The document categorizes bones according to Ayurveda into five types: Kapalasthi (flat bones), Ruchakasthi (teeth related to taste), Tarunasthi (softer cartilaginous bones), Valayasthi (ring-like bones), and Nalakasthi (long bones). Examples are provided for each type, including specific bones like the patella and pelvis for Kapalasthi and the rib for Valayasthi. The classification highlights the functional significance of these bones in the human body.