
    Computers Then andNow 21 • First-generation computers {1946-1957) - Enormous and powered by vacuum tubes - Used a great deal of electricity and generated a lot of heat - ENIAC and UNIVAC • Second-generation computers {1958-1963) - Used transistors - Computers were smaller,more powerful,cheaper,more energy-efficient,and more reliable - Punch cards and magnetic tape were used to input and store data
  • 22.
    Computers Then andNow 22 R RST-GENERATION COMPUTERS Rrst-generation computers,such as ENIAC shown here,were large and bulky,used vacuum tubes, and had to be physically wired and reset to ru n programs. SECOND-GENERATION COMPUTERS Second-generation computers, such as the IBM 1401mainframe shown here, used transistors instead of vacuum tubes so they were smaller, faster, and more reliable than first-generation computers.
  • 23.
    Computers Then andNow 23 • Third-generation computers (1964-1970) - Used integrated circuits ( ICs) - Keyboards and monitors introduced • Fourth-generation computers (1971-present) - Use microprocessors - IBM PC,Apple Macintosh - Use keyboards, mice,monitors,and printers - Use magnetic disks, flash memory,a nd optical disks for storage - Computer networks,wireless technologies, Internet introduced
  • 24.
    Computers Then andNow 24 TH IRD-GENERATION COMPUTERS Third-generation c-0mputers used integrated circuits which allowed the introduction of smaller computers,such as the IBM System/ 360 mainframe shown here. RlJRTH-<CNERATION COMPUTI:RS Fourth-generation computers, such as the originalIBM PC shown here, are based on microprocessors.Most of today's computers faft into this category.
  • 25.
    Computers Then andNow 25 • Fifth-generati on (now and the future) - Infancy stage - No precise classification - May be based on artificial intelligence (Al) - Will likely use voice and touch input - May be based on optical computers and utilize nanotechnology
  • 26.
    Hardware 26 • Hardware: The physicalparts of a computer - Internal hardware • Located inside the main box (system unit) of the computer - External hardware • Located outside the system unit • Connect to the computer via a wired or wireless connection - Hardware devices are associated with all five computer operations
  • 27.
    Hardware 27 • Input devices -Used to input data into the computer - Keyboards,mice,sca nners, cameras,microphones, joysti cks,touch pads, touch screens,fingerprint readers, etc. • Processing devices - Perform calculations and control computer's operation - Central processing unit (CPU) and memory • Output devices - Present results to the user - Monitors, printers, speakers, projectors, etc.
  • 28.
    • Storage devices -Used to store data on or access data from storage media - Hard drives, CD/DVD discs and drives, USB flash drives, etc. • Communications devices - Allow users to communicate with others and to electronically access remote information - Modems,network adapters,etc. 28 Hardware
  • 29.
    FLASHMEM O R Y CARDREAD E R Re adsandwrites flash memOf'/ cards Hardware 29 MICROPH ONE captures spoken Input. MONITORPRINTER Producesprinted cop i es of computer casethatconta i nstheCPU , memory, ets yuuseeyour powersupply,storagedevices, and workasyou !J); the a l otheri nternalhardware. primaryotJ!pt.tdevice. output. I DVODRIVE HARDDRIVE Readsandl ocatedinsidethe writesC Oand DVDdiscs. systemuni stores programsandmostdata. S YSTEMU NIT SPEAKERS - = = = = = :: P roduceaudio output. U SBPORTS Connect external devicesthat usethe USSinterface. - - - - ; - ROUT ER Connectsdevicesso theycansharean Internet connection anddata. KE YBOARD Used totype instructionsintothe computer,a prima11 inputdevice. CDANDDVDDISCS Usedtodeliverprograms andstorel arge mu l timediafiles. MOU SE Usedtomakeon- screenselections; aprimaryi nput device. Fl ASHMEMORYCARDS Usedto storedig i tal photos, music files,andothercontent. MOD EM Connectsthecomputer to the I nternet. U SBFLASHDRIVE Used tostoredoctlments, digitalphotos, musicfiles,and othercontentto emoved fromone PCtoanother. FIGURE 1 · 9 Typia il computer hanlware.
