C programming Workshop

9801 200 111 | info@neosphere.com.np
Programming with C

Welcome to the Workshop
Programming with C

Objective
Gain practical coding experience with C

Fundamental of software development
Application
Software
Games, MS Office,
Browser etc.
System Software
Operating System,
Tools & Utilities,
Compilers
Hardware
Disk, CPU, RAM
https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/system-software
System Software
https://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/definition/application
Application Software
C

Web Desktop Mobile
▪ Java
▪ .NET
▪ PHP
▪ Python
▪ Others
▪ Java
▪ .NET
▪ Python
▪ Others
▪ Android (java, Kotlin)
▪ iOS (Swift)
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
s
Types of
Application

Algorithm
oHow to solve a class of problems.
oAlgorithms can perform calculation, data
processing, and automated reasoning tasks

Facebook Login Algorithm

Algorithms can perform calculation, data
processing, and automated reasoning tasks
Question?

Symbols and
Description

Tools to generate flowchart
https://www.draw.io/
Q: Compare Two Numbers

Introduction to C Programming
•C is a procedural programming language
•Developed by Dennis Ritchie
•Mainly developed as a system programming
language to write operating system

n is used to move the control onto the next line
t is used to give a horizontal tab i.e. continuous five spaces
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
printf(“welcome to C Programming”);
}
Header File
preprocessor
directive
return type
function
main
function
block

#include Directive
#include directive tells the preprocessor
to insert the contents of another file into
the source code at the point where the
#include directive is found

Question
Question:
Write a Program to print your name and address

Escape Characters
Symbol Description
n New Line
t Horizontal tab
v Vertical Tab
a Alarm

b Backspace

Data Types
Primary data types:
fundamental data types in C namely integer
Derived data types:
array, structure, union and pointer

Data Types

Integer
Type Size(bytes) Range
int or signed int 2 -32,768 to 32767
unsigned int 2 0 to 65535
short int or signed short int 1 -128 to 127
unsigned short int 1 0 to 255
long int or signed long int 4 -2,147,483,648 to
2,147,483,647
unsigned long int 4 0 to 4,294,967,295

Floating Point Type
Float 4 3.4E-38 to 3.4E+38
double 8 1.7E-308 to 1.7E+308
long double 10 3.4E-4932 to 1.1E+4932

Character type
char 1 -128 to 127

Variables
int a = 10;
Data Type Variable Value
Assignment Operator

Format Specifier
Format specifier Description Supported data types
%c Character
char
unsigned char
%d Signed Integer
short
unsigned short
int
long
%e or %E
Scientific notation of float
values
float
double
%f Floating point float

Operators
An operator is a symbol which operates on a value or
a variable. For example: + is an operator to perform
addition.

Operators
1. Arithmetic Operators
2. Increment and Decrement Operators
3. Assignment Operators
4. Relational Operators
5. Logical Operators
6. Bitwise Operators
7. sizeof Operator
8. Ternary Operator

Program
void main()
{
int a = 9,b = 4,c;
c = a+b;
printf("a+b = %d n",c);
}

Break
15 mins

Input from user
void main()
{
int a,b;
printf(“Input any number”);
scanf(“%d%d”,&a,&b);
printf(“Number is %d %d”,a,b);
}

b
a 10
30
&a
&b

Assignment Operator
Operator Example Same as
= a = b a = b
+= a += b a = a+b
-= a -= b a = a-b
*= a *= b a = a*b
/= a /= b a = a/b
%= a %= b a = a%b

Relational Operator
Operator Meaning of Operator Example
== Equal to 5 == 3 returns 0
> Greater than 5 > 3 returns 1
< Less than 5 < 3 returns 0
!= Not equal to 5 != 3 returns 1
>=
Greater than or equal
to
5 >= 3 returns 1
<= Less than or equal to 5 <= 3 return 0

Logical Operator
Operator Meaning of Operator Example
&&
Logial AND. True only if all
operands are true
If c = 5 and d = 2 then,
expression ((c == 5) && (d
> 5)) equals to 0.
||
Logical OR. True only if
either one operand is true
If c = 5 and d = 2 then,
expression ((c == 5) || (d >
5)) equals to 1.
!
Logical NOT. True only if
the operand is 0
If c = 5 then, expression !
(c == 5) equals to 0.

