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HRShami (talk) 09:10, 22 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Edit Request

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The research section for Jason Rohr needs to discuss other major work. I have drafted the paragraphs that should be added in the research section below the Amphibian conservation and disease section.

Ecotoxicology and ecological risk assessment

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Rohr's work in ecotoxicology has revealed how synthetic chemicals impact wildlife populations. He demonstrated the adverse effects of agrochemicals, particularly atrazine.[1] His meta-analyses showed consistent negative effects of atrazine and other pesticides on amphibians and freshwater vertebrates. He provided evidence that contaminants can influence host-parasite dynamics by increasing susceptibility to infections, affecting immune responses, and altering population-level recovery from exposure.[2] His work illustrated how climate change can exacerbate chemical toxicity, highlighting the necessity of integrating multiple stressors into regulatory frameworks for environmental protection. He also exposed corporate influence on toxicology research.[3] He placed a spotlight on the corporate strategy of manufacturing uncertainty and bending science, exposing how corporations use tactics to discourage scientists from studying synthetic chemicals. His work underscored the need for scientific integrity in regulatory processes and highlighted the challenges faced by researchers investigating environmental contaminants.[4]

Global change and infectious disease

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Rohr developed the "thermal mismatch hypothesis," explaining how climate change influences infectious disease risks by altering host-pathogen interactions. His work demonstrated that temperature anomalies contribute to disease outbreaks, with host susceptibility varying depending on whether the species is warm- or cold-adapted.[5] He synthesized evidence across host-parasite interactions, showing that climate-induced mismatches between hosts and parasites can drive new disease patterns. He also synthesized evidence on the effects of climate change on animal phenological responses.[6]

Rohr's research supported the "dilution effect" hypothesis, which posits that high biodiversity reduces infectious disease risk. Through meta-analyses and empirical studies, he showed that biodiversity loss increases pathogen transmission and that anthropogenic factors such as habitat destruction amplify these effects.[7] His work also highlighted that the benefits of biodiversity conservation extend to disease prevention, emphasizing the need for integrated ecosystem and public health strategies.[8]

Rohr examined how global species introductions contribute to emerging infectious diseases. His research revealed that non-native hosts often introduce or amplify zoonotic diseases, contributing to pandemics and biodiversity threats.[9] He demonstrated that invasive species are less susceptible to extreme weather, making them more resilient disease vectors.[10] By studying amphibian fungal pathogens, he showed that novel pathogen-host combinations can have unpredictable but often severe outcomes. His findings underscored the importance of monitoring invasive species to mitigate global disease risks.[11]

Rohr's research has shown that multiple global change drivers—including biodiversity loss, pollution, habitat destruction, climate change, and invasive species—interact in complex ways to influence infectious disease dynamics. His work emphasized that urbanization can sometimes decrease disease risk, while conservation efforts, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions and preserving biodiversity, are critical for mitigating disease outbreaks.[12]

Sustainability and neglected diseases

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Rohr's research on agrochemical impacts extended to human health, revealing how fertilizers and pesticides increase the risk of schistosomiasis.[13] His large-scale studies in Africa tested interventions that reduced disease risk and improved agricultural productivity. By removing invasive vegetation that serves as a snail habitat and repurposing it into fertilizer, livestock feed, or fuel for biodigesters, his team developed a strategy to mitigate disease while promoting economic and agricultural sustainability and reducing environmental risks.[14]

HRShami (talk) 05:05, 25 April 2025 (UTC) HRShami (talk) 05:05, 25 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]

