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Windows PowerShell Step by Step 3rd Edition Wilson

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Windows PowerShell Step by Step, Third Edition Ed Wilson
PUBLISHED BY Microsoft Press A division of Microsoft Corporation One Microsoft Way Redmond, Washington 98052-6399 Copyright © 2015 by Ed Wilson All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Control Number: 2014922916 ISBN: 978-0-7356-7511-7 Printed and bound in the United States of America. First Printing Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. If you need support related to this book, email Microsoft Press Support at mspinput@microsoft.com. Please tell us what you think of this book at http://aka.ms/tellpress. This book is provided “as-is” and expresses the author’s views and opinions. The views, opinions and information expressed in this book, including URL and other Internet website references, may change without notice. Some examples depicted herein are provided for illustration only and are fictitious. No real association or connection is intended or should be inferred. Microsoft and the trademarks listed at www.microsoft.com on the “Trademarks” webpage are trademarks of the Microsoft group of companies. All other marks are property of their respective owners. Acquisitions and Developmental Editor: Karen Szall Project Editor: Rosemary Caperton Editorial Production: Online Training Solutions, Inc. (OTSI) Technical Reviewer: Brian Wilhite; Technical Review services provided by
Content Master, a member of CM Group, Ltd. Copyeditor: Kathy Krause (OTSI) Indexer: Susie Carr (OTSI) Cover: Twist Creative • Seattle
To Teresa: you make life an adventure. —ED WILSON
Contents at a glance Introduction CHAPTER 1 Overview of Windows PowerShell 5.0 CHAPTER 2 Using Windows PowerShell cmdlets CHAPTER 3 Understanding and using Windows PowerShell providers CHAPTER 4 Using Windows PowerShell remoting and jobs CHAPTER 5 Using Windows PowerShell scripts CHAPTER 6 Working with functions CHAPTER 7 Creating advanced functions and modules CHAPTER 8 Using the Windows PowerShell ISE CHAPTER 9 Working with Windows PowerShell profiles CHAPTER 10 Using WMI CHAPTER 11 Querying WMI CHAPTER 12 Remoting WMI CHAPTER 13 Calling WMI methods on WMI classes CHAPTER 14 Using the CIM cmdlets CHAPTER 15 Working with Active Directory CHAPTER 16 Working with the AD DS module CHAPTER 17 Deploying Active Directory by using Windows PowerShell CHAPTER 18 Debugging scripts CHAPTER 19 Handling errors CHAPTER 20 Using the Windows PowerShell workflow
CHAPTER 21 Managing Windows PowerShell DSC CHAPTER 22 Using the PowerShell Gallery Appendix A: Windows PowerShell scripting best practices Appendix B: Regular expressions quick reference Index
Contents Introduction Chapter 1 Overview of Windows PowerShell 5.0 Understanding Windows PowerShell Using cmdlets Installing Windows PowerShell Deploying Windows PowerShell to down-level operating systems Using command-line utilities Security issues with Windows PowerShell Controlling execution of Windows PowerShell cmdlets Confirming actions Suspending confirmation of cmdlets Working with Windows PowerShell Accessing Windows PowerShell Configuring the Windows PowerShell console Supplying options for cmdlets Working with the help options Exploring commands: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 1 quick reference Chapter 2 Using Windows PowerShell cmdlets Understanding the basics of cmdlets Using the Get-ChildItem cmdlet Obtaining a directory listing Formatting a directory listing by using the Format-List cmdlet Using the Format-Wide cmdlet Formatting a directory listing by using Format-Table
Formatting output with Out-GridView Taking advantage of the power of Get-Command Searching for cmdlets by using wildcard characters Using the Get-Member cmdlet Using the Get-Member cmdlet to examine properties and methods Using the New-Object cmdlet Creating and using the wshShell object Using the Show-Command cmdlet Windows PowerShell cmdlet naming helps you learn Windows PowerShell verb grouping Windows PowerShell verb distribution Creating a Windows PowerShell profile Working with cmdlets: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 2 quick reference Chapter 3 Understanding and using Windows PowerShell providers Understanding Windows PowerShell providers Understanding the alias provider Understanding the certificate provider Understanding the environment provider Understanding the filesystem provider Understanding the function provider Using the registry provider to manage the Windows registry The two registry drives The short way to create a new registry key Dealing with a missing registry property Understanding the variable provider Exploring Windows PowerShell providers: Step-by-step exercises
Chapter 3 quick reference Chapter 4 Using Windows PowerShell remoting and jobs Understanding Windows PowerShell remoting Classic remoting WinRM Using Windows PowerShell jobs Using Windows PowerShell remoting and jobs: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 4 quick reference Chapter 5 Using Windows PowerShell scripts Why write Windows PowerShell scripts? The fundamentals of scripting Running Windows PowerShell scripts Turning on Windows PowerShell scripting support Transitioning from command line to script Manually running Windows PowerShell scripts Understanding variables and constants Using the While statement Constructing the While statement in Windows PowerShell A practical example of using the While statement Using special features of Windows PowerShell Using the Do...While statement Using the range operator Operating over an array Casting to ASCII values Using the Do...Until statement Comparing the Windows PowerShell Do...Until statement with VBScript Using the Windows PowerShell Do statement
The For statement Using the For statement Using the Foreach statement Exiting the Foreach statement early Using the If statement Using assignment and comparison operators Evaluating multiple conditions The Switch statement Using the Switch statement Controlling matching behavior Creating multiple folders: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 5 quick reference Chapter 6 Working with functions Understanding functions Using functions to provide ease of code reuse Including functions in the Windows PowerShell environment Using dot-sourcing Using dot-sourced functions Adding help for functions Using a here-string object for help Using two input parameters Using a type constraint in a function Using more than two input parameters Using functions to encapsulate business logic Using functions to provide ease of modification Understanding filters Creating a function: Step-by-step exercises
Chapter 6 quick reference Chapter 7 Creating advanced functions and modules The [cmdletbinding] attribute Easy verbose messages Automatic parameter checks Adding support for the -WhatIf switch parameter Adding support for the -Confirm switch parameter Specifying the default parameter set The Parameter attribute The Mandatory parameter property The Position parameter property The ParameterSetName parameter property The ValueFromPipeline property The HelpMessage property Understanding modules Locating and loading modules Installing modules Creating a module Creating an advanced function and installing a module: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 7 quick reference Chapter 8 Using the Windows PowerShell ISE Running the Windows PowerShell ISE Navigating the Windows PowerShell ISE Working with the script pane Using tab expansion and IntelliSense Working with Windows PowerShell ISE snippets
Using Windows PowerShell ISE snippets to create code Creating new Windows PowerShell ISE snippets Removing user-defined Windows PowerShell ISE snippets Using the Commands add-on and snippets: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 8 quick reference Chapter 9 Working with Windows PowerShell profiles Six different Windows PowerShell profiles Understanding the six Windows PowerShell profiles Examining the $profile variable Determining whether a specific profile exists Creating a new profile Design considerations for profiles Using one or more profiles Using the All Users, All Hosts profile Using your own file Grouping similar functionality into a module Where to store the profile module Creating and adding functionality to a profile: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 9 quick reference Chapter 10 Using WMI Understanding the WMI model Working with objects and namespaces Listing WMI providers Working with WMI classes Querying WMI Obtaining service information: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 10 quick reference
Chapter 11 Querying WMI Alternate ways to connect to WMI Returning selective data from all instances Selecting multiple properties Choosing specific instances Using an operator Shortening the syntax Working with software: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 11 quick reference Chapter 12 Remoting WMI Using WMI against remote systems Supplying alternate credentials for the remote connection Using Windows PowerShell remoting to run WMI Using CIM classes to query WMI classes Working with remote results Reducing data via Windows PowerShell parameters Reducing data via WQL query Running WMI jobs Using Windows PowerShell remoting and WMI: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 12 quick reference Chapter 13 Calling WMI methods on WMI classes Using WMI cmdlets to execute instance methods Using the Terminate method directly Using the Invoke-WmiMethod cmdlet Using the [wmi] type accelerator Using WMI cmdlets to work with static methods Executing instance methods: Step-by-step exercises
Chapter 13 quick reference Chapter 14 Using the CIM cmdlets Using the CIM cmdlets to explore WMI classes Using the Get-CimClass cmdlet and the -ClassName parameter Finding WMI class methods Filtering classes by qualifier Retrieving WMI instances Reducing returned properties and instances Cleaning up output from the command Working with associations Retrieving WMI instances: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 14 quick reference Chapter 15 Working with Active Directory Creating objects in Active Directory Creating an OU ADSI providers LDAP names Creating users What is user account control? Working with users Creating multiple OUs: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 15 quick reference Chapter 16 Working with the AD DS module Understanding the Active Directory module Installing the Active Directory module Getting started with the Active Directory module
Using the Active Directory module Finding the FSMO role holders Discovering Active Directory Renaming Active Directory sites Managing users Creating a user Finding and unlocking Active Directory user accounts Finding disabled users Finding unused user accounts Updating Active Directory objects: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 16 quick reference Chapter 17 Deploying Active Directory by using Windows PowerShell Using the Active Directory module to deploy a new forest Adding a new domain controller to an existing domain Adding a read-only domain controller Installing domain controller prerequisites and adding to a forest: Step-by- step exercises Chapter 17 quick reference Chapter 18 Debugging scripts Understanding debugging in Windows PowerShell Understanding the three different types of errors Using the Set-PSDebug cmdlet Tracing the script Stepping through the script Enabling strict mode Debugging the script Setting breakpoints
Setting a breakpoint on a line number Setting a breakpoint on a variable Setting a breakpoint on a command Responding to breakpoints Listing breakpoints Enabling and disabling breakpoints Deleting breakpoints Debugging a function: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 18 quick reference Chapter 19 Handling errors Handling missing parameters Creating a default value for a parameter Making the parameter mandatory Limiting choices Using PromptForChoice to limit selections Using Test-Connection to identify computer connectivity Using the -contains operator to examine the contents of an array Using the -contains operator to test for properties Handling missing rights Using an attempt-and-fail approach Checking for rights and exiting gracefully Handling missing WMI providers Handling incorrect data types Handling out-of-bounds errors Using a boundary-checking function Placing limits on the parameter Using Try...Catch...Finally
Catching multiple errors Using PromptForChoice to limit selections and using Try...Catch...Finally: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 19 quick reference Chapter 20 Using the Windows PowerShell workflow Why use workflows? Workflow requirements A simple workflow Parallel PowerShell Workflow activities Windows PowerShell cmdlets as activities Disallowed core cmdlets Non-automatic cmdlet activities Parallel activities Checkpointing Windows PowerShell workflow Understanding checkpoints Placing checkpoints Adding checkpoints Adding a sequence activity to a workflow Creating a workflow and adding checkpoints: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 20 quick reference Chapter 21 Managing Windows PowerShell DSC Understanding Desired State Configuration The DSC process Configuration parameters Setting dependencies Controlling configuration drift
Modifying environment variables Creating a DSC configuration and adding a dependency: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 21 quick reference Chapter 22 Using the PowerShell Gallery Exploring the PowerShell Gallery Configuring and using PowerShell Get Installing a module from the PowerShell Gallery Configuring trusted installation locations Uninstalling a module Searching for and installing modules from the PowerShell Gallery: Step-by- step exercises Chapter 22 quick reference Appendix A: Windows PowerShell scripting best practices Appendix B: Regular expressions quick reference Index About the author What do you think of this book? We want to hear from you! Microsoft is interested in hearing your feedback so we can improve our books and learning resources for you. To participate in a brief survey, please visit: http://aka.ms/tellpress
