See More

The expression sites, ligands, signaling pathways, and functions of SCFA receptors."}],"journal":{"issn":"2152-5250","qiKanWangZhi":"http://www.aginganddisease.org","qiKanMingCheng_CN":"Aging and disease","id":1,"qiKanMingCheng_EN":"Aging and disease"},"authorList":[{"deceased":false,"xref":"1","name_cn":"Xiao-hang Qian","xref_en":"1","name_en":"Xiao-hang Qian"},{"deceased":false,"xref":"2","name_cn":"Ru-yan Xie","xref_en":"2","name_en":"Ru-yan Xie"},{"deceased":false,"xref":"3","name_cn":"Xiao-li Liu","xref_en":"3","name_en":"Xiao-li Liu"},{"deceased":false,"xref":"1","name_cn":"Sheng-di Chen","xref_en":"1, *","name_en":"Sheng-di Chen"},{"deceased":false,"xref":"1","name_cn":"Hui-dong Tang","xref_en":"1, *","name_en":"Hui-dong Tang"}],"affList_en":["1.Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.","2.Shanghai Guangci Memorial hospital, Shanghai 200025, China.","3.Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201406, China."],"authorNotes_en":["* Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Sheng-di Chen (Email:

An integral view of the cellular signal transduction pathway of SCFAs. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) affect biological functions through two main pathways. They can bind G protein-coupled receptors on the surface of cell membranes (including GPR41, GPR43, and GPR109) to activate downstream NF-κB, MAPKs, and other signaling pathways. They can also enter cells through MCTs on the cell surface and participate in inhibiting HDACs or promoting HATs to regulate gene transcription. GPR, G protein-coupled receptor; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; MAPKs, mitogen-activated protein kinases; MCTs, monocarboxylate transporters; HDACs, histone deacetylases; HATs, histone acetyltransferases","thumbnailUrl":"null/thumbnail/AD-13-4-1252-g1.png"},{"magId":"e5651286-841f-4842-8631-a70a2bd9950c","pptUrl":"AD-13-4-1252-g2.tif.ppt","labelEn":"Figure 2.","figUrl":"AD-13-4-1252-g2.tif","titleEn":"Figure 2. Overview of the effects of SCFAs in Alzheimer's disease. SCFAs from the gut microbiota enter the CNS by crossing the blood-brain barrier. They act on neurons to promote neuronal repair and regeneration through upregulation of the CREB/BDNF signaling pathway and expression of memory-consolidation genes. In addition, the secretion of inflammatory factors is reduced by inhibiting the MAPK, NF-κB, and other pathways in disease-related microglia and astrocytes with proinflammatory effects. SCFAs also participate in the pathological regulation of Aβ and tau proteins, ultimately ameliorating cognitive impairment in AD. CREB, cyclic-AMP response element binding protein; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase","id":"F2-ad-13-4-1252","captionEn":"

Overview of the effects of SCFAs in Alzheimer's disease. SCFAs from the gut microbiota enter the CNS by crossing the blood-brain barrier. They act on neurons to promote neuronal repair and regeneration through upregulation of the CREB/BDNF signaling pathway and expression of memory-consolidation genes. In addition, the secretion of inflammatory factors is reduced by inhibiting the MAPK, NF-κB, and other pathways in disease-related microglia and astrocytes with proinflammatory effects. SCFAs also participate in the pathological regulation of Aβ and tau proteins, ultimately ameliorating cognitive impairment in AD. CREB, cyclic-AMP response element binding protein; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase","thumbnailUrl":"null/thumbnail/AD-13-4-1252-g2.png"}],"article":{"juan":"13","endNoteUrl_en":"http://www.aginganddisease.org/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=148217","bibtexUrl_cn":"http://www.aginganddisease.org/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=BibTeX&id=148217","copyrightLicense_en":"this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.","articleType":"A","abstractUrl_en":"http://www.aginganddisease.org/EN/10.14336/AD.2021.1215","qi":"4","id":148217,"nian":2022,"bianHao":"1640044574381-247877022","juanUrl_en":"http://www.aginganddisease.org/EN/Y2022","shouCiFaBuRiQi":"2022-07-11","qiShiYe":"1252","accepted":"2021-12-15","received":"2021-08-22","qiUrl_cn":"http://www.aginganddisease.org/CN/Y2022/V13/I4","pdfSize":"642KB","risUrl_cn":"http://www.aginganddisease.org/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=Ris&id=148217","doi":"10.14336/AD.2021.1215","jieShuYe":"1266","keywordList_en":["Alzheimer's disease","gut microbiota","short-chain fatty acids"],"endNoteUrl_cn":"http://www.aginganddisease.org/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=148217","zhaiyao_en":"