  1. ^ Rohr, Jason R.; McCoy, Krista A. (January 2010). "A qualitative meta-analysis reveals consistent effects of atrazine on freshwater fish and amphibians". Environmental Health Perspectives. 118 (1): 20–32. doi:10.1289/ehp.0901164. ISSN 1552-9924.
  2. ^ Rohr, Jason R. (June 2021). "The Atrazine Saga and its Importance to the Future of Toxicology, Science, and Environmental and Human Health". Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 40 (6): 1544–1558. doi:10.1002/etc.5037. ISSN 1552-8618.
  3. ^ Rohr, Jason R.; Sesterhenn, Timothy M.; Stieha, Christopher (2011). "Will climate change reduce the effects of a pesticide on amphibians?: partitioning effects on exposure and susceptibility to contaminants". Global Change Biology. 17 (2): 657–666. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02301.x. ISSN 1365-2486.
  4. ^ Rohr, Jason R.; Farag, Aida; Cadotte, Marc W.; Clements, William H.; Smith, James Andrew; Ulrich, Cheryl P.; Woods, Richard (2016). "Transforming ecosystems: When, where, and how to restore contaminated sites". Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. 12 (2): 273–283. doi:10.1002/ieam.1668.
  5. ^ Cohen, Jeremy M.; Venesky, Matthew D.; Sauer, Erin L.; Civitello, David J.; McMahon, Taegan A.; Roznik, Elizabeth A.; Rohr, Jason R. (February 2017). "The thermal mismatch hypothesis explains host susceptibility to an emerging infectious disease". Ecology Letters. 20 (2): 184–193. doi:10.1111/ele.12720. ISSN 1461-0248.
  6. ^ Cohen, Jeremy M.; Lajeunesse, Marc J.; Rohr, Jason R. (March 2018). "A global synthesis of animal phenological responses to climate change". Nature Climate Change. 8 (3): 224–228. doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0067-3. ISSN 1758-6798.
  7. ^ Civitello, David J.; Cohen, Jeremy; Fatima, Hiba; Halstead, Neal T.; Liriano, Josue; McMahon, Taegan A.; Ortega, C. Nicole; Sauer, Erin Louise; Sehgal, Tanya; Young, Suzanne; Rohr, Jason R. (14 July 2015). "Biodiversity inhibits parasites: Broad evidence for the dilution effect". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (28): 8667–8671. doi:10.1073/pnas.1506279112.
  8. ^ Halliday, Fletcher W.; Rohr, Jason R.; Laine, Anna-Liisa (2020). "Biodiversity loss underlies the dilution effect of biodiversity". Ecology Letters. 23 (11): 1611–1622. doi:10.1111/ele.13590. ISSN 1461-0248.
  9. ^ Liu, Xuan; Rohr, Jason R.; Li, Yiming (22 February 2013). "Climate, vegetation, introduced hosts and trade shape a global wildlife pandemic". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 280 (1753): 20122506. doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.2506.
  10. ^ Gu, Shimin; Qi, Tianyi; Rohr, Jason R.; Liu, Xuan (December 2023). "Meta-analysis reveals less sensitivity of non-native animals than natives to extreme weather worldwide". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 7 (12): 2004–2027. doi:10.1038/s41559-023-02235-1. ISSN 2397-334X.
  11. ^ Zhang, Lin; Rohr, Jason; Cui, Ruina; Xin, Yusi; Han, Lixia; Yang, Xiaona; Gu, Shimin; Du, Yuanbao; Liang, Jing; Wang, Xuyu; Wu, Zhengjun; Hao, Qin; Liu, Xuan (1 April 2022). "Biological invasions facilitate zoonotic disease emergences". Nature Communications. 13 (1): 1762. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-29378-2. ISSN 2041-1723.
  12. ^ Mahon, Michael B.; Sack, Alexandra; Aleuy, O. Alejandro; Barbera, Carly; Brown, Ethan; Buelow, Heather; Civitello, David J.; Cohen, Jeremy M.; de Wit, Luz A.; Forstchen, Meghan; Halliday, Fletcher W.; Heffernan, Patrick; Knutie, Sarah A.; Korotasz, Alexis; Larson, Joanna G.; Rumschlag, Samantha L.; Selland, Emily; Shepack, Alexander; Vincent, Nitin; Rohr, Jason R. (May 2024). "A meta-analysis on global change drivers and the risk of infectious disease". Nature. 629 (8013): 830–836. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07380-6. ISSN 1476-4687.
  13. ^ Halstead, Neal T.; Hoover, Christopher M.; Arakala, Arathi; Civitello, David J.; De Leo, Giulio A.; Gambhir, Manoj; Johnson, Steve A.; Jouanard, Nicolas; Loerns, Kristin A.; McMahon, Taegan A.; Ndione, Raphael A.; Nguyen, Karena; Raffel, Thomas R.; Remais, Justin V.; Riveau, Gilles; Sokolow, Susanne H.; Rohr, Jason R. (26 February 2018). "Agrochemicals increase risk of human schistosomiasis by supporting higher densities of intermediate hosts". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 837. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03189-w. ISSN 2041-1723.
  14. ^ Rohr, Jason R.; Sack, Alexandra; Bakhoum, Sidy; Barrett, Christopher B.; Lopez-Carr, David; Chamberlin, Andrew J.; Civitello, David J.; Diatta, Cledor; Doruska, Molly J.; De Leo, Giulio A.; Haggerty, Christopher J. E.; Jones, Isabel J.; Jouanard, Nicolas; Lund, Andrea J.; Ly, Amadou T.; Ndione, Raphael A.; Remais, Justin V.; Riveau, Gilles; Schacht, Anne-Marie; Seck, Momy; Senghor, Simon; Sokolow, Susanne H.; Wolfe, Caitlin (July 2023). "A planetary health innovation for disease, food and water challenges in Africa". Nature. 619 (7971): 782–787. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06313-z. ISSN 1476-4687.
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