Introduction Windows PowerShell is the de facto management standard for Windows administrators. As part of the Microsoft Engineering Common Criteria, Windows PowerShell management hooks are built into all server-based products, including Microsoft SQL Server, Exchange, System Center, and SharePoint. Knowledge of, and even expertise in, this technology is no longer “nice to know”—it is essential, and it often appears as a required skill set in open job notices. Windows PowerShell Step by Step, Third Edition, offers a solid footing for the IT pro trying to come up to speed on this essential management technology. Who should read this book This book exists to help IT pros come up to speed quickly on the exciting Windows PowerShell 5.0 technology. Windows PowerShell Step by Step, Third Edition is specifically aimed at several audiences, including: Windows networking consultants Anyone who wants to standardize and to automate the installation and configuration of Microsoft .NET networking components. Windows network administrators Anyone who wants to automate the day-to-day management of Windows or .NET networks. Microsoft Certified Solutions Experts (MCSEs) and Microsoft Certified Trainers (MCTs) Windows PowerShell is a key component of many Microsoft courses and certification exams. General technical staff Anyone who wants to collect information or configure settings on Windows machines. Power users Anyone who wants to obtain maximum power and configurability of their Windows machines, either at home or in an unmanaged desktop workplace environment. Assumptions
Assumptions This book expects that you are familiar with the Windows operating system; therefore, basic networking terms are not explained in detail. The book does not expect you to have any background in programming, development, or scripting. All elements related to these topics, as they arise, are fully explained. This book might not be for you if... Not every book is aimed at every possible audience. This is not a Windows PowerShell 5.0 reference book; therefore, extremely deep, esoteric topics are not covered. Although some advanced topics are covered, in general the discussion starts with beginner topics and proceeds through an intermediate depth. If you have never seen a computer and have no idea what a keyboard or a mouse is, this book definitely is not for you. Organization of this book This book can be divided into three parts. The first part explores the Windows PowerShell command line. The second discusses Windows PowerShell scripting. The third part covers more advanced Windows PowerShell techniques, in addition to the use of Windows PowerShell in various management scenarios. This three-part structure is somewhat artificial and is not actually delimitated by “part” pages, but it is a useful way to approach a rather long book. A better way to approach the book would be to think of it as a big sampler box of chocolates. Each chapter introduces new experiences, techniques, and skills. Though the book is not intended to be an advanced-level book on computer programming, it is intended to provide a foundation that you could use to progress to advanced levels of training if you find an area that you see as especially suited to your needs. So if you fall in love with Windows PowerShell Desired State Configuration, remember that Chapter 21, “Managing Windows PowerShell DSC,” is only a sample of what you can do with this technology. Indeed, some Windows PowerShell MVPs are almost completely focused on this one aspect of Windows PowerShell. Finding your best starting point in this book
Finding your best starting point in this book The different sections of Windows PowerShell Step by Step, Third Edition, cover a wide range of technologies. Depending on your needs and your existing understanding of Microsoft tools, you might want to focus on specific areas of the book. Use the following table to determine how best to proceed through the book. All of the book’s chapters include two hands-on labs that let you try out the concepts just learned. System requirements You will need the following hardware and software to complete the practice exercises in this book: Windows 10, Windows 7, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2008 R2, or Windows Server 2008 with Service Pack 2. Computer that has a 1.6 GHz or faster processor (2 GHz recommended) 1 GB (32-bit) or 2 GB (64-bit) RAM 3.5 GB of available hard disk space 5400 RPM hard disk drive DirectX 9 capable video card running at 1024 x 768 or higher-resolution display Internet connection to download software or chapter examples
Depending on your Windows configuration, you might require Local Administrator rights to run certain commands. Downloads: Scripts Most of the chapters in this book include exercises that let you interactively try out new material learned in the main text. All sample scripts can be downloaded from the following page: http://aka.ms/PS3E/files Follow the instructions to download the PS3E_675117_Scripts.zip file. Installing the scripts Follow these steps to install the scripts on your computer so that you can use them with the exercises in this book. 1. Unzip the PS3E_675117_Scripts.zip file that you downloaded from the book’s website. 2. If prompted, review the displayed end user license agreement. If you accept the terms, select the accept option, and then click Next. Using the scripts The folders created by unzipping the file are named for each chapter from the book that contains scripts. Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments I’d like to thank the following people: my editors Kathy Krause and Jaime Odell from OTSI, for turning the book into something resembling English and steering me through the numerous Microsoft stylisms; my technical reviewer and good friend Brian Wilhite, Microsoft PFE, whose attention to detail kept me from looking foolish; Jason Walker from Microsoft Consulting Services, and Gary Siepser and Ashley McGlone, both from Microsoft PFE, who reviewed my outline and made numerous suggestions with regard to completeness. Lastly, I want to acknowledge my wife, Teresa Wilson, Windows PowerShell MVP (aka the Scripting Wife), who read every page and made numerous suggestions that will be of great benefit to beginning scripters. Errata, updates, & book support We’ve made every effort to ensure the accuracy of this book and its companion content. You can access updates to this book—in the form of a list of submitted errata and their related corrections—at: http://aka.ms/PS3E/errata If you discover an error that is not already listed, please submit it to us at the same page. If you need additional support, email Microsoft Press Book Support at: mspinput@microsoft.com Please note that product support for Microsoft software and hardware is not offered through the previous addresses. For help with Microsoft software or hardware, go to: http://support.microsoft.com Free ebooks from Microsoft Press From technical overviews to in-depth information on special topics, the free ebooks from Microsoft Press cover a wide range of topics. These ebooks are available in PDF, EPUB, and Mobi for Kindle formats, ready for you to download at:
http://aka.ms/mspressfree Check back often to see what is new! We want to hear from you At Microsoft Press, your satisfaction is our top priority, and your feedback our most valuable asset. Please tell us what you think of this book at: http://aka.ms/tellpress We know you’re busy, so we’ve kept it short with just a few questions. Your answers go directly to the editors at Microsoft Press. (No personal information will be requested.) Thanks in advance for your input! Stay in touch Let’s keep the conversation going! We’re on Twitter: http://twitter.com/MicrosoftPress.
Chapter 1. Overview of Windows PowerShell 5.0 After completing this chapter, you will be able to Understand the basic use and capabilities of Windows PowerShell. Install Windows PowerShell. Use basic command-line utilities inside Windows PowerShell. Use Windows PowerShell help. Run basic Windows PowerShell cmdlets. Get help on basic Windows PowerShell cmdlets. The release of Windows PowerShell 5.0 continues to offer real power to the Windows network administrator. Combining the power of a full-fledged scripting language with access to command-line utilities, Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI), and even Microsoft Visual Basic Scripting Edition (VBScript), Windows PowerShell provides real power and ease. The implementation of hundreds of cmdlets and advanced functions provides a rich ecosystem that makes sophisticated changes as simple as a single line of easy- to-read code. As part of the Microsoft Common Engineering Criteria, Windows PowerShell is the management solution for the Windows platform. Understanding Windows PowerShell Perhaps the biggest obstacle for a Windows network administrator in migrating to Windows PowerShell 5.0 is understanding what Windows PowerShell actually is. In some respects, it is a replacement for the venerable CMD (command) shell. In fact, on Windows Server–based computers running Server Core, it is possible to replace the CMD shell with Windows PowerShell so that when the server starts up, it uses Windows PowerShell as the interface. As shown here, after Windows PowerShell launches, you can use cd to change the working directory, and then use dir to produce a directory listing in exactly the same way you would perform these tasks from the CMD shell.
PS C:WindowsSystem32> cd PS C:> dir Directory: C: Mode LastWriteTime Length Name ---- ------------- ------ ---- d----- 7/10/2015 7:07 PM FSO d----- 7/9/2015 5:24 AM PerfLogs d-r--- 7/9/2015 6:59 AM Program Files d-r--- 7/10/2015 7:27 PM Program Files (x86) d-r--- 7/10/2015 7:18 PM Users d----- 7/10/2015 6:00 PM Windows PS C:> You can also combine traditional CMD interpreter commands with other utilities, such as fsutil. This is shown here. PS C:> md c:test Directory: C: Mode LastWriteTime Length Name ---- ------------- ------ ---- d----- 7/11/2015 11:14 AM test PS C:> fsutil file createnew c:testmyfile.txt 1000 File c:testmyfile.txt is created PS C:> cd c:test PS C:test> dir Directory: C:test Mode LastWriteTime Length Name ---- ------------- ------ ---- -a---- 7/11/2015 11:14 AM 1000 myfile.txt PS C:test> The preceding two examples show Windows PowerShell being used in an interactive manner. Interactivity is one of the primary features of Windows PowerShell, and you can begin to use Windows PowerShell interactively by
opening a Windows PowerShell prompt and entering commands. You can enter the commands one at a time, or you can group them together like a batch file. I will discuss this later because you will need more information to understand it. Using cmdlets In addition to using Windows console applications and built-in commands, you can also use the cmdlets (pronounced commandlets) that are built into Windows PowerShell. Cmdlets can be created by anyone. The Windows PowerShell team creates the core cmdlets, but many other teams at Microsoft were involved in creating the hundreds of cmdlets that were included with Windows 10. They are like executable programs, but they take advantage of the facilities built into Windows PowerShell, and therefore are easy to write. They are not scripts, which are uncompiled code, because they are built using the services of a special Microsoft .NET Framework namespace. Windows PowerShell 5.0 comes with about 1,300 cmdlets on Windows 10, and as additional features and roles are added, so are additional cmdlets. These cmdlets are designed to assist the network administrator or consultant to take advantage of the power of Windows PowerShell without having to learn a scripting language. One of the strengths of Windows PowerShell is that cmdlets use a standard naming convention that follows a verb-noun pattern, such as Get-Help, Get-EventLog, or Get-Process. The cmdlets that use the get verb display information about the item on the right side of the dash. The cmdlets that use the set verb modify or set information about the item on the right side of the dash. An example of a cmdlet that uses the set verb is Set-Service, which can be used to change the start mode of a service. All cmdlets use one of the standard verbs. To find all of the standard verbs, you can use the Get-Verb cmdlet. In Windows PowerShell 5.0, there are nearly 100 approved verbs. Installing Windows PowerShell
Installing Windows PowerShell Windows PowerShell 5.0 comes with Windows 10 Client. You can download the Windows Management Framework 5.0 package, which contains updated versions of Windows Remote Management (WinRM), WMI, and Windows PowerShell 5.0, from the Microsoft Download Center. Because Windows 10 comes with Windows PowerShell 5.0, there is no Windows Management Framework 5.0 package available for download—it is not needed. In order to install Windows Management Framework 5.0 on Windows 7, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Server 2012, and Windows Server 2012 R2, they all must be running the .NET Framework 4.5. Deploying Windows PowerShell to down-level operating systems After Windows PowerShell is downloaded from http://www.microsoft.com/downloads, you can deploy it to your enterprise by using any of the standard methods. Here are few of the methods that you can use to accomplish Windows PowerShell deployment: Create a Microsoft Systems Center Configuration Manager package and advertise it to the appropriate organizational unit (OU) or collection. Create a Group Policy Object (GPO) in Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) and link it to the appropriate OU. Approve the update in Software Update Services (SUS), when available. Add the Windows Management Framework 5.0 packages to a central file share or webpage for self-service. If you are not deploying to an entire enterprise, perhaps the easiest way to install Windows PowerShell is to download the package and step through the wizard.