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are important metabolites derived from the gut microbiota through fermentation of dietary fiber. SCFAs participate a number of physiological and pathological processes in the human body, such as host metabolism, immune regulation, appetite regulation. Recent studies on gut-brain interaction have shown that SCFAs are important mediators of gut-brain interactions and are involved in the occurrence and development of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. This review summarizes the current research on the potential roles and mechanisms of SCFAs in AD. First, we introduce the metabolic distribution, specific receptors and signaling pathways of SCFAs in human body. The concentration levels of SCFAs in AD patient/animal models are then summarized. In addition, we illustrate the effects and mechanisms of SCFAs on the cognitive level, pathological features (Aβ and tau) and neuroinflammation in AD. Finally, we analyze the translational value of SCFAs as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of AD.","bibtexUrl_en":"http://www.aginganddisease.org/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=BibTeX&id=148217","abstractUrl_cn":"http://www.aginganddisease.org/CN/10.14336/AD.2021.1215","juanUrl_cn":"http://www.aginganddisease.org/CN/Y2022","lanMu_en":"Review","qiUrl_en":"http://www.aginganddisease.org/EN/Y2022/V13/I4","revRequest":"2021-12-14","risUrl_en":"http://www.aginganddisease.org/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=Ris&id=148217","copyrightStatement_en":"copyright: © 2022 Qian et al.","title_en":"Mechanisms of Short-Chain Fatty Acids Derived from Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer's Disease","hasPdf":"true"},"authorList_en":[{"deceased":false,"xref":"1","name_cn":"Xiao-hang Qian","xref_en":"1","name_en":"Xiao-hang Qian"},{"deceased":false,"xref":"2","name_cn":"Ru-yan Xie","xref_en":"2","name_en":"Ru-yan Xie"},{"deceased":false,"xref":"3","name_cn":"Xiao-li Liu","xref_en":"3","name_en":"Xiao-li Liu"},{"deceased":false,"xref":"1","name_cn":"Sheng-di Chen","xref_en":"1, *","name_en":"Sheng-di Chen"},{"deceased":false,"xref":"1","name_cn":"Hui-dong Tang","xref_en":"1, *","name_en":"Hui-dong Tang"}]}; if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_cn && window.metaData.authorNotes_cn)){ window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn = window.metaData.authorNotes_cn; } if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_en && window.metaData.authorNotes_en)){ window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en = window.metaData.authorNotes_en; } var _nlmdtdXml = $("#article_nlmdtdXml").val(); var magDir = _nlmdtdXml.replace(/\/[^\/]+$/,''); window.metaData.magDir = magDir; new mag_vue({ el: '#metaVue', data:window.metaData, loading:true, doTextFun:function(text){ return doDataJsonText(text); }, doAfterFun:function(selector,jsonData){doMagVueAfter(selector,jsonData);} }); var pars = {attachType:'PDF',id:$("#articleId").val(),json:true}; jQuery.post($("#mag-common-contextPath").val()+"/EN/article/showArticleFile.do?" + new Date().getTime(), pars, function(data){ var json=null; if(data.match(/^\[json\].*/g)){ json=eval("("+data.replace(/^\[json\]/g,"")+")"); } if(json && json.status == 1){ //有权限 }else{ //无权限 $("#no-access-div").show(); } }); mag_ajax({ url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + '/EN/article/getRichHtmlJson.do', data:{articleId:$("#articleId").val(),token:'9c35071d537846ea9df8af602a0217ce',referer:document.referrer}, dataType:"json", async:"false", success:function(json){ if(json.richHtmlJson && json.richHtmlJson.article){ if(json.trans){ var _nlmdtdXmlCN = $("#article_nlmdtdXmlCN").val(); var magDirCN = _nlmdtdXmlCN.replace(/\/[^\/]+$/,''); json.richHtmlJson.magDir=magDirCN; }else{ json.richHtmlJson.magDir=magDir; } new mag_vue({ el: '#bodyVue', data:json.richHtmlJson, doTextFun:function(text){ return doDataJsonText(text); }, doAfterFun:function(selector,jsonData){doMagVueAfter(selector,jsonData);} }); } } }); //去掉正文中的中文文字“多媒体文件” $("div.mag_body_media_file b").remove(); //altmetric if($.trim($("#article_doi").val())!=''){ $.ajax({ url:'https://api.altmetric.com/v1/doi/'+$.trim($("#article_doi").val())+'?callback=altmetric_callback', //url:'https://api.altmetric.com/v1/doi/10.1007/s13238-016-0264-7?callback=altmetric_callback', dataType:'jsonp' }); } mag_rich_menu(jQuery); $(function(){ $('#autoMenu').autoMenu(); }) $("#autoMenu").niceScroll({ cursorcolor: "#ccc", //滚动条的颜色 cursoropacitymax: 0, //滚动条的透明度，从0-1 touchbehavior: false, //使光标拖动滚动像在台式电脑触摸设备 true滚动条拖动不可用 cursorwidth: "6px", //滚动条的宽度 单位默认px cursorborder: "0", // 游标边框css定义 cursorborderradius: "3px", //滚动条两头的圆角 autohidemode: true, //是否隐藏滚动条 true的时候默认不显示滚动条，当鼠标经过的时候显示滚动条 zindex: "auto", //给滚动条设置z-index值 railvalign:'defaul', railpadding: { top: 0, right: -6, left: 0, bottom: 0 }, //滚动条的位置 }); window.autoMenuFlag=true; $("#relatedArticles").niceScroll({ cursorcolor: "#ccc", //滚动条的颜色 cursoropacitymax: 0, //滚动条的透明度，从0-1 touchbehavior: false, //使光标拖动滚动像在台式电脑触摸设备 true滚动条拖动不可用 cursorwidth: "6px", //滚动条的宽度 单位默认px cursorborder: "0", // 游标边框css定义 cursorborderradius: "3px", //滚动条两头的圆角 autohidemode: true, //是否隐藏滚动条 true的时候默认不显示滚动条，当鼠标经过的时候显示滚动条 zindex: "auto", //给滚动条设置z-index值 railvalign:'defaul', railpadding: { top: 0, right: -6, left: 0, bottom: 0 }, //滚动条的位置 }); //公式序号 居右 jQuery(".mag-xml-disp-formula").each(function() { var _this = jQuery(this); var _label= _this.children("label"); if(typeof(_label.html())!="undefined"){ _this.children("label").remove(); _this.wrap("