  • 30.
    Software 30 • Software - Theprograms or instructions used to tell the computer hardware what to do • System software - Operating system starts up the computer and controls its operation - Without OS, computer cannot function - Boots the computer and launches programs at the user's direction - Most use a GUI to interact with the user via windows, icons,menus, buttons,etc. - Windows,Mac OS,Linux,etc.
  • 31.
    Software 31 W INDOWSDE S K T O P Pro vides thebackdrop for icons.windows.andother objects. IC ONS Representfolders. documents,orotheritems thatcanbeopened. WINDOWS Rectangu larareascontainingprograms. documents.orotherdata.Th eactive windowistheonecurrentlybeingused. MENUBA R Opensmenus thatcanbeused to Issuecommanas. T O O L B A R- - - - -t = . : :;:; ;-- , Containsbuttons oriconsthatcan beusedtoissue commands. STA RTBUTION Opens theStart menuthat is usedto launch programs. Representprograms that canbeopened correspondtoopenwindows;canbe usedto preview thumbnailsofopenwindows.aswell directlyfromthetaskbar. as l ochangetheactivewindow. DIALOGBO X Displayedwhenneededto request informationfrom theuser. FIGURE 1·10 TheWindows de1k1op. SIZINGBUTT ONS Resizeorclosea w indow. HYPERLINK Issuesacommandtothe computerwhendicked. TA S KBA R Usuallylocatedatthe bottomofthedesktop. NO TIFICA TIONA RE A Sho ws theclockand otherindicators.
  • 32.
    Application Software 32 • Applicationsoftware - Performs specific tasks or applications • Creating letters, budgets, etc. • Managing inventory and customer databases • Editing photographs • Schedul ing appointments • Viewing Web pages • Sending and receiving e-mail • Recording/playing CDs and DVDs • Designing homes • Playing games
  • 33.
    Application Software • •I( , ; ,.. 'O 1 =·1 .. :::-· i l 'i• t i ' ..... • ·A 1 'w •a! i · · - · " FILMW ATCH DIVIS ION M ARKET ING PLAN 2014 7 y· s D T l'LN1Jj,J 101JO>U.lw.A,,.Jt·,.,: .rr'll.s.su'A:.11 IHTitODUCTIO:il - - - - - - , ........-lrh . . . . , , .. _. . . ... "'°......._ .41"-taiPtHl<'l(.allrlP..ii• t...l l.,W11trfl .... -...... !- . d lfl l t l l l t . - dew-,...t. _ . . . , . _ •• •P l WORD PROCESSING PROGRAMS Allow users to create written documents, such as reports,letters,and memos. l :::; 0 · .. _ . _ . _ - . - _ _ " '_ " '". . _ ,I - ·- - · ar - . ....... · - -... • ,, .....I r .... . .. _ .... · ..- - . . - ...oot - lllf lW r - . . . . : =;: - - r '= l . lK . t • J koool. .-...... . ,,., ...,. .- ........ n .. . . , . . ... W l, . . . _ . . . . .. » ..., _ n , _ u ....,,.. ...,...,._ u '4 ' - '- 11 ho! .. .,......... ... Jtnt f ) I J ' Jiu• 1.NUuS1'1tY . . . . 0 .... MUIJIMEDIA PROGRAMS Allow users to play music or videos and transfer content to CDs and DVDs. ... .. .... · I s . - .... . ..,_ " •• ' Tlv. . . .. c . - "" tl.. . I .. .... .. c - ... . .. .. c - ... ·- • • ... ... .. . • •W ...- . ... .. 'not. . I C - .... "' • • " .. •• ... ""'" FIGURE 1 11 Ex.amples of appllcatlon software. 33 w ... .,. ,
  • 34.
