Portal:Coffee
The Coffee Portal
Coffee | Drinks | Coffeehouses | Companies | Culture | Preparation | Production
Introduction
Coffee is a beverage brewed from roasted, ground coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content, but decaffeinated coffee is also commercially available. There are also various coffee substitutes. Typically served hot, coffee has the highest sales in the world market for hot drinks.
Coffee production begins when the seeds from coffee cherries (the Coffea plant's fruits) are separated to produce unroasted green coffee beans. The "beans" are roasted and then ground into fine particles. Coffee is brewed from the ground roasted beans, which are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out. It is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. Coffee can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, French press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). Sugar, sugar substitutes, milk, and cream are often added to mask the bitter taste or enhance the flavor.
Though coffee is now a global commodity, it has a long history tied closely to food traditions around the Red Sea. Credible evidence of coffee drinking as the modern beverage subsequently appears in modern-day Yemen in southern Arabia in the middle of the 15th century in Sufi shrines, where coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed in a manner similar to how it is now prepared for drinking. The coffee beans were procured by the Yemenis from the Ethiopian Highlands via coastal Somali intermediaries, and cultivated in Yemen. By the 16th century, the drink had reached the rest of the Middle East and North Africa, later spreading to Europe. (Full article...)
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Roasting coffee transforms the chemical and physical properties of green coffee beans into roasted coffee products. The roasting process is what produces the characteristic flavor of coffee by causing the green coffee beans to change in taste. Unroasted beans contain similar if not higher levels of acids, protein, sugars, and caffeine as those that have been roasted, but lack the taste of roasted coffee beans due to the Maillard and other chemical reactions that occur during roasting.
Coffee tends to be roasted close to where it will be consumed, as green coffee is more stable than roasted beans. The vast majority of coffee is roasted commercially on a large scale, but small-scale commercial roasting has grown significantly with the trend toward "single-origin" coffees served at specialty shops. Some coffee drinkers even roast coffee at home as a hobby in order to both experiment with the flavor profile of the beans and ensure the freshest possible roasted coffee.
The first recorded implements for roasting coffee beans were thin pans made from metal or porcelain, used in the 15th century in the Ottoman Empire and Greater Persia. In the 19th century, various patents were awarded in the U.S. and Europe for commercial roasters, to allow for large batches of coffee. In the 1950s just as instant coffee was becoming a popular coffee drink, speciality coffee-houses began opening to cater to the connoisseur, offering a more traditionally brewed beverage. In the 1970s, more speciality coffee houses were founded, ones that offered a variety of roasts and beans from around the world. In the 1980s and 1990s, the gourmet coffee industry experienced great growth. This trend continued into the 21st century. (Full article...)
General images -
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A coffee shop in Bacoor, Philippines (from Coffeehouse) -
A coffeehouse in Cairo, 18th century (from Coffeehouse) -
Rumah Loer, a contemporary-style coffee shop (Indonesian: rumah kopi kekinian) in Palembang, Indonesia (from Coffeehouse) -
Cafés in central Tirana (2017) (from Coffee culture) -
A shop specialised in drip coffee in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand (from Coffeehouse) -
Coffee grinder (from Coffee preparation) -
Kaffa kalid coffeepot, by French silversmith François-Thomas Germain, 1757, silver with ebony handle, Metropolitan Museum of Art (from History of coffee) -
Café Zimmermann, Leipzig (engraving by Johann Georg Schreiber, 1732) (from History of coffee) -
18th century French plan of Mocha, Yemen. The Somali, Jewish and European quarters are located outside the citadel. The Dutch, English, Turkish and French trading posts are inside the city walls. (from History of coffee) -
Various grinders for coffee and spices (from Coffee preparation) -
Coffee plantation (from History of coffee) -
Café Ekberg in 2024 (from Coffeehouse) -
A Viennese coffeehouse (2004) (from Coffee culture) -
Coffee break in Belgrade (2013) (from Coffee culture) -
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Caffè Florian in Venice (from Coffeehouse) -
A coffeehouse in London, 17th century (from Coffeehouse) -
Dutch coffee-roasting machine, c. 1920 (from Coffee preparation) -
German Empot coffee maker (from Coffee preparation) -
A coffee shop at a library in Melbourne (2006) (from Coffee culture) -
Centre Place, Melbourne. Australia and New Zealand have competing claims as being the birthplace of the "flat white". (from Coffeehouse) -
The word coffee in various European languages (from Coffeehouse) -
Coffeepot (cafetière "campanienne"), part of a service, 1836, hard-paste porcelain, Metropolitan Museum of Art (from History of coffee) -
Pope Clement VIII: The Pope who popularised coffee in Europe among Christians (from History of coffee) -
