numpy.dot() in Python

Last Updated : 18 Nov, 2022

numpy.dot(vector_a, vector_b, out = None) returns the dot product of vectors a and b. It can handle 2D arrays but considers them as matrix and will perform matrix multiplication. For N dimensions it is a sum-product over the last axis of a and the second-to-last of b :

dot(a, b)[i,j,k,m] = sum(a[i,j,:] * b[k,:,m])

Parameters

vector_a : [array_like] if a is complex its complex conjugate is used for the calculation of the dot product.
vector_b : [array_like] if b is complex its complex conjugate is used for the calculation of the dot product.
out : [array, optional] output argument must be C-contiguous, and its dtype must be the dtype that would be returned for dot(a,b).

Dot Product of vectors a and b. if vector_a and vector_b are 1D, then scalar is returned

Code 1:

Python

# Python Program illustrating
# numpy.dot() method

import numpy as geek

# Scalars
product = geek.dot(5, 4)
print("Dot Product of scalar values  : ", product)

# 1D array
vector_a = 2 + 3j
vector_b = 4 + 5j

product = geek.dot(vector_a, vector_b)
print("Dot Product  : ", product)

Output:

Dot Product of scalar values  :  20
Dot Product  :  (-7+22j)

How Code1 works ? 

vector_a = 2 + 3j 
vector_b = 4 + 5j

now dot product 

= 2(4 + 5j) + 3j(4 +5j) 
= 8 + 10j + 12j - 15 
= -7 + 22j

Code 2:

Python

# Python Program illustrating
# numpy.dot() method

import numpy as geek

# 1D array
vector_a = geek.array([[1, 4], [5, 6]])
vector_b = geek.array([[2, 4], [5, 2]])

product = geek.dot(vector_a, vector_b)
print("Dot Product  : \n", product)

product = geek.dot(vector_b, vector_a)
print("\nDot Product  : \n", product)

""" 
Code 2 : as normal matrix multiplication
"""

Output:

Dot Product  : 
 [[22 12]
 [40 32]]

Dot Product  : 
 [[22 32]
 [15 32]]

Dot Product and Matrix multiplication in NumPy

Visit Course

Mohit Gupta

Improve

Article Tags :

Python

numpy.dot() in Python

Explore

Python Fundamentals

Python Data Structures

Advanced Python

Data Science with Python

Web Development with Python

Python Practice