    U Alaskan watersproduce the b est, sweetest crab Try our Crabfest entrees each under $20. v1 ower.bt m s. . ,i.1 u] WEB BROWSERS Allow users to view Web pages and other information located on the Internet. _.,. . .....'-'· · . · ).I- • - -ll · " """ ''. . ,_ , - · -:. t .,,.....,.I le - . - · ci ; a ........._ w " ,.. . '/... . )=:.,. • p • , . . " ' - '. . . . . .. . . . ,. w , . , . , . ' . w n 1: u H n • U t t l t Jll llll .JJ • l ' l'S X Jf :S ....- Qofnl• r,J o.1 ........ · . . . . . - t.JC - ' !1 " " ' - i . . . . . i o • • • • " N ,....,,. ' - -..ltwo<. a » U _ _,... ·- ,....... ...- .p · _.. . _ ) C - _ . . . _ W -· ...· -- "- -°' S ...0 - "M ''l" n o ,, . ) c - . i t . . . . . . W t - t . . . . . . _ , _ ...., . ..,, -----· - ..... - .. - ,,· . -............. i i . . .,. · · -- ::;; .. ..., . .. .. "'.-."'- - 0 '!' > ..... !l ; ; 8 ,- _ ., _ ,....... ... .l:'-"""..... . ; ; lC - . - ld-...uit - · - M o o _ _ ..__ _ . 1 , S - ,...t_o. E-MAIL PROGRAMS Allow users to compose, send, receive, and manage electronic messages sent over the Internet or a private network. I CURE 1- 11 Examples of appllcatlon software. Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition 34 Application Software
  • 35.
    Computer Users andProfessionals 35 • Computer users (end users) - People who use a computer to obtain information • Computer professionals include: - Programmers • Write programs computers use - Systems analysts • Design computer systems - Computer operations personnel • Manage day-to-day computer operations - Security specia lists • Secure computers and networks against hackers
  • 36.
    Computers To FitEvery Need 36 • Six basic categories of computers: - Embedded computers - Mobile devices - Personal computers - Midrange servers - Mainframe computers - Supercomputers
  • 37.
    Embedded Computers 37 • Embeddedcomputer - Embedded into a product and designed to perform specific tasks or functions for that product - Cannot be used as general-purpose computers F I GURE 1-12 - Often embedded into: • Household appliances • Thermostats • Sewing machines • A/V equipment • Answering machines • Cars Acameralocate<Iunderthe mirrordetects movingvehicles I n l he driver's bffodspot. Afightindicalesthat a movingveh i clei sInthe drtver" s blind spot.
  • 38.
    Mobile Devices 38 • Mobiledevice - A very small device with some type of built-in computing or Internet capability - Often based on a mobile phone - Typically have small screens and keyboards - Examples: • Smartphones • Handheld gaming devices • Portable digital media players • Mobile tablets
  • 39.
    Personal Computers 39 • Personalcomputer Small computer designed to be used by one person at a time Also called a microcomputer Available in different sizes and shapes • Desktop computers Fit on or next to a desk Can use tower case, desktop case, or all-in-one Can be PC-compatible or Macintosh Not designed to be portable PC-COMPAJIBLE TOWER COMMEllS De5ktop computers.
  • 40.
    Portable Computers 40 • PortableComputers - Designed to be carried around easily - Fully functional computers - Notebook (laptop} computers • Typically use a clamshell design - Ta blet Computers • Usually use a digital pen/stylus or touch screen • Can be slate or convertible tablets
  • 41.
    Portable Computers 4 1 Netbooks •Smaller,lighter, and less expensive than conventional notebooks • Longer battery life • Good for students and business travelers FIGURE 1 16 Portable com puters. 1 1 ,_.....: : : : : . . . . . , , . ._,, _l ! ;g j _ NOTEBOOKS TABLETS NETBOOKS
  • 42.
    4 2 • Thinclient or network computer ( NC) - Device designed to access a network for processing and data storage - Lower cost,increased security and easier maintenance - Limited or no local storage - Not able to function as a computer if network is down • Internet appliance - Specialized network computer designed for Internet access and/or e-mail excha nge - Some designed to be used in the home Thin Client and Internet Appliances
  • 43.