The Federal Coffee Palace, built on Collins Street, Melbourne, in 1888, was the largest and grandest Coffee Palace ever built. It was demolished in 1973. (from Coffeehouse) -
Syrian Bedouin from a beehive village in Aleppo, Syria, sipping the traditional murra (bitter) coffee, 1930 (from History of coffee) -
Home espresso machine without pump (only with steam pressure) (from Coffee preparation) -
Caffe Reggio on MacDougal Street in New York City's Greenwich Village which was founded in 1927 (from Coffeehouse) -
Café Tortoni is an emblematic café in Buenos Aires. Frequented by Jorge Luis Borges among many other figures of Argentina. (from Coffeehouse) -
Central European Habsburg coffee house culture: news, coffee, the glass of water and the marble table top (2004) (from Coffee culture) -
The Café de Flore on the Rive Gauche in Paris is one of the oldest coffeehouses in the city. It is celebrated for its famous clientele, which included high-profile writers and philosophers. (from Coffeehouse) -
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Drip coffee maker (from Coffee preparation) -
A variation on the moka pot with the upper section formed as a coffee fountain (from Coffee preparation) -
In a pour-over, the water passes through the coffee grounds, gaining soluble compounds to form coffee. Insoluble compounds remain within the coffee filter. (from Coffee preparation) -
A 1652 handbill advertising coffee for sale in St. Michael's Alley, London (from History of coffee) -
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Allow cold brew to steep for 8 to 24 hours. (from Coffee preparation) -
Statue of Fernando Pessoa by Lagoa Henriques, next to the A Brasileira café, in Chiado, Lisbon (from Coffeehouse) -
The Coffee Bearer by John Frederick Lewis (1857) (from History of coffee)
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A Viennese café (from Coffeehouse) -
Filter coffee being brewed (from Coffee preparation) -
Single serve Vietnamese drip filter (from Coffee preparation) -
Dutch engraving of Mocha in 1692 (from History of coffee) -
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Commercial espresso machine (from Coffee preparation) -
"Discussing the War in a Paris Café", The Illustrated London News, 17 September 1870, during the Franco-Prussian War (from Coffeehouse) -
Monsooned Malabar arabica, compared with green Yirgachefe beans from Ethiopia (from History of coffee) -
Coffee house culture between Vienna and Trieste: the coffee, the newspaper, the glass of water and the marble tabletop (from History of coffee)
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Moka pot (from Coffee preparation) -
Palestinian women grinding coffee, 1905 (from History of coffee) -
Interior of an espresso bar from Baliuag, Philippines (from Coffeehouse) -
Wheel coffee grinder (from Coffee preparation) -
Coffeehouses often sell pastries or other food items. (from Coffeehouse) -
Caffè Florian in Venice (2015) (from Coffee culture)
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Caffè San Marco in Trieste, known for its artists, writers and intellectuals (2014) (from Coffee culture) -
Trieste from where the cappuccino spread (from Coffeehouse) -
Home espresso machine with pump (from Coffee preparation)
More did you know? -
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A coffee cabinet is an ice cream-based milkshake popular in Rhode Island consisting of coffee ice cream, coffee syrup, and milk. The ingredients are mixed in a drink blender or milkshake blender.
Among the famous Rhode Island creameries which serve them are Delekta Pharmacy in Warren, and the Original Vanilla Bean in South Kingstown. Newport Creamery, a chain of family restaurants found almost exclusively in Rhode Island, serve a variation of cabinets made with ice milk under the brand name "Awful Awful". A cabinet is often referred to elsewhere in New England as a frappe. (Full article...)
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Did you know (auto-generated)
- ... that Justly Watson died suddenly in 1757 from the effects of poison administered in his coffee, it was believed, by a servant?
- ... that a Vancouver TV station was intended to stop the "$1,500 cup of coffee"?
- ... that the Highfield Cocoa and Coffee House in Sheffield, England, sold tea, coffee and cocoa at a penny a pint and also provided billiards and reading rooms?
- ... that Kenyan coffee farmer "Pinkie" Jackson amassed Africa's largest collection of native butterflies?
- ... that Jim Coffeen was the one of the first two quarterbacks for the Green Bay Packers, then served as the team's first public address announcer?
- ... that Franz Liszt's female admirers would fight over his cigar stubs and coffee dregs as souvenirs?
- ... that Arab Coffeehouse depicts Henri Matisse's visit to Tangier, where he saw its locals gaze for hours into fishbowls?
- ... that Mammillaria luethyi was not seen for 44 years after being discovered growing in a coffee can on the windowsill of Mrs Crosby's?
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- WikiProject Breakfast (inactive)
- Wikiproject Bacon (inactive)
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Web resources
- World Coffee Research – a 501 (c)(5) nonprofit program of the international coffee industry. (Wikipedia article: World Coffee Research)
- Coffee Research Foundation – based in Kenya, and founded in 1908
- Central Coffee Research Institute – based in Chickmagalur District, India, and founded in 1915
