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Tuberculosis

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Tuberculosis
Other namesKoch's disease,[1] phthisis, phthisis pulmonalis, consumption
Chest X-ray of a person plus advanced tuberculosis: Infection insyd both lungs be marked by white arrow-heads, den de formation of a cavity be marked by black arrows.
SpecialtyInfectious disease, pulmonology
SymptomsChronic cough, fever, cough plus bloody mucus, weight loss
CausesMycobacterium tuberculosis
Risk factorsSmoking, HIV/AIDS
Diagnostic methodChest X-ray (CXR), microbial culture, tuberculin skin test
Differential diagnosisPneumonia, histoplasmosis, sarcoidosis, coccidioidomycosis[2]
PreventionScreening those at high risk, treatment of those infected, vaccination plus bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)
TreatmentAntibiotics
Frequency25% of people (latent TB)
Deaths1.5 million (2018)
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Tuberculosis (TB), e sanso be known colloquially as de "white death", anaa historically as consumption,[3] be a contagious disease wey be usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria.[4] Tuberculosis generally dey affect de lungs, buh e sanso fi affect oda parts of de body.[5] Chaw infections no dey show symptoms, in wich case e be known as inactive anaa latent tuberculosis.[4] A small proportion of latent infections dey progress to active disease dat, if dem lef am untreated, fi be fatal.[5] Typical symptoms of active TB be chronic cough plus blood-containing mucus, fever, night sweats, den weight loss.[5] Infection of oda organs fi cause a wide range of symptoms.[6]

References

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  1. ↑ "Tuberculosis (Concept Id: C0041296) - MedGen - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (in English). Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2025.
  2. ↑ Ferri, Fred F. (2010). Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Mosby. p. Chapter T. ISBN 978-0-323-07699-9.
  3. ↑ The Chambers Dictionary. New Delhi: Allied Chambers India Ltd. 1998. p. 352. ISBN 978-81-86062-25-8. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "About Tuberculosis". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (in American English). 2025-02-27. Retrieved 2025-03-14.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Tuberculosis (TB)". World Health Organization (in English). 14 March 2025. Retrieved 2025-03-14.
  6. ↑ Adkinson NF, Bennett JE, Douglas RG, Mandell GL (2010). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases (7th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. p. Chapter 250. ISBN 978-0-443-06839-3.
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