Alcohol Induced Alterations to the Human Fecal VOC Metabolome
Fig 3
Principal component analysis (PCA) of the VOC metabolomes derived from the healthy and alcoholic human fecal samples.
Infrequent metabolites were disregarded by restricting the analysis to analytes that appear in a minimum of 21% of all samples in each cohort (see Fig. 2). Hence, the endoscopy collected dataset contains 525 metabolites while the home collected dataset contains 641. A) PCA plots of the endoscopy collected fecal VOC metabolome. The first (PC1) through sixth (PC6) principal components are shown, relative to one another. Healthy samples are identified as blue spheres, while alcoholic samples are denoted as yellow spheres. The two cohorts clearly segregate in all plots involving PC1, while little to no difference is observed among the cohorts in the combinatorial plots with PC2 through PC6. B) PCA plots of the home collected fecal VOC metabolomes. The samples are colored as described in A). The two cohorts segregate in all plots involving PC1, PC2, and PC3 (to differing degrees), while segregation is not observed in the combinatorial plots of PC4, PC5, and PC6. C) A three dimensional PCA plot of the endoscopy collected fecal VOC metabolome (depicting the first, second and third principal components) clearly illustrates the distinctiveness of the healthy and alcoholic cohorts. Samples are colored as in A). Unique sample identifiers are shown adjacent to each data point. D) A three dimensional PCA plot of the home collected fecal VOC metabolome clearly differentiates the healthy and alcoholic cohorts. E and F) Metabolite contribution to the principal components. For clarity, each graph is restricted to the first three principal components and the top 104 contributing metabolites. Metabolites were arranged by descending contributions to each principal component, and the values plotted in the bar graph. The plots indicate that numerous metabolites collectively contribute to cohort segregation in the endoscopy collected (E) and home collected (F) fecal VOC metabolomes. See text for further discussion.