    Thin Client andInternet Appliances • Can be built into another product such as a refrigerator or telephone console • Can be a stand-alone device • Can include Internet-enabled gaming consoles Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition 4 3 THIN CLIENTS STANO-ALONE INTERNET DEVICES F IGURE 1 16 Thin d lents and Internet appliancea. INTERNET-ENABLED GAMING CONSOLES
  • 44.
    Midrange Servers 4 4 •Midrange server - A medium-sized computer used to host programs and data for a small network - Sometimes referred to as a microcomputer - Users connect via a network with a computer, thin client, or dumb terminal - May consist of a collection of individual circuit boards called blades - Virtualization Creating virtual rather than actual environments (often used to share a server for increased efficiency) FIGURE 1-17 M idrange se1Yer" Theuserconnectsl ol he server usl1 1 gacomputer,th i n cllen ordumb termIMl. Theserveri stypically storedi1a nearbycloset or otheroo t--01 -thewayplace.
  • 45.
    Mainframe Computers 4 5 •Mainframe computer - Powerful computer used by many large orga nizations to manage large amounts of centra lized data - Standard choice for hospita ls,universities,large businesses,banks, government offices - Located in climate-controlled data centers and connected to the rest of the company computers via a network - Larger,more expensive,and more powerful than midrange servers - Usually operate 24 hours a day - Also called high-end servers or enterprise-class servers
  • 46.
    Mainframe Computers 4 6 FIGURE1-18 Mainframe computers.
  • 47.
    Supercomputers 4 7 • Supercomputer -Fastest, most expensive, most powerful type of computer - Generally run one program at a time, as fast as possible - Commonly built by connecting hundreds of smaller computers, supercomputi ng cluster - Used for space exploration, missile guidance, satellites, weather forecast, oil exploration, scientific research, complex Web sites, decision support systems, 30 applications, etc.
  • 48.
    Supercomputers 4 8 FIGURE 119 The Tlanhe-1A supercomputer.
  • 49.
    Computer Networks andthe Internet 49 • Computer network - A collection of hardware and other devices that are connected together - Users can share hardware,software,and data - Users can communicate with each other • Network servers - Manage resources on a network
  • 50.
    Computer Networks andthe Internet 50 • Computer networks exist in many sizes and types - Home networks - School and small business networks Large corporate Public wireless networks - The Internet
  • 51.
    Computer Networks andthe Internet 51 BETIY'S PC WEB PAGE TiiE or Mary) r:1 / INTERNET - -i..:i-- FllfS (for Tom) -r INTEllNET fu l l(lo : eQ Example of a computer network. F I GURE 1-20 MARY'S PC - - - ....J ?' NETWORK SERVER TOM'S PC E -MAIL (loacustome Q CONNECTION
  • 52.
    What are theInternet and the World Wide Web? 52 • Internet - The largest and most well-known computer network in the world - Individuals connect to the Internet using an Internet service provider (ISP} • World Wide Web - One resource (a vast collection of Web pages} available through the Internet - Web sites conta in Web pages stored on Web servers - Web pages viewed using a Web browser ( Internet Explorer, Chrome,Safari,Firefox,Opera, etc.} - A wide variety of information is available through the Web
  • 53.
    What are theInternet and the World Wide Web .,.__ - - ·-- --- ------ . Gough ! = == .- -·· · · · - - 11-:: 'S !.'. - - - .•. • - -· - · . · ._.- ¥ ACCESSING PRODUCT INFORMATION LOOKING UP REFERENCE INFORMATION READING NEWS I .... .. L L .. SHOPPING ACCESSING SOCIAL NETWORKS WATCHING TV SHOWS AND MOVIES FIGURE 1 21 Some common Web activities. 53
  • 54.
    Accessing a Networkor the Internet 54 • Need a modem or network ada pter to connect • Some networks require a username and password • Internet connections can be: - Direct (always-on) connections - Dial-up connections • Internet addresses are used to access resources on the Internet - IP {Internet Protocol) address • Numeric address that identifies computers (207.46. 197.32)
  • 55.
    Accessing a Networkor the Internet 55 - IP addresses and domain names • Text-based address that identifies computers (microsoft.com) - Uniform resource locators ( URLs) • Identify Web pages (http://twitter.com/jobs/i ndex.html) - E-mail addresses • Identifies people for e-mail exc hange (jsmith@ cengage.com)
  • 56.