Note To use a command-line utility in Windows PowerShell, launch Windows PowerShell by choosing Start | Run | PowerShell. At the Windows PowerShell prompt, enter in the command to run. Using command-line utilities As mentioned earlier, command-line utilities can be used directly within Windows PowerShell. The advantages of using command-line utilities in Windows PowerShell, as opposed to simply running them in the CMD interpreter, are the Windows PowerShell pipelining and formatting features. Additionally, if you have batch files or CMD files that already use existing command-line utilities, you can easily modify them to run within the Windows PowerShell environment. The following procedure illustrates adding ipconfig commands to a text file. Running ipconfig commands 1. Start Windows PowerShell by choosing Start | Run | PowerShell. The Windows PowerShell prompt opens by default at the root of your user folder—for example, C:UsersEd. 2. Enter the command ipconfig /all. This is shown here. PS C:> ipconfig /all 3. Pipeline the result of ipconfig /all to a text file. This is illustrated here. PS C:> ipconfig /all >ipconfig.txt 4. Open Notepad to view the contents of the text file, as follows. PS C:> notepad ipconfig.txt Entering a single command into Windows PowerShell is useful, but at times you might need more than one command to provide troubleshooting information or configuration details to assist with setup issues or performance
problems. This is where Windows PowerShell really shines. In the past, you would have either had to write a batch file or enter the commands manually. This is shown in the TroubleShoot.bat script that follows. TroubleShoot.bat ipconfig /all >C:tshoot.txt route print >>C:tshoot.txt hostname >>C:tshoot.txt net statistics workstation >>C:tshoot.txt Of course, if you entered the commands manually, you had to wait for each command to complete before entering the subsequent command. In that case, it was always possible to lose your place in the command sequence, or to have to wait for the result of each command. Windows PowerShell eliminates this problem. You can now enter multiple commands on a single line, and then leave the computer or perform other tasks while the computer produces the output. No batch file needs to be written to achieve this capability. Tip Use multiple commands on a single Windows PowerShell line. Enter each complete command, and then use a semicolon to separate the commands. The following exercise describes how to run multiple commands. Running multiple commands 1. Open Windows PowerShell by choosing Start | Run | PowerShell. The Windows PowerShell prompt opens by default at the root of your user folder. 2. Enter the ipconfig /all command. Pipeline the output to a text file called Tshoot.txt by using the redirection arrow (>). This is the result. ipconfig /all >tshoot.txt 3. On the same line, use a semicolon to separate the ipconfig /all command
from the route print command. Append the output from the command to a text file called Tshoot.txt by using the redirect-and-append arrow (>>). Here is the command so far. ipconfig /all >tshoot.txt; route print >>tshoot.txt 4. On the same line, use a semicolon to separate the route print command from the hostname command. Append the output from the command to a text file called Tshoot.txt by using the redirect-and-append arrow. The command up to this point is shown here. ipconfig /all >tshoot.txt; route print >>tshoot.txt; hostname >>tshoot .txt 5. On the same line, use a semicolon to separate the hostname command from the net statistics workstation command. Append the output from the command to a text file called Tshoot.txt by using the redirect-and-append arrow. The completed command looks like the following. ipconfig /all >tshoot.txt; route print >>tshoot.txt; hostname >>tshoot .txt; net statistics workstation >>tshoot.txt Security issues with Windows PowerShell As with any tool as versatile as Windows PowerShell, there are bound to be some security concerns. Security, however, was one of the design goals in the development of Windows PowerShell. When you launch Windows PowerShell, it opens in the root of your user folder; this ensures that you are in a directory where you will have permission to perform certain actions and activities. This is far safer than opening at the root of the drive, or even opening in system root. The running of scripts is disabled by default and can be easily managed through Group Policy. It can also be managed on a per-user or per-session basis. Controlling execution of Windows PowerShell
Controlling execution of Windows PowerShell cmdlets Have you ever opened a CMD interpreter prompt, entered a command, and pressed Enter so that you could find out what it does? What if that command happened to be Format C:? Are you sure you want to format your C drive? This section covers some parameters that can be supplied to cmdlets that allow you to control the way they execute. Although not all cmdlets support these parameters, most of those included with Windows PowerShell do. The three switch parameters you can use to control execution are -WhatIf, -Confirm, and suspend. Suspend is not really a switch parameter that is supplied to a cmdlet, but rather is an action you can take at a confirmation prompt, and is therefore another method of controlling execution. Note To use -WhatIf at a Windows PowerShell prompt, enter the cmdlet. Type the -WhatIf switch parameter after the cmdlet. This only works for cmdlets that change system state. Therefore, there is no -WhatIf parameter for cmdlets like Get-Process that only display information. Windows PowerShell cmdlets that change system state (such as Set-Service) support a prototype mode that you can enter by using the -WhatIf switch parameter. The developer decides to implement -WhatIf when developing the cmdlet; however, the Windows PowerShell team recommends that developers implement -WhatIf. The use of the -WhatIf switch parameter is shown in the following procedure. Using -WhatIf to prototype a command 1. Open Windows PowerShell by choosing Start | Run | PowerShell. The Windows PowerShell prompt opens by default at the root of your user folder.
2. Start an instance of Notepad.exe. Do this by entering notepad and pressing the Enter key. This is shown here. notepad 3. Identify the Notepad process you just started by using the Get-Process cmdlet. Type enough of the process name to identify it, and then use a wildcard asterisk (*) to avoid typing the entire name of the process, as follows. Get-Process note* 4. Examine the output from the Get-Process cmdlet, and identify the process ID. The output on my machine is shown here. Note that, in all likelihood, the process ID used by your instance of Notepad.exe will be different from the one on my machine. Handles NPM(K) PM(K) WS(K) VM(M) CPU(s) Id ProcessName ------- ------ ----- ----- ----- ------ -- ----------- 114 8 1544 8712 ...54 0.00 3756 notepad 5. Use -WhatIf to find out what would happen if you used Stop-Process to stop the process ID you obtained in step 4. This process ID is found under the Id column in your output. Use the -Id parameter to identify the Notepad.exe process. The command is as follows. Stop-Process -id 3756 -whatif 6. Examine the output from the command. It tells you that the command will stop the Notepad process with the process ID that you used in your command. What if: Performing the operation "Stop-Process" on target "notepad (3756)". Confirming actions As described in the previous section, you can use -WhatIf to prototype a cmdlet in Windows PowerShell. This is useful for finding out what a cmdlet would do; however, if you want to be prompted before the execution of the cmdlet, you can use the -Confirm parameter.