Bitwise
Operators Meaning of operators
& Bitwise AND
| Bitwise OR
^ Bitwise exclusive OR
~ Bitwise complement
<< Shift left
>> Shift right

Ternary Operator (?:)
conditionalExpression ? expression1 : expression2

Question
Write a program to add two numbers

Control Statement
•Decision making statements
•Selection statements
•Iteration statements
•Jump statements

If Statement
if (condition)
{
statements
}

If…else Statement
if (condition)
{
statements;
}else{
Statement/s;
}

Question
Write a program to compare two numbers…
if the number is even or Odd

If…else if…else Statement
if(condition1)
{
// statement(s);
}
else if(condition2)
{
//statement(s);
}
………
else
{
//statement(s);
}

Switch
switch( expression )
{
case constant-expression1:
statements1;
break;
statements2;
break;
statements3;
break;
default :
statements4;
}

Loops
Entry Controlled Exit Controlled
▪ while
▪ for
▪ do…while

While
int n, i=1;
clrscr ();
printf ("enter the values of n");
scanf ("%d", &n);
printf ("natural numbers from 1 to %d ", n);
while (i<=n)
{
printf ("%d t", i);
i++;
}

for
int n,i;
clrscr();
printf("enter any number");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=1,i<=n,i++)
{
printf(“%d”,i);
}

Break
Day-1

do…while
int n,i=1;
clrscr();
printf("enter any number");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("natural numbers from 1 to %d",n);
do
{
printf("%dt",i);
i++;
}while(i<=n);

Print multiplication table of any numbers from 1 to 20

Function

Function
We have 2 types of functions:
1.Standard library functions
2.User-defined functions

Function
• Function declaration
• Function calling
• Function definition

Function
return type function_name(argument list)
{
code block;
}

Function
#include < stdio.h>
#include < conio.h>
void speakHello(); /* Function Declaration */
void main()
{
clrscr();
speakHello(); /* Function Calling */
getch();
}
void speakHello() /* Function Definition*/
{
printf("n WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF C LANGUAGE");
}

Function –return statement
#include < stdio.h>
int speakHello(int, int); /* Function Declaration */
void main()
{
clrscr();
printf(“%d”, speakHello(12,21)); /* Function Calling */
getch();
}
int speakHello(int x, int y) /* Function Definition*/
{
return (x+y);
}

Array
type variable_name[lengthofarray];
int min[9];

Array
int min[5];
45 56 89 11 22
min[0] min[1] min[2] min[3] min[4]
CONTINOUS MEMORY LOCATIONS

Array
int myArray[5] = {1,2,3,4,5};
for (int i=0;i<5;i++){
printf("%d", myArray[i]);
}

Question
Find the greatest number in an array

Array – Multidimensional
int values [3] [4]
Size: 3x4 = 12[0,0] [0,1] [0,2] [0,3] [0,4]
[1,0] [1,1] [1,2] [1,3] [1,4]
[2,0] [2,1] [2,2] [2,3] [2,4]

Array – Multidimensional
int values [3] [4] = {
{
1, 2, 3, 4
}
{
5, 6, 7, 8
}
{
9, 10, 11, 12
}
};
Size: 3x4 = 12

Find the sum of matrix
for(i=0;i<r;++i)
for(j=0;j<c;++j)
{
sum[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j];
}

Pointers
pointer is a variable that contains an address
which is a location of another variable in
memory

Pointers
Datatype *pointer name
The asterisk (*) tells the variable ‘p’ is a pointer
variable.
‘p’ needs a memory location.
‘p’ points to a variable of type datatype.
int *p

Pointer
int a=10;
int *b;
b=&a;
printf("value of a=%d n",a);
printf("value of a=%d n",*(&a));
printf("value of a=%d n",*b);
printf("address of a=%u n",&a);
printf("address of a=%u n",b);
printf("address of b=%u n",&b);
printf("value of b=address of a=%u n",b);

Pointer- Arithmetic
int main()
{
int m = 5, n = 10, o = 0;
int *p1;
int *p2;
int *p3;
p1 = &m; //printing the address of m
p2 = &n; //printing the address of n
printf("p1 = %dn", p1);
printf("p2 = %dn", p2);
o = *p1+*p2;
printf("*p1+*p2 = %dn", o);//point 1

Pointer- Arithmetic
p3 = p1-p2;
printf("p1 - p2 = %dn", p3); //point 2
p1++;
printf("p1++ = %dn", p1); //point 3
p2--;
printf("p2-- = %dn", p2); //point 4
//Below line will give ERROR
printf("p1+p2 = %dn", p1+p2); //point
5
return 0;
}

File Handling in C
•
•
•
•
•
•

Code
https://github.com/ratneshkr/cpro/blob/master/filehandle.c

6th floor, Indra City Square
Email: info@neosphere.com.np
Phone: 9801 200 111

C programming Workshop

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