    IP Addresses andDomain Names 56 • IP addresses are numeric and unique • Domain names Correspond to IP addresses Top-level domains (TLDs) identifies type of organization or its location Custom TLDs may soon be allowed FIGURE 1 22 Sample top- evel domains (TLDs). ORIGINAL TLDS .com .edu INTENDED USE Commercial businesses Educational institutions Government OrQ_at11zat1ons . ov .Int tnrernational treat)' organizations .mil Mi itary organizations .net Network providers and ISPs .org Noncommercial organizations NEWER TLDS .aero .biz INTENDED USE Aviation industry B usinesses .fr French businesses .info .jobs Resource s ites Emp loyment sites ·"1ob1 .name S ites optimized to· mobile devices l nd1v1duals . plO Llcen ed professionals .uk Un ited Kingdom businesses 0
  • 57.
    Uniform Resou rceLocators (URLs) 57 • Uniform Resource Locators ( URLs) - Uniquely identifies a Web page • Protocol or sta ndard being used • Identification of the Web server • Names of folders in which the Web page file is stored • Web page's filename
  • 58.
    Uniform Resource Locators(URLs) 58 • Protocols: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (http://) istypically used to display Web pages (https:// is used for secure Web pages) File Transfer Protocol (ftp://) is often used for file exchange Web page URLs usually begin with the standard protocol identifierhttp://. This part of the URL identifies the Web server hosting the Webpage. Next comes tile folder(s) in which the Web page is stored,if necessary. This is the Web page document thatis to be retrieved and displayed. http://www.twitter.com/home/index.html
  • 59.
    E-mail Addresses 59 • E-mailaddresses consist of: Username • A person's identifying name for a particular domain - The @ symbol Domain name for the computer that will be handling the person's e-ma il (mail server) • Pronouncing Internet addresses ITYPE OF ADDRESS Domain name SAMPLE ADDRESS berkeley.edu PRONUNCIATION berkeley dot e d u URL mtcroeott.oomlwindOtoYolie/default .aep m;oro-11oft dat com elaeh windowo elae-h i e slaeh default dot a e p E -mail addreea [email protected] preeident at white houoe dot gov
  • 60.
    Surfing the Web 60 • Web browser - Used to display Web pages • Browser starting page or home page - The first page displayed when the browser is opened • To navigate to a Web page,you can: - Type a URL in the Address bar - Click a hyperlink -graphics or text linked to other Web pages - Select a Favorite/Bookma rk or page from the History list
  • 61.
    Surfing the Web TOOLBARS Includethe Back and Forward buttons.and the Favorites bar. ADDRESS BAR Type a URL In the Address bar and press Enter to display the corresponding Webpage. Ol'IW . . . . w......• - ----- ------ _...... /endemics . - . . - - I HYPE RLIN KS DC.JI Point to a hypertlnk tosee the corresponding URL onthe status bar:cl ck the hyperllnk to dlsplay that page. STATUS BAR Includes zoom opUons and security Indicators. TABS Click the rightmost tab to opena new tab. FAVORITES BAR AND LIST Click a page name t> display that Web page. FAVORITES BUTTON Click to display the Favontes list F IGURE1 25 Surfing the Web wllll nternet Explorer. URLs, i'rjparink.s, and favortt9B oan be usod 10 display Webpages. l t ! --- I .,. _ . = - - - < __- _......_ ..... _ ...... - _- ..i -- -- -- - - - . .,_ - --- = -===- - -- - -- ·- -- · =-- --· -- - - == = - -==· - < - 6 1
  • 62.
    Searching the Web 62 • Search site: • Web page that helpsyou find Web pages containing the information you are seeking OTHER SEARCHES Use these options to search for Images, news, video,products for sale,and more. FIGURE 1 26 TheGoogle seuch site displayedI n the Chrome browser ,,..... I- - Typically search using keywords" i Reference Sites Look up addresses, i 0 i I telephone numbers, ZIP codes, J • . . . . .. . ..., . 0 . Google I...,.• • maps, etc. KEYWORD SEARCHES Since theWeb optionIs selected,type key words llere and press Enter to see a list of Web pages matehing your search criteria. ADVANCED SEARCHES aick todisplay a fill- inform to perform a morespecific search.