Confirming the execution of cmdlets 1. Open Windows PowerShell, start an instance of Notepad.exe, identify the process, and examine the output, just as in steps 1 through 4 in the previous exercise. 2. Use the -Confirm parameter to force a prompt when using the Stop- Process cmdlet to stop the Notepad process identified by the Get-Process note* command. This is shown here. Stop-Process -id 3756 -confirm The Stop-Process cmdlet, when used with the -Confirm parameter, displays the following confirmation prompt. Confirm Are you sure you want to perform this action? Performing operation "Stop-Process" on Target "notepad (3756)". [Y] Yes [A] Yes to All [N] No [L] No to All [S] Suspend [?] Help (default is "Y"): 3. Enter y and press Enter. The Notepad.exe process ends. The Windows PowerShell prompt returns to the default, ready for new commands, as shown here. PS C:> Tip To suspend cmdlet confirmation, at the confirmation prompt from the cmdlet, enter s and press Enter. Suspending confirmation of cmdlets
Suspending confirmation of cmdlets The ability to prompt for confirmation of the execution of a cmdlet is extremely useful and at times might be vital to assisting in maintaining a high level of system uptime. There might be times when you enter a long command and then remember that you need to check on something else first. For example, you might be in the middle of stopping a number of processes, but you need to view details on the processes to ensure that you do not stop the wrong one. For such eventualities, you can tell the confirmation that you would like to suspend execution of the command. Suspending execution of a cmdlet 1. Open Windows PowerShell, start an instance of Notepad.exe, identify the process, and examine the output, just as in steps 1 through 4 in the “Using -WhatIf to prototype a command” exercise. The output on my machine is shown following. Note that in all likelihood, the process ID used by your instance of Notepad.exe will be different from the one on my machine. Handles NPM(K) PM(K) WS(K) VM(M) CPU(s) Id ProcessName ------- ------ ----- ----- ----- ------ -- ----------- 39 2 944 400 29 0.05 3576 notepad 2. Use the -Confirm parameter to force a prompt when using the Stop- Process cmdlet to stop the Notepad process identified by the Get-Process note* command. This is illustrated here. Stop-Process -id 3576 -confirm The Stop-Process cmdlet, when used with the -Confirm parameter, displays the following confirmation prompt. Confirm Are you sure you want to perform this action? Performing operation "Stop-Process" on Target "notepad (3576)". [Y] Yes [A] Yes to All [N] No [L] No to All [S] Suspend [?] Help (default is "Y"): 3. To suspend execution of the Stop-Process cmdlet, enter s. and then a double-arrow prompt appears, as follows. PS C:>>
4. Use the Get-Process cmdlet to obtain a list of all the running processes that begin with the letter n. The syntax is as follows. Get-Process n* On my machine, two processes appear, the Notepad process I launched earlier and another process. This is shown here. Handles NPM(K) PM(K) WS(K) VM(M) CPU(s) Id ProcessName ------- ------ ----- ----- ----- ------ -- ----------- 269 168 4076 2332 ...98 0.19 1632 NisSrv 114 8 1536 8732 ...54 0.02 3576 notepad 5. Return to the previous confirmation prompt by entering exit. Again, the confirmation prompt appears as follows. Confirm Are you sure you want to perform this action? Performing operation "Stop-Process" on Target "notepad (3576)". [Y] Yes [A] Yes to All [N] No [L] No to All [S] Suspend [?] Help (default is "Y"): 6. Enter y and press Enter to stop the Notepad process. There is no further confirmation. The prompt now displays the default Windows PowerShell prompt, as shown here. PS C:> Working with Windows PowerShell This section goes into detail about how to access Windows PowerShell and configure the Windows PowerShell console. Accessing Windows PowerShell
Accessing Windows PowerShell After Windows PowerShell is installed on a down-level system, it becomes available for immediate use. However, pressing the Windows logo key on the keyboard and pressing R to bring up a run dialog box—or using the mouse to choose Start | Run | PowerShell all the time—will become time-consuming and tedious. (This is not quite as big a problem on Windows 10, where you can just enter PowerShell on the Start screen.) On Windows 10, I pin both Windows PowerShell and the Windows PowerShell ISE to both the Start screen and the taskbar. On Windows Server 2012 R2 running Server Core, I replace the CMD prompt with the Windows PowerShell console. For me and the way I work, this is ideal, so I wrote a script to do it. This script can be called through a log-on script to automatically deploy the shortcut on the desktop. On Windows 10, the script adds both the Windows PowerShell ISE and the Windows PowerShell console to both the Start screen and the taskbar. On Windows 7, it adds both to the taskbar and to the Start menu. The script only works for US English– language operating systems. To make it work in other languages, change the value of $pinToStart and $pinToTaskBar to the equivalent values in the target language. Note Using Windows PowerShell scripts is covered in Chapter 5, “Using Windows PowerShell scripts.” See that chapter for information about how the script works and how to actually run the script. The script is called PinToStart.ps1, and is as follows. PinToStart.ps1 $pinToStart = "Pin to Start" $file = @((Join-Path -Path $PSHOME -childpath "PowerShell.exe"), (Join-Path -Path $PSHOME -childpath "powershell_ise.exe") ) Foreach($f in $file) {$path = Split-Path $f $shell=New-Object -com "Shell.Application" $folder=$shell.Namespace($path)
$item = $folder.parsename((Split-Path $f -leaf)) $verbs = $item.verbs() foreach($v in $verbs) {if($v.Name.Replace("&","") -match $pinToStart){$v.DoIt()}} Configuring the Windows PowerShell console Many items can be configured for Windows PowerShell. These items can be stored in a PSConsole file. To export the console configuration file, use the Export-Console cmdlet, as shown here. PS C:> Export-Console myconsole The PSConsole file is saved in the current directory by default and has an extension of .psc1. The PSConsole file is saved in XML format. A generic console file is shown here. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <PSConsoleFile ConsoleSchemaVersion="1.0"> <PSVersion>5.0.10224.0</PSVersion> <PSSnapIns /> </PSConsoleFile> Controlling Windows PowerShell launch options 1. Launch Windows PowerShell without the banner by using the -NoLogo argument. This is shown here. PowerShell -nologo 2. Launch a specific version of Windows PowerShell by using the -Version argument. This is shown here. PowerShell -version 3 3. Launch Windows PowerShell using a specific configuration file by specifying the -PSConsoleFile argument, as follows. PowerShell -psconsolefile myconsole.psc1 4. Launch Windows PowerShell, execute a specific command, and then exit by using the -Command argument. The command itself must be prefixed by an ampersand (&) and enclosed in braces. This is shown here. Powershell -command "& {Get-Process}"
Supplying options for cmdlets One of the useful features of Windows PowerShell is the standardization of the syntax in working with cmdlets. This vastly simplifies the learning of Windows PowerShell and language constructs. Table 1-1 lists the common parameters. Keep in mind that some cmdlets cannot implement some of these parameters. However, if these parameters are used, they will be interpreted in the same manner for all cmdlets, because the Windows PowerShell engine itself interprets the parameters. TABLE 1-1 Common parameters Note To get help on any cmdlet, use the Get-Help <cmdletname> cmdlet. For example, use Get-Help Get-Process to obtain help with using the Get- Process cmdlet. Working with the help options One of the first commands to run when you are opening Windows PowerShell for the first time is the Update-Help cmdlet. This is because Windows PowerShell does not include help files with the product, as of Windows PowerShell version 3. This does not mean that no help presents itself—it does mean that help beyond simple syntax display requires an additional download. A default installation of Windows PowerShell 5.0 contains numerous modules that vary from installation to installation, depending upon the operating system
features and roles selected. In fact, Windows PowerShell 5.0 installed on Windows 7 workstations contains far fewer modules and cmdlets than are available on a similar Windows 10 workstation. This does not mean that all is chaos, however, because the essential Windows PowerShell cmdlets—the core cmdlets—remain unchanged from installation to installation. The difference between installations is because additional features and roles often install additional Windows PowerShell modules and cmdlets. The modular nature of Windows PowerShell requires additional consideration when you are updating help. Simply running Update-Help does not update all of the modules loaded on a particular system. In fact, some modules might not support updatable help at all—these generate an error when you attempt to update help. The easiest way to ensure that you update all possible help is to use both the -Module parameter and the -Force switch parameter. The command to update help for all installed modules (those that support updatable help) is shown here. Update-Help -Module * -Force The result of running the Update-Help cmdlet on a typical Windows 10 client system is shown in Figure 1-1.
FIGURE 1-1 Errors appear when you attempt to update help files that do not support updatable help. One way to update help and not receive a screen full of error messages is to run the Update-Help cmdlet and suppress the errors altogether. This technique is shown here. Update-Help -Module * -Force -ea 0 The problem with this approach is that you can never be certain that you have actually received updated help for everything you wanted to update. A better approach is to hide the errors during the update process, but also to display errors after the update completes. The advantage to this approach is the ability to display cleaner errors. The UpdateHelpTrackErrors.ps1 script illustrates this technique. The first thing the UpdateHelpTrackErrors.ps1 script does is empty the error stack by calling the clear method. Next, it calls the Update-Help module with both the -Module parameter and the -Force switch parameter. In addition, it uses the -ErrorAction parameter (ea is an alias for this parameter) with a value of 0 (zero). A 0 value means that errors will not be displayed when the command runs. The script concludes by using a For loop to walk through the errors and by displaying the error exceptions. The complete
UpdateHelpTrackErrors.ps1 script is shown here. UpdateHelpTrackErrors.ps1 $error.Clear() Update-Help -Module * -Force -ea 0 For ($i = 0 ; $i -lt $error.Count ; $i ++) { "`nerror $i" ; $error[$i].exception } Note For information about writing Windows PowerShell scripts and about using the For loop, see Chapter 5. When the UpdateHelpTrackErrors script runs, a progress bar is shown, indicating the progress as the updatable help files update. When the script is finished, any errors appear in order. The script and associated errors are shown in Figure 1-2. FIGURE 1-2 Cleaner error output from updatable help is generated by the UpdateHelpTrackErrors script. You can also determine which modules receive updated help by running the
Update-Help cmdlet with the -Verbose switch parameter. Unfortunately, when you do this, the output scrolls by so fast that it is hard to see what has actually updated. To solve this problem, redirect the verbose output to a text file. In the command that follows, all modules attempt to update help. The verbose messages redirect to a text file named updatedhelp.txt in a folder named fso off the root. Update-Help -module * -force -verbose 4>>c:fsoupdatedhelp.txt Windows PowerShell has a high level of discoverability; that is, to learn how to use Windows PowerShell, you can simply use Windows PowerShell. Online help serves an important role in assisting in this discoverability. The help system in Windows PowerShell can be entered by several methods. To learn about using Windows PowerShell, use the Get-Help cmdlet as follows. Get-Help Get-Help This command prints out help about the Get-Help cmdlet. The output from this cmdlet is illustrated here: NAME Get-Help SYNOPSIS Displays information about Windows PowerShell commands and concepts. SYNTAX Get-Help [[-Name] <String>] [-Category <String[]>] [-Component <String[]>] [-Full] [-Functionality <String[]>] [-Path <String>] [-Role <String[]>] [<CommonParameters>] Get-Help [[-Name] <String>] [-Category <String[]>] [-Component <String[]>] [-Functionality <String[]>] [-Path <String>] [-Role <String[]>] - Detailed [<CommonParameters>] Get-Help [[-Name] <String>] [-Category <String[]>] [-Component <String[]>] [-Functionality <String[]>] [-Path <String>] [-Role <String[]>] - Examples [<CommonParameters>] Get-Help [[-Name] <String>] [-Category <String[]>] [-Component
<String[]>] [-Functionality <String[]>] [-Path <String>] [-Role <String[]>] - Online [<CommonParameters>] Get-Help [[-Name] <String>] [-Category <String[]>] [-Component <String[]>] [-Functionality <String[]>] [-Path <String>] [-Role <String[]>] - Parameter <String> [<CommonParameters>] Get-Help [[-Name] <String>] [-Category <String[]>] [-Component <String[]>] [-Functionality <String[]>] [-Path <String>] [-Role <String[]>] - ShowWindow [<CommonParameters>] DESCRIPTION The Get-Help cmdlet displays information about Windows PowerShell concepts and commands, including cmdlets, functions, CIM commands, workflows, providers, aliases and scripts. To get help for a Windows PowerShell command, type "Get-Help" followed by the command name, such as: Get-Help Get-Process. To get a list of all help topics on your system, type: Get-Help *. You can display the entire help topic or use the parameters of the Get-Help cmdlet to get selected parts of the topic, such as the syntax, parameters, or examples. Conceptual help topics in Windows PowerShell begin with "about_", such as "about_Comparison_Operators". To see all "about_" topics, type: Get- Help about_*. To see a particular topic, type: Get-Help about_<topic-name>, such as Get-Help about_Comparison_Operators. To get help for a Windows PowerShell provider, type "Get-Help" followed by the provider name. For example, to get help for the Certificate provider, type: Get-Help Certificate. In addition to "Get-Help", you can also type "help" or "man", which displays one screen of text at a time, or "<cmdlet-name> -?", which is identical to Get-Help but works only for commands.
