Expressions using operator in c

 C supports a large set of built-in operators.
 An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to
perform certain mathematical or logical
manipulations.
 Operators are used in program to manipulate data
and variables.

 C operators can be classified into following types
› Arithmetic operators
› Relation operators
› Logical operators
› Bitwise operators
› Assignment operators
› Conditional operators
› Special operators

 C supports all the basic arithmetic operators.
Operator Description
+ Adds two operands
- Subtracts second operand
from first
* Multiply two operand
/ Divide numerator by
denominator
% Remainder of division
++ Increment operator-
increases integer value by
one
-- Decrement operator-
decreases integer value by
one

#include<stdio.h> // Header File
#include <conio.h>
int b=10; //Global Declaration
void main ( ) /* main is the starting of every c program */
{
int a,c; //Local Declaration
clrscr( );
scanf(“%d”,&a);
printf(“ n The sum of the two values:”);
c = a+b;
printf(“%d”,c);
getch( );
}

 The relational operators are
== Check if two operand are
equal
!= Check if two operand are
not equal
> Check if operand on the
left is greater than
operand on the right
< Check if operand on the
left is smaller than
operand on the right
>= Check left operand is
greater than or equal to
right operand
<= Check if operand on left is
smaller than or equal to
right operand

#include<stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main ( )
{
int a=10,b=3,c=5;
clrscr( );
if(a>b) // relational operator
{
printf(" n a is bigger than b");
}
if((a>b)&&(a>c)) //Logical operator
{
printf(" n a is biggest");
}
getch( );
}
Output:
a is bigger than b
a is biggest

 C supports following 3 logical operators
 Suppose a=1 and b=0
Operator Description Example
&& Logical AND (a&&b) is false
|| Logical OR (a||b) is false
! Logical NOT (!a) is false

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int year;
printf("Enter any year: ");
scanf("%d",&year);
if(((year%4==0)&&(year%100!=0))||(year%400==0))
printf("%d is a leap year",year);
else
printf("%d is not a leap year",year);
return 0;
}
Sample output:
Enter any year: 2010
2010 is not a leap year

 Bitwise operators perform manipulations of data
at bit level.
 These operators also perform shifting of bits from
right to left
 Bitwise operators are not applied to float or
double.

& Bitwise AND
| Bitwise OR
^ Bitwise exclusive OR
<< Left shift
>> Right shift

Truth table for bitwise &, | and ^
 The bitwise shift operator shifts the bit value.
 The left operand specifies the value to be shifted
and the right operand specifies the number of
positions that the bits in the value are to be
shifted.
 Both operands have the same precedence.
a b a&b a|b a^b
0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1
1 0 0 1 1
1 1 1 1 0

Example:
a=0001000
b=2
a<<b=0100000
a>>b=0000010

#include<stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main ( )
{
int a=5,b=4,c;
clrscr( );
c = a&b;
printf(" n value a&b is:%d",c);
getch( );
}
Output:
value a&b is:4

 Assignment operators supported by C are
Operator Description Example
= Assigns values
from right side
operator to left side
operator
a=b
+= Adds right operand
to the left operand
and assign the
result to left
a+=b is same as
a=a+b
-= Subtracts right
operand from the
left operand and
assign the result to
left operand
a-=b is same as
a=a-b

*= Multiply left
operand with the
right operand and
assign the result
to left operand
a=*b is same as
a=a*b
/= Divides left
operand with the
right operand and
assign the result
to left operand
a/=b is same as
a=a/b
%= Calculate
modulus using
two operands and
assign the result
to left operand
a%=b is same as
a=a%b

#include<stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int b=10;
void main ( )
{
int a=3,b=5;
clrscr( );
a+=b; // a= a+b
printf(" n The sum of the two values:%d",a);
getch( );
}
Output:
The sum of the two values:8

 It is used to Increment or decrement an
operand.
 Eg: ++x (Pre Increment),
x++ (Post Increment),
--x (Pre Decrement),
x-- (Post Decrement).

#include<stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main ( )
{
int a=5;
clrscr( );
printf(" n Post increment Value:%d",a++);
printf(" n Pre increment Value:%d",++a);
printf(" n Pre decrement Value:%d",--a);
printf(" n Post decrement Value:%d",a--);
getch( );
}
Output:
Post increment Value:5
Pre increment Value:7
Pre decrement Value:6
Post decrement Value:6

 Conditional operator in C is called by two more names:
› Ternary operator
› ?:Operator
 It is actually the if condition that we use in C language
 By using conditional operator we turn if condition statement
into more simple line of code

 The syntax of a conditional operator is:
expression 1?expression 2:expression 3
Where,
 The question mark “?” in the syntax represents the if
part
 The first expression is used to check the condition
 If that condition is true, then the expression2 is
executed
 If that condition is false, then the expression 3 is
executed.

#include<stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main ( )
{
int a=5,b=8,c;
clrscr( );
c = a>b?a:b; //Conditional operator
printf(" n The Larger Value is%d",c);
getch( );
}
Output:
The Larger Value is 8

 comma operator ( , )
 sizeof operator
 pointer operator (& , *) etc,.

#include<stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main ( )
{
int c;
clrscr( );
printf(" n size of int is:%d",sizeof c);
getch( );
}
Output:
size of int is: 2

 An expression represents data item such as
variable, constant which are interconnected using
operators.
 Eg:
Expression C Expression
a + b + c a + b + c
a2+b2 a*a + b*b

 The arithmetic expressions evaluation are
carried out based on the precedence and
associativity.
 The evaluation are carried in two phases.
› First Phase: High Priority operators are
evaluated.
› Second Phase: Low Priority operators are
evaluated.

Precedence Operator
High * , / , %
Low + , -
 5 - 20/4 + 3*3 – 1
= 5 - 5 + 9 – 1
= 0 + 9 – 1
= 9 – 1
= 8
 5 – (20/4) + 3*(3 – 1)
= 5 - 5 + 3*2
= 5 - 5 + 6
= 6

Expressions using operator in c

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