  • 63.
    E-Mail 6 3 • Electronicmail (e-mail) - Electronic messages exchanged between computers on a network - One of the most widely used Internet applications - Can be conventional e-mail program,Web-based ,or mobile-based Conventional Microsoft Outlook Microsoft Mail Web-based Gmail Windows Live Mail
  • 64.
    E-Mail 6 4 - Canconta in photos,attached files,etc. - Mobile e-mail may require a fee - Other types of mobile communications • Short Message Service (SMS) • Multimedia Message Service ( MMS)
  • 65.
    E-Mail 6 5 SENDER'S COM PUTER - -- -- SENDER'S MAIL SERVER { .2l RECIPIENT'S MAILSERVERI 9 I ! B 1 E " 8 1 i ! 0 I § 1 i 1 e j The sender composes a message and sendsiito the recipient via hisor her e-mailaddress. The e-mail messageis·sent over the Internet through tile sender's mailserver tothe recip ient's mailserver, r. 7$0 1 @state.edu J The recipient requests his or her messages rrom the mail server and the messageis displayed. -----. RECIPIENT'S COMPUTER FIGURE 1 27 Mow e-mailworks.
  • 66.
    Computers and Society 66 • The vast improvements in technology over the past decade have had a distinct impact on daily life, both at home and at work • Many benefits of a computer-oriented society - Ability to design products before construction leads to safer prod ucts - Earlier medical diagnoses and more effective treatment - Devices that allow physically and/or visually challenged individuals to perform job tasks - Documents e-mailed or faxed in moments - Download information, music, programs, movies, and more on demand
  • 67.
    Computers and Society 67 • Computer-oriented society also has risks - Stress and health concerns - Spam - Computer viruses and malwa re - Identity theft and phishing - Privacy issues • How data is collected • How secure is the collected data
  • 68.
    Computers and Society 68 • Differences in online communications - Less formal tha n traditional - Netiquette • Be polite and considerate of others • Refrain from offensive remarks - Abbreviations (acronyms) and emoticons • Acronyms such as BTW (by the way) • Illustrations of faces-- ©
  • 69.
    Computers and Society 69 RULE Use descriptive subiectlines Don't shout Watch what you say EXPLANATION Use short, descriptive subject lines for e-mail messages and onhne posts. For example, "Question regarding MP3 downloads" is much better than a vague title, such as "Question.• SHOUTING REFERS TO TYPING YOUR ENTIR E E-MAIL MESSAGE OR ONLINE POST USING CAPITAL LETTERS. Use capital letters only when it 1s grammatically correct to do so or for emphas121ng a few words. Things that you say or write online can be interpreted as being sexist, racist, ethnocentric, xenophob ic, or in just general bad taste. Also check spelling and grammar-typos look unprofessional and nobody likes wading through poorly written materials. Avoid e-mail overload Don't send spam, which 1s unsol cated bulk e-mail and the Internet equivalent of junk mail. The same goes for forwarding e-mail chain letters or every joke you run across to everyone in your address book. Be cautious Don't give out personalinformalton-such as your real name, telephone number, or credit card information-to people you meet online Think before you send Once you send an e-mail or teX"t message or post something online, you lose control of it. Don't send messages that include content (such as compromising photos) that you would not want shared with others. FIGURE 1-30 Netiquette. Use these netiquene guidelioos and common 891se when communicating online.
  • 70.
    Computers and Society •The Anonymity Factor - Gives many individua ls a sense of freedom - Can also be abused • Information Integrity - Use common sense when eva luating online content - Check your source--not all information on the Internet is accurate 70
  • 71.
    Summary 71 • Computers inYour Life • What is a Computer and What Does It Do? • Computers to Fit Every Need • Computer Networks and the Internet • Computers and Society