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“Then the deceit was the braver in its thoroughness. Know, gentlemen, and Bretons—all, that it was Bertrand du Guesclin who fought in my brother’s stead!” Her words fell like stones into a pool, making the waters swing into merging circles that spread and melted into a vague suggestion of unrest. “Messires,” and she looked round at the listening faces with a brave lifting of the head, “I loved my brother, and I was afraid, for he was young and not stiffened into manhood when the news came of the gathering at Mivoie. It was then that Bertrand lodged at La Bellière with us a night, and since he was my friend I gave my brother to him with these words: ‘Look to the lad, because I love him, and because he is our father’s only son.’ Little did I think that Bertrand du Guesclin would set so great a price upon my words, and bear the shame to save a coward.” She ceased, and looked round her at the faces of those who listened. Only on Carro de Bodegat’s face did she find the unhallowed glimmer of a prurient sneer. “If this is the truth—” It was Dubois, the Breton bear, who came forward several paces from where he stood. “It is the truth. Ask the Sire de Tinteniac, ask Robin Raguenel, for you will find him among the monks of the abbey of Lehon. Shame drove my brother there when he could no longer bear the burden of a lie.” Not a man doubted her in the sincerity of his heart. Carro de Bodegat alone remained grudging and ungenerous to the end. “Madame, we have yet to hear the meaning of this man’s hiding at Pontivy.” “This man—indeed!” and she let her scorn flash out at him. “Come, Messire Carro de Bodegat, I will ask you a question in return. Who was it killed Croquart and his three men single-handed when you were hunting them with fifty Bretons at your back?” The laugh was against De Bodegat. The rest had drawn aside from him. He stood alone, and would not suffer his jealousy to be convinced.
“Madame, you have not answered me.” “I have no wish to answer you, messire. Bertrand, who is no traitor, will answer for himself.” The Bretons cheered her. De Bodegat, remembering Croquart’s mangled neck, looked sullenly at Bertrand and said nothing. The pent-up ardor of the men burst out at last. All hands were towards Bertrand, and they crowded about him, strenuous to make amends. It was Dubois who was the first to do a brave man’s penance for a savage wrong. And yet another was before him in the act, for Tinteniac, long a listener, had pushed through the crowd and rushed on Du Guesclin with a great hearted-shout of joy. “Bertrand, Brother Bertrand, the prize at Mivoie should have been yours—not mine.” “Sire,” and the strong man’s head was bowed at last so that it rested on Tinteniac’s shoulder—“sire, I am a great fool, but—God help me—I shall play the woman.”
XXXIX They stood alone together on the edge of the orchard, nothing but deep grassland before them and the haze of heat that covered the woods. The men who had followed the green gyron from Josselin had slipped away by twos and threes—Tinteniac, with his hand on Dubois’s shoulder; Carro de Bodegat, in sneering solitude and ready to snap at his best friend. The bees were working in the apple-boughs, and the birds sang everywhere. The green lap of the world was filled with the precious stones from the treasure-chest of spring. Tiphaïne was looking before her with a faint smile playing about her mouth, the sword that Carro de Bodegat had surrendered to her held like a crucifix in her hands. “Bertrand.” Now that they were alone together he felt half afraid of her, and shy of the great gulf that her imagined marriage had set between them. Tiphaïne, turning to him, wondered why his eyes looked sad. Her gratitude was more deep than gratitude towards him. Bertrand might have suspected it had he not been so resigned to believing her a wife. “Do you remember the day when you plucked the white May- bough for me before the tournament at Rennes?” Bertrand remembered it, and by his face the memory brought him more bitterness than joy. “You were a child—then.” “A child, yes. I can see Robin now cantering his pony over the meadows. What a blessed boon it is that we mortals cannot foresee the future! The shame of this thing has broken my father’s heart.” She began to speak of the past, that past that made the present seem more unlivable and real. She was grateful to him, Bertrand
knew. But what was mere gratitude?—a cup of wine to a starving man. “Tiphaïne,” and the low pitch of his voice startled her, “I am thinking of that poor child’s grave among the beech-trees of Broceliande.” “Arletta?” “Yes. You remember the words you gave me then?” She looked at him steadily, with a transient quivering of her upper lip. “I remember those words. And—I am thinking they may be forgotten.” “They can never be forgotten.” “No?” “For they have made me something of which I am not ashamed.” His deep sadness puzzled her, for his eyes were like the eyes of a man who strives to be patient when suffering inward pain. The tragedy of the Aspen Tower had left its shadow on him, and yet it could not explain to her the overmastering melancholy that seemed to humble his whole heart. “I did my best to save the lad,” he said. “Can I doubt that? No, no, you kept your promises almost too well. If they had hanged you for a traitor I should not have had the heart to look the world in the face again.” “What would it have mattered?” and she saw that his bitterness was not assumed. “Mattered? To lose the bravest man in Brittany, at the end of a rope!” “Tiphaïne!” “Did I not dream as a child that Bertrand du Guesclin would do great things. And now this Bertrand du Guesclin is proving the wisdom of my dreams.” He looked at her so sadly, but with such an air of patient self- distrust, that it seemed that her praise was like wealth to a man dying of some inexorable disease. “I am glad that I kept my promise,” he began, “and that you can think well of a man who but a year ago was not worthy to touch
your hands.” “But now?” “Now—also”—and he spoke with a sense of effort—“I am glad— that you have chosen for yourself a man who in these rough times can give you honor and strength—things precious to a woman.” He made a brave uttering of these words, trying not to betray to her anything of the thoughts that were in his heart. There was a questioning wonder in Tiphaïne’s eyes. Only at that moment did she remember the part that the Sieur de Tinteniac had played. “Bertrand!” He looked at her sharply, for her voice had startled him. “I had forgotten that you had followed us from Josselin. You often watched us with Croquart—was that not so?” “Yes, I was always on the watch.” “And perhaps you were near enough to hear some chance words.” He flushed like an eavesdropper discovered in a seeming meanness. “I was near you—” he began, “because—” She broke in on him as though she had read his thoughts. “You believed that I was the Sieur de Tinteniac’s wife?” “I believed it.” “You believed that?” “What else could I believe?” “It was a mere pretence. Tinteniac knew too well what manner of man Croquart was.” She told him the whole truth, and Bertrand watched her even as he had watched when she had swept past Carro de Bodegat to set him free. The bonds then had been bonds upon the flesh. Now she was breaking the spiritual fetters that had been riveted so fast about his soul. “Tiphaïne, it is enough.” The simplicity of those few words showed her how deep a loyalty had suffered here in silence. Woman that she was, she realized the completeness of his self-abnegation, and honored him the more
because he had not grudged his faith to her when he had no hope of a reward. “Bertrand, come near to me. Do you believe that I have told you the whole truth?” He looked at her, silent yet very happy. “I believe whatever you may say to me.” “Blindly?” “No—not blindly.” “And why—not blindly?” “Because”—and his strong face warmed to her—“because I can swear you are what you seem to be. Because I know what I myself have been. Because I have learned what honor is, and to know the face that cannot give a lie.” “Then I am the same Tiphaïne who carried the white May-bough into Rennes?” “Need you ask that?” His faith was the more precious to her now that she knew what such a faith was worth. She turned aside, still holding the sword, and looked out over the meadows like one who wonders at the mystery of a moonlit sea. Some measure of awe had fallen on her in the presence of this silent and patient man who had learned to suffer—even to the death. “Bertrand,” she said, at last, “I have a great longing in me for La Bellière and for my home.” He bowed his head, watched her, and waited. “The Sieur de Tinteniac and these men will carry the news to Beaumanoir at Josselin. Is it your wish that I should go to Josselin with them?” “My wish?” “Yes. For it is your right to ask.” He drew a deep breath and gave her all his homage. “If I might take you to La Bellière—” “Bertrand!” “You can trust me?” “I trust you utterly,” she said.
XL At La Bellière an old man walked in the garden of the château, leaning on a servant’s arm and taking short turns to and fro on the stretch of grass bordering the fish-pond, where the sedges rustled and the yellow flags were raising their yellow banners above each clump of spears. The bloom was falling from the fruit trees, and lay turning brown upon the grass. In the wilder corners of the orchard the weeds and wild flowers stood knee-deep, the sunlight shimmering into the waste of green, and making each wild flower seem like a living gem, red, white, and azure, purple and gold. A dog wandered lazily at the old man’s heels, snapping now and again at an over-zealous fly or watching the blackbirds and mistlethrushes that were foraging for nestfuls of querulous children. Swallows skimmed the surface of the fish-pond, twittering, and touching the still water with their wings between the great green leaves of the water-lilies. It was Stephen Raguenel, who went slowly to and fro, leaning on the servant’s arm, his steps weak and hesitating, an expression of profound and patient melancholy upon his face. He stooped so much that he seemed to have lost three inches of his stature in a week. His eyes had lost their pointedness and their sparkle; they were fixed and vacant, the eyes of a man who is living largely in the past. From time to time the Vicomte would lift his head and look round him with the half-wistful wonder of a child. The second simplicity of life seemed to be taking possession of him, and the pride of the great seigneur had mellowed into the quiet gentleness of the old man. The servant, whose head was but a shade darker than his master’s, kept step with him, and did not speak except when spoken to. Nor was his respect a thing of the surface only. He had felt much
that the Vicomte himself had felt, and the shadow of humiliation fell also across his face. “Girard, good fellow, what day of the week is it?” “The third, sire.” “Ah, ah, and the swallows are here. It is hardly a year ago since we rode to join Madame the Countess in the south.” “Yes, sire, that is so.” And the servant, with the discretion of a good listener, contented himself with following where his master led. “How do the apricots look on the south wall, Girard—eh?” “They have been full of bloom, sire.” “Madame Tiphaïne is fond of the fruit. Let me see, Girard—how many leagues is it to Josselin from here?” Girard pretended to consider, though he was asked the same question twenty times a day. “Some seventeen leagues, I should say, sire, by Montcontour and Loudeac.” “And it was Thursday?” “A Thursday, sire, when madame set out.” The Vicomte had halted and appeared to be counting the ripples that a swallow’s wings had raised on the quiet waters of the pool. “Then I shall judge that they reached Josselin on the Sabbath, Girard—eh?” “I should judge so, sire.” “And to-day is Tuesday.” “To-day is Tuesday.” “Then on the morrow or the next day we should have good news?” “To-morrow or the next day, sire, we should have good news.” Stephen Raguenel turned away from the fish-pond with a quiet sigh. “That is well, that is well. I think I will rest, Girard, on the seat under the Pucelle de Saintongue. Thanks, my good fellow. There is no news to-day from the abbey of Lehon?” “No news, sire,” and Girard passed a nervous hand across his mouth. “Abbot Stephen has a good name in Dinan, Girard—eh?”
“A very good name, sire. The country people call him their ‘little father.’ ” “Their ‘little father’?” and the Vicomte folded his arms. “He will be a spiritual father to my son, my good Girard. Good luck to the lad. He was the only son I had.” It so happened that while Stephen Raguenel dozed in the sun on the bench under the pear-tree, Stephen, Abbot of Lehon, dealt with two shamefaced mortals who had begged an audience of him that very morning. They were none other than the two La Bellière men- servants who had shown such whole-hearted consideration for Croquart in refusing to hinder him in the capturing of the Sieur de Tinteniac and their lady. Honestly ashamed of the part they had played in the adventure, they had ridden back from Loudeac, only to find that they had not the courage to be the bearers of such news to their lord and master the Vicomte of La Bellière. Being sensible fellows, they had conceived the plan of shifting the responsibility upon the fatherly shoulders of the Abbot of Lehon. The Abbot did not thank them in the sincerity of his heart, but, being a conscientious priest, bemoaned the disaster and accepted the responsibility. He ordered the two men to be locked up safely in two vacant cells. The Vicomte had lost one child to the Church, and Abbot Stephen concluded that it would be courting a calamity to confess to him that his other child had been stolen by the “Flemish Devil.” Madame Tiphaïne and the Sieur de Tinteniac might be rescued by the Bretons under Messire Geoffroi Dubois, and the Abbot deemed it wise to temporize, in the hope of receiving better news. Unfortunately the good man’s discretion was nullified by the tongue of an irresponsible woman, and that woman Lisette, Tiphaïne’s bower wench whom the two men had left at Loudeac. A meddlesome but warm-hearted creature, she had made her way to Dinan by begging a place on the back of a pack-horse belonging to a merchant who was returning to that town after disposing of his goods at Loudeac. From Dinan she trudged to La Bellière, carrying her news like a piece of hot pudding on her tongue. To such a
woman it was easier to chatter than to think, and after such a journey it was imperative that she should create something of a sensation. She created it by falling in a faint at the Vicomte’s feet as the old man crossed the court-yard from the garden, leaning on Girard’s arm. The woman was a fool, and Girard, shrewd in his generation, suspecting that she was ready to shriek the news of some calamity into his master’s ears, promptly attempted to smother her indiscretion by whipping her gown up over her face. “Ah, the little fox! Pierre, Gilbert, carry the baggage into the kitchen and give her a cup of wine.” He was bending over Lisette and stuffing her gown into her mouth to prolong her fainting fit. Several men ran forward, pounced on her, and prepared to bundle her unceremoniously out of the Vicomte’s sight. “Who is it, Girard?” “No one, sire—only a silly chit who has walked too fast in the sun,” and his knuckles showed no consideration for the softness of Lisette’s lips. The men were lifting her from the flag-stones when she recovered her senses with true hysterical inopportuneness and began to claw at the dress Girard had turned up over her head. The old man saw a scream gathering in the bower woman’s bosom, and did his best to throttle it in her throat. “Fool! idiot! hold your tongue—” Lisette wriggled her hands free and clawed at Girard’s face. “Sire, sire—” “Devil take the cat!” The men showed her no great courtesy, but the gown fell away from her face in the scuffle. “Let me be, fools!” “Hold your tongue, you she-dog!” “Sire, sire, they are hiding the truth from you. It is Lisette, madame’s woman.” The Vicomte’s shadow fell across the flag-stones close to her. “Lisette!”
He had recognized the girl. Girard stood back and surrendered to the hysterical folly of a woman. “Let her be, men. Come, what has happened?” The dishevelled figure fell on its knees at the Vicomte’s feet. “Sire, sire, a great misfortune.” “Ah!” “Madame has been taken by Croquart the Fleming. It was on the road to Josselin.” And she gabbled all she knew, and straightway began to weep. Stephen Raguenel looked down at her mutely, very gently, yet with a peculiar quivering of the lips. There was nothing foolish in Lisette’s grief to him. The truth was too poignant to suffer him to feel the thoughtless egotism of the woman’s tears. “Girard.” The old man was at his side, looking questioningly into his master’s face. “Girard, help me to my room. I had rather have heard that she was dead.”
XLI Over golden moors and through winding woodways deep with the glamour of forests in green leaf, Bertrand and Tiphaïne rode homeward towards Dinan. Since there seemed something sacred in the days to them, they shunned the towns and villages, holding to the wilderness of the woods and moors, as though solitude and the silence thereof had a restfulness for either heart. For Bertrand that season of the world’s awakening had been a season of storm, of weary nights and troubled dawns. He had slain his own self, to find his manhood reincarnated in the second life that had risen for him like a gold cloud out of the east. He was as a man who had much to remember, and much more to foreshadow. The woods and moors had a sudden awe for him, an awe that played like sacred fire upon the solemn summits of the hills. As a man’s life is, so are his desires. In the making or the marring it is the genius of effort that sets the furnace glowing and strikes with the hammer upon the malleable metal of the soul. No man ever drifted into strength or dreamed into nobleness by lying on a bed with a wine-cup at his elbow. We gather life or lose it. God strikes no balance for us. We may labor blindly, but we must labor— to be men. As for Bertrand, he had grown young and old in the same breath —young in that he had won the brave ardor of his youth again; old, because he had taken the temper of the world, and learned to behold the conquering good even in the darkness of disloyalty and shame. He had come to true manhood by throwing that same manhood bound and broken at the feet of honor. He had won in thinking that he had lost, triumphed by believing that he could bear defeat.
Therefore he rode beside Tiphaïne, the Child of the White May Bough, the Enchantress of the Aspen Tower, looking upon the beauty of her womanhood without fear, yet with awe. Her face seemed to open the gates of heaven before his eyes. He was content to follow her, hoping that in due season he might hold her hand in his. The first night they lodged in a little inn upon the road. There was but one guest-chamber in the place, and Tiphaïne slept there, while Bertrand lay awake before the door. They passed the second night in an open wood, great pine-trees towering to the stars, Tiphaïne asleep on a bed of heather that Bertrand’s hands had gathered and spread. He stood on guard till the dawn came, feeling the dark, whispering wood like some solemn temple where he could keep vigil as a sacred right. Tiphaïne slept, even like a trusting child. Her great faith in him made Bertrand happy, happy as a man who has conquered fame. He saw the dawn come up, a stealing into the sky of vapors of crimson and of gold. He knew that that evening they would reach La Bellière. It was to be the last day of their pilgrimage together. The sunlight was slanting through the trees, warming the red trunks, when Tiphaïne awoke and saw Bertrand, motionless, a pillar of patience, leaning upon his sword. There was a faint glimmering of sunlight in the eyes that looked at him. Her hair bathed Tiphaïne’s face like some soft autumn color bathing the white face of an autumn flower. She left the bed of heather, and Bertrand heard the rustle of her footsteps in the grass. He turned, looking like one who has been watching the sunrise and finding the woods dark and mist-fogged after the brightness of the broadening east. Tiphaïne’s eyes had the strangeness of eyes that are half happy and half sad. “And I have let you watch all night!” He looked at her and smiled. “It has seemed short enough.” “Then Bertrand du Guesclin is never weary?” “I had my own thoughts. With some thoughts—a man is never tired.”
The secrets of the heart escape in the uttering of a few simple words. They stood looking at each other, each wishing to be compassionate yet honest. Tiphaïne’s eyes were the first to turn away. “We shall reach La Bellière to-night,” she said. “Yes, to-night.” “And I shall see my father.” Perhaps there was the slightest tremor of regret quivering in her thankfulness. Bertrand was watching Tiphaïne as a strong man watches the light or shadow in the eyes of one he loves. “Shall I be welcome at La Bellière?” “Welcome?” “You see, some men are remembered—with bitterness.” “You misjudge my father.” “No, but I feel for him.” “I know it.” She lifted her face to his with a brave quickening of her womanhood. Instinct told her all that was in Bertrand’s heart. His hands were opening and shutting upon the hilt of his sword. “A year ago you know what manner of man I was.” “I know what manner of man I honor now.” “You called me a worthless ruffian, and you were right.” “Forget the words.” “No, before God, no; they made me turn into a man.” “And you, Bertrand, have taught me many things in return.” It was as though she yielded, and yet did not yield. “Tiphaïne.” “We owe so much to you, we of La Bellière.” His hands swept out to her, letting the sword fall. “No, no, do not say that. Am I a man to trade upon my deeds?” “Bertrand!” “Forget them, for I should hate myself if you were to look on me as one who had plotted for your gratitude. Tiphaïne, I am just a man. I am thinking of you as the child who rescued me at Rennes.” His words moved her more deeply than he imagined. She looked into his swarthy and impassioned face, and felt his homage leap up
about her like sacred fire. “If I might speak it?” She faltered, and her cheeks were red, her eyes mysterious. “No, no, not now—” He went near to her, holding out his great, strong hands. “I am a rough, ignorant fool, but—before God—I know now how to give you homage.” “Bertrand, I know it—” “Well—” “Wait”—and she looked at him, and then at the hands he held to her—“I ask you to see the shadows that I see, the shadows that are darkening my own home.” “Shadows?” “Yes”—and her courage came to her—“I am thinking Bertrand, of my father, and of Robin hiding in the cloisters of Lehon.” He dropped his hands and drew back a step, not harshly or selfishly, but with the reverence of a man who could behold the same vision as her tenderness beheld. “Tiphaïne, I never had a home.” “No.” “They always hated me. And yet—” “And yet you feel what I feel, the sacredness that watches over home. Bertrand, there is my father; my heart goes out to him; I remember how he looked at me when I told him the truth of Robin’s shame.” His face was more tender towards her than before. “He loved the lad.” “And now he looks to me for all the love he lost at Mivoie. To- night he will kiss me and think me all his own.” There was no bitterness in Bertrand’s eyes. “You have a great heart in you.” “Bertrand, you understand?” “God bless you, yes.” She went to him suddenly and took his hands. “Patience.” And in her eyes he might have read the dawning truth.
