Lignocellulose-derived phenolic aldehydes, including p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (P), vanillin (V), and syringaldehyde (S), exert synergistic inhibition on the fermentation performance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, a robust S. cerevisiae S91 was obtained through adaptive laboratory evolution under increasing concentrations of a mixed phenolic aldehyde cocktail (P + V + S). Phenotypic analyses of S. cerevisiae S91 revealed enhanced phenolic aldehyde detoxification, improved cell morphology, and increased membrane integrity under inhibitory conditions. The evolved strain exhibited over 60% improvement in the conversion of phenolic aldehydes and demonstrated a 1.5-fold increase of ethanol titer in corn stover hydrolysate. Comprehensive transcriptomic, qRT-PCR, and fermentation evaluation revealed plasma membrane-associated genes, including GEX1 and PST2, played a vital role in the improved phenolic aldehyde tolerance of the evolved strain. This work advanced our understanding of the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying phenolic aldehyde tolerance in S. cerevisiae and provided a robust strain for cellulosic ethanol production.
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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| Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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| Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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