XLII In the Abbot’s parlor at Lehon there was a window that looked out upon the abbey garden, with its sunny stretch of turf, broad beds of herbs and vegetables, its barrier of aspen-trees about the orchard, an orchard rich in Pucelle de Flanders, St. Reols, and Caillon pears, cherries, and quinces, and pearmain apples. At this same window stood the Abbot Stephen, and behind him, half in the shadow, a girl in a gray hood and cloak and a man in black and rusty harness. The window was shaded, moreover, by a swinging lattice and by the red flowers and green leaves of a climbing rose, whose tendrils wavered athwart the blue of the summer sky. Below, in the garden, between two broad bands of beans in flower, a young man in a russet-colored cassock was stooping over an onion-bed, holding a basket woven of osier twigs in one hand, while with the other he pulled up weeds. From time to time he stood up as though to stretch himself, or took to crawling between the rows, pushing the basket before him and throwing the weeds into it as he worked. The cowl of the cassock was turned back, leaving his head with its cropped hair bare to the sun. The man weeding the onion-bed was Robin Raguenel; those who watched him, Bertrand du Guesclin and Robin’s sister. The crawling figure, in its brown cassock, hardly suggested the young Breton noble who had ridden out to fight at Mivoie in all the splendor and opulence of arms. Robin had changed the sword for the hoe, the helmet for a basket of osiers. In lieu of cantering to the cry of trumpets over the Breton moors, he crawled across the cabbage and onion beds of the abbey of Lehon, the sun scorching his rough cassock, his nails rimmed with dirt, his sandalled feet brown with the warm earth of the garden. Here was a transfiguration that challenged the pride of the worldly-hearted. “Pax Dei.”
Abbot Stephen crossed himself, beholding in Tiphaïne’s eyes a certain unpleased pity, as though the crawling figure of her brother had made her set the past beside the present. Abbot Stephen looked at her steadily and smiled. “You are offended for your brother’s sake,” he said. Her eyes were on Robin, who had squatted on his heels to rest, and was staring vacantly into the basket half filled with weeds. “Offended, father?” “There is more wisdom, child, in this penance than the mere eye can see.” She still watched Robin, an expression of poignant pity upon her face. “The change is so sudden to me,” she said. Stephen of Lehon spread his hands with a gesture of fatherly assent. “And yet, my daughter, there is wisdom in this work of his. Your brother’s pride is in the dust, and in the dust man’s humbleness may find that subtle and mysterious seed that has its flowering when the heart is sad.” “It is difficult for me, father, not to grudge the past.” “Is there, then, no glory, child, save in the service of the sword?” He looked at her with an amiable austerity whose humaneness had not hardened into the mere dogmatism of the priest. Abbot Stephen still boasted the instinctive sympathy of youth. As for Tiphaïne, she glanced at Bertrand, who had drawn back into the room, arguing in her heart that it was better to fight God’s battle in the world than to dream dreams in a religious house. “Christ our Lord was but a carpenter.” And the Abbot crossed himself. “I remember it.” “In the simple things of life the heart finds comfort. A sinless working with the hands leads to a sinless working of the soul. It was the lad himself who prayed me to give him work to do.” She put her hands together as though in prayer. “My brother must know his own needs,” she said. “It is better to work than to sulk like a sick hawk upon a perch.”
“Child, that is the right spirit.” And he stood to bless her, with no complacent unction, but with heart of grace. For a while she looked at Robin kneeling on the naked earth, her silence seeming to confess that she was more content to leave him in the Church’s keeping. “I go now to La Bellière,” she said, quietly. “You have a double share, my child, to give and to receive.” “God grant that I may remember it,” and she turned to Bertrand with a stately lifting of the head. At La Bellière the sky was an open wealth of blue, the aspens all a-whisper. And yet, with summer reddening the lips of June, the sorrow of the place was still like the sighing of a wind through winter trees on a winter evening. Logs burned in the great fireplace of the solar. Stephen Raguenel, looking like some December saint, craved from the flames that warmth that life and the noon sun could not give. The turrets were casting long shadows towards the east when dust rose on the road from Dinan. A few peasants were running in advance of a knight and a lady who wound between the aspen-trees towards the towers and chimneys of La Bellière. Soon there came the sound of men shouting, the clatter of hoofs on the bridge before the gate. The starlings and jackdaws wheeled and chattered about the chimneys. It was as though the château had slept under some wizard’s spell, to awake suddenly at the sounding of a hero’s horn. Girard, discretion among the discreet, was craning out of a turret window, his face like a vociferous gargoyle spouting from a wall. He saw madame’s palfrey, the cloak with its crimson lining, and understood that Croquart had been cheated of a ransom. Girard ran down the tower stair two steps at a time, bruised his forehead—without swearing—against the cross-beam of a door, and reached the great court in time to see Tiphaïne and the man in the black harness ride in through the gate. “Assuredly this is God’s doing.” And Girard crossed himself before running forward to join his fellow-servants in frightening the starlings, who were unaccustomed to so much shouting.
“Madame, this is God’s doing.” He kissed the hem of her cloak, and was asked but a single question in return: “Girard, my father?” “Now that madame has come back to us my lord the Vicomte will most surely live.” She left the saddle and bade Bertrand follow her. But the man in the black harness held back, feeling that he was a stranger amid the curious and many faces that filled the court-yard of La Bellière. “Go,” he said to her. “I will wait my time.” “Perhaps it is better.” “Yes, that you should go to him alone.” Girard, sparkling like a well-polished flagon, and brimful of exultation, presented his homage to the gentleman on the black horse. All the La Bellière servants had been told the truth. Messire Bertrand du Guesclin could have commanded more devotion at that moment than Charles of Blois himself. “The grace of God to you, messire,” and Girard’s face carried more than a servile blessing. The men made the turrets ring. “God and St. Ives for the Eagle of Cancale!” They crowded round, each trying to hold his stirrup or bridle or to take his spear. Their enthusiasm grew bolder as the contact became more intimate. Two of the tallest men soon had Bertrand upon their shoulders, and carried him in triumph to the dais in the great hall. Girard’s bald pate glistened with obeisances. “Would my lord eat and drink?” Bertrand accepted the suggestion. He felt it embarrassing, this setting-up of him like an idol to be stared at unwinkingly by so many pairs of eyes. If the god ate, they would at least see that he was half-human like themselves. “My good-fellow, honest men are always thirsty.” And had it been possible they would have emptied a hogshead of Bordeaux down Bertrand’s throat by way of testifying their devotion.
Even the cook, gardeners, and dairy-women crowded “the screens” to catch a glimpse of Bertrand as he sat at the high table. They watched him eat and drink as though he were an ogre, whispering together, peeping over one another’s shoulders. Bertrand, who had none of the spirit of the mock hero, chafed under this flattering publicity, being in no humor to be gaped at like a black bear in a cage. “My good-fellow, do people ever eat here?” Girard flourished a napkin and looked puzzled. “Ah, messire—” “These friends of yours seem to grudge me my hunger by the way they push and stare.” Girard took the hint and closed the doors on the array of inquisitive faces. He returned and made his bow. “Messire du Guesclin must pardon the people. Messire du Guesclin is a great soldier and a hero.” “Nonsense, sir,” and Bertrand laughed half foolishly at Girard’s magniloquent respect. “Messire, you have a modest heart.” “Modest heart!—to the devil with you!” “And a courage that will not be flattered.” Bertrand picked up his wine-cup and held it towards Girard. “Enough, friend,” he said; “I am clumsy at catching compliments. Drink to all good Bretons. That will please me better.” And Girard drank, his eyes looking at Bertrand over the rim of the cup. It was then that the door leading to the stairway behind the dais opened, showing Tiphaïne in a green gown, a red girdle about her waist. “Bertrand.” He saw at once that she had been weeping, though her eyes shone like a clear sky after rain. “Come.” Bertrand followed her without a word. She climbed the stairs and halted on the threshold of the solar, her hand on the latch of the closed door.
“My father has asked for you.” The man before her appeared far more distrustful of himself than if he had been called to lead the forlornest of forlorn hopes. “You will find him changed.” “Am I to go alone?” “If you wish it.” Bertrand’s face betrayed his unwillingness. “I would rather—” “I came with you?” And she took his hand. Stephen Raguenel was sitting in his chair before the fire, with the look of a man exhausted by too sudden and great a joy. Tears were still shining on his cheeks. Bertrand felt more afraid of him than of a weeping girl. “Father, I have brought Bertrand to you.” The old man would have risen; his hands were already on the arms of his chair. Bertrand, a great rush of pity sweeping away his awkwardness, went to him and knelt like a stripling beside the Vicomte’s chair. “Sire—” Stephen Raguenel laid his hands upon Bertrand’s shoulders. His eyes had a blind and vacant look. It was the wreck of a face that Bertrand saw gazing into his. “It is you, Messire Bertrand du Guesclin?” “It is I, sire.” “We owe you much, my Tiphaïne and I.” “Sire, let us not speak of it,” and his mouth quivered, for he saw in the old man’s eyes the yearning of a father for his son. “No, messire, our honor is with us yet. We give you that gratitude of which God alone can know the depth. Child, is not that so?” Tiphaïne had slipped behind him, and stood leaning upon the carved back of the chair. Her hands rested on her father’s shoulders. He drew them down with his and looked up wistfully into her face. “Bertrand braved more than death for us,” she said. “For the lad Robin’s sake.” “Yes, for him.”
He lay back in his chair with his eyes closed, his breathing slow and regular like the breathing of one who sleeps. Bertrand had risen, and was leaning against the carved hood of the chimney. He remembered vividly that night, not many weeks, ago when the old man had gloried in the promise of his son. Tiphaïne’s hands were smoothing her father’s hair. The touch of those hands brought a smile to the old man’s face. He opened his eyes to look at her, and in that look the heart of the father seemed to drink in peace. Bertrand turned, and went stealthily towards the door. He opened it gently, and left them alone together.
XLIII Bertrand rode out hawking early on the forenoon of the third day at La Bellière, leaving Tiphaïne and her father seated together under the Vicomte’s favorite pear-tree in the orchard. He had chosen a gerfalcon in the La Bellière mews, and taken the path towards a marsh where there was a heron passage some three miles from the château. He rode alone, with the bird belled and hooded on his wrist, more intent, perhaps, in gaining solitude than on seeing the falcon make a flight. For the heart of a man in love is a world within itself, where the green pastures and deep woods are tinged with a melancholy like the perfume of wild thyme in the green deeps of June. But there was more than mere melancholy in Bertrand’s heart that morning, for the truth was plain to him as the blue sweep of the summer sky that the old man at La Bellière lived in the spirit on the eyes and lips of Tiphaïne, his child. The vision of yesterday shone ever before Bertrand’s mind, the vision of Stephen Raguenel’s face glowing with a reflected light, a light falling from Tiphaïne’s face, with its great eyes and splendid sheen of hair. Nor would Bertrand have grudged the old man this, or have reproached Tiphaïne for having a woman’s heart. Men look for piety in priests, patience in a philosopher, tenderness and loyalty in a daughter towards her sire. The true man desires to find a beautiful completeness in the creature of his heart’s creation. He would rather starve his own desires than see her fail in some sacred duty towards her soul. But the Vicomte had given Bertrand food for reflection that same morning, nor had the food seemed particularly sweet. “I am remembering, Messire Bertrand,” he had said, “that there are other hearts in Brittany more near of sympathy to you than ours. We must not keep you at La Bellière.”
A broad hint, forsooth, and Bertrand had read more in the old man’s restless eyes than the Vicomte’s tongue had suffered him to say. Half an hour’s talk with Tiphaïne at the open window! Stephen Raguenel had even grudged him that, and betrayed by a flash of senile peevishness that the younger man’s presence cast a shadow across the narrowing path of age. Human, most human, and yet there was something pitiful to Bertrand in the old man’s sensitiveness, his readiness to resent any sharing of Tiphaïne’s thoughts. No doubt she was all that was left to him, his pearl of great price, which he would suffer no other man to handle. In this life the services of a friend may be too soon forgotten when the clash of interests rouses the armed ego. Gratitude is the most volatile of all the sentiments. Return an old man his lost purse, and it is but natural that he should knit his brows when the self- same purse is coveted by the very mortal who returned it. Yet to one who has suffered in the cause of others a grudging and suspicious spirit is as a north wind in the midst of June. It was for this reason that Bertrand’s heart was bitter in him that morning, not because Tiphaïne loved her father, but because the old man grudged her even a friend. In the past the lord of La Bellière would have laughed at such a notion of tyranny. But sorrow and the slackening of the fibres of the heart can change the temper of the happiest mind. The forenoon had gone when Bertrand turned homeward to La Bellière without having so much as slipped the hood or jesses. Yet even though he had won nothing by the falcon’s talons, he had come by a decision to leave La Bellière on the morrow. Not in the best of tempers, he came suddenly upon two shabby- looking devils squatting side by side under a wayside cross. They were sharing half a brown loaf and a bottle of cider, the jaws of both munching energetically with that stolid emphasis that betrays the philosophic and worldly mendicant. A couple of rusty swords and bucklers lay on the grass at the men’s feet. One of the pair was leathery and tall; the other, buxom about the body, with a face that matched the frayed scarlet of his coat.
They sighted Bertrand, falcon on wrist, and stared at him casually as though considering whether he was a gentleman likely to disburse a coin. There was an abrupt slackening of the masticatory muscles. Two pairs of eyes were startled by the apparition. The lean man bolted a large mouthful of bread and started up with a shout that sent Bertrand’s horse swerving across the road. The loaf and the cider bottle were tossed upon the grass. “Soul of my grandmother, bully Hopart, but it’s the captain!” “Lording! lording!” “Devil’s luck, and I’m no sinner!” They made a rush across the grass, waving their caps and cutting grotesque capers. “Hopart! Guicheaux!” “The very dogs, messire.” “God save me, but this is gallant!” Bertrand’s face beamed like a great boy’s as he rolled out of the saddle almost into Guicheaux’s arms. Hopart and his brother bully sprang at him like a couple of barking and delirious dogs. So rough and strenuous were their methods of showing joy that a stranger might have taken them for a couple of footpads in the act of robbing a gentleman of his purse. “Captain, captain, I could hug the heart out of you.” “Goodman, Guicheaux. Give me a grip.” “A crack of the knuckle-bones. Sir, but you are still strong in the fist.” In the midst of all this loving turbulence the gyrfalcon on Bertrand’s wrist took to fluttering and screeching by way of protest, ruffled in feathers as well as temper. Bertrand disentangled himself, laughing and not a little out of breath. “Captain, we have been beating all the country this side of Loudeac.” “Good-fellows!” “And, lord, we have had our hands busy cramming lies back down these squeakers’ throats. Faugh! how some of these fat folk stink of the pit!” “So you have heard lies, eh?”
Hopart and Guicheaux exchanged glances. “Well, captain, there’s never a wind in seed-time but thistle- down’s a blowing. Certain lewd rogues had been puffing a tale of the fight at Mivoie.” “To be sure.” “What is more, captain, a harping devil made so bold as to blab of it at Cancale.” “To Sieur Robert, eh?” “Yes, and to madame.” “And it was believed?” Guicheaux screwed his hatchet face into a kind of knot. “Your pardon, captain, Madame Jeanne is a great lady.” “And has some spite against me. Well?” Guicheaux looked at Hopart; his comrade returned an eloquent grin. “Well, captain, we two took that harping devil and half drowned him in the ditch.” “You did?” “But madame had her weapons ready. Brother Hopart, be so good as to scratch my back.” The fat man pulled up the thin man’s shirt, and Guicheaux displayed a back still livid from the blows of a whip. “Madame knows how to argue, captain,” and he chuckled. “What, they whipped you?” “By the lord, they did that!” and Guicheaux proceeded to display in turn his comrade’s honorable scars. Bertrand looked at them, stubble-chinned rascals that they were, and felt a significant stiffening of the throat. It was no news to him that Dame Jeanne should have been ready to hear him slandered, but the loyalty of these rough dogs of war more than compensated for the smart. “Hopart, Guicheaux, answer me. It was told then to madame my mother that Bertrand du Guesclin had played the traitor?” They both stared at him and nodded. “She believed it?” Again the two heads bobbed acquiescence.
“And you?” “We, captain?” “Yes, you.” “Well,” and Guicheaux looked embarrassed—“well, Brother Hopart, what did we do?” “Kicked,” quoth the fat man, “and were royally toe-plugged for our pains.” Bertrand slipped the jesses and shook the falcon from his wrist. He opened his arms to the two men, and Messire Bertrand du Guesclin might have been seen embracing the two vagabonds like brothers. “Assuredly,” he said, “that harper friend of yours told lies.” “Captain!” “I fought at Mivoie, but not in my own arms.” “Captain! captain!” “All Brittany will soon know the truth.” “St. Ives du Guesclin!” And Guicheaux threw his cap into the air, sprang at Hopart, and smote him an open-handed smack across the chest. “Bully Hopart, bully Hopart, we must get drunk on this—or die!” And they gripped hands and danced round Bertrand like a couple of clowns at a fair.
XLIV While Hopart and Guicheaux discovered themselves in such excellent fettle over the recovery of their idol, no less a person than Madame Jeanne du Guesclin presented her husband’s pennon before the great gates of La Bellière. The disgrace at the Oak of Mivoie had sent Madame Jeanne upon a pilgrimage among her friends, for the news of Bertrand’s troth- breaking had challenged her pride, if it had not troubled her affection. Sieur Robert, a fat imbecile, had been left to gormandize at Cancale, while the wife, with sweet Olivier at her side, rode out to play the Roman mother. It was a necessary discretion that Bertrand should be sacrificed, nor did Madame Jeanne fail in the heroism of her indignation. Sumptuous in red gown, with streamers of gold at the elbows, a short “spencer” of blue cloth open at the hips, a hood of some amber-colored stuff with liripipia of green silk, Madame Jeanne rode her roan horse into the La Bellière court. Olivier, as flushed and splendid as his mother, straight-waisted, full and jagged in the sleeves, smiled at the wide welkin as though his motto were, “By God’s soul, I am the man.” Ten armed servants in red and green, a falconer, two huntsmen with four hounds in leash, followed hard at madame’s heels. Some people seem designed by nature for the more spacious ways of life, for terraces that touch the sunset, marble stairways, and chairs of gold. This largeness of presence was part of Jeanne du Guesclin’s birthright. Standing in the state solar of La Bellière, with one hand on Olivier’s shoulder, she dwarfed her slim fop of a son, whose mawkish look betrayed the oppression of a youth tired by indiscriminate motherly conceit. The window of the solar, with its scarlet cushions and carved pillars in the jambs, looked out upon the garden, where Madame
Jeanne could see the Vicomte asleep on the bench under the Pucelle de Saintonge. Half an hour had passed since Girard had bowed them into the state solar, and Madame Jeanne was not a lady who could wait in patience. She watched Stephen Raguenel with a slight twitching of her nostrils and the air of a grand seigneuress much upon her dignity. “It seems that they do things slowly at La Bellière.” Olivier yawned behind his hand. “The roads are devilish dry,” he remarked. “I should not quarrel with a cup of wine. The old gentleman there appears to have eaten a big dinner.” “The servants must be fools.” “Probably Madame Tiphaïne is looking out her very best gown.” And Olivier began to flick the dust from the embroidery and the slashed splendor of his côte hardie. Jeanne du Guesclin looked at him and smiled. “If Robin Raguenel is half as handsome—” “Pooh, mother!” “—as Messire Olivier.” “Confound my good looks,” and he pretended to appear modestly impatient. “How often are you talking to me as though I were a fool of a peacock?” “There, put your girdle straight, Olivier. If I have a handsome son, am I not allowed to use my eyes?” “I may be straighter in the legs than Bertrand,” and he gave a sharp and shallow laugh. “Bertrand, indeed! We shall soon have done with the worthless fool. My friends cannot say that I am prejudiced in the man’s favor, since I have been the first to tell many of them the truth.” “Poor fellow!” It was curious to watch Jeanne du Guesclin’s eyes change their expression—like water that seems hardened by the passing of a cloud. “Remember, you have taken Bertrand’s place,” she said. “Poor Bertrand!” and he showed his teeth; “if Beaumanoir catches him, he will most assuredly be hanged.”
“Let them hang the traitor. I can have no pity for a turncoat and a coward.” Tiphaïne was in her brother’s room, looking through the hundred and one things that had belonged to Robin: his whips and hunting- spears; the jesses, hoods, and gloves he had used in hawking; a few books; a great press full of perfumed clothes. On a peg by the window hung the surcoat that Bertrand had worn at Mivoie. The room was much as the lad had left it on the night of his flight to the abbey of Lehon. None of the servants had dared to touch the room. The care of all these treasures of a young man’s youth had been left to Tiphaïne like some sacred trust. It was in this room that Girard found her, kneeling before the great carved chest, her brother’s helmet in her lap. She was burnishing the armor that Robin should have worn at Mivoie, and whose sheen displayed the scars gotten from the English swords. The light from the window fell across her figure as she knelt, her hair aglow, her eyes deep with the pathos of the past. “Madame.” To Girard it seemed that she had been praying, and perhaps weeping, over her brother’s arms. His voice startled her, for she had not heard the opening of the door. “Girard?” The old man bowed to her as she rose with Robin’s helmet in her hands. “Pardon, madame, there are guests in the great solar.” “I heard the sound of trumpets, Girard, and thought that Messire Bertrand had returned.” “It is his mother, madame.” “Jeanne du Guesclin?” “And Messire Olivier with her.” Tiphaïne laid Robin’s helmet upon the bed, closed the great chest, and went to her own room, telling Girard not to wake the Vicomte. She changed her old gown for one of grass-green dusted with violets, fastened on a girdle of beaten silver and a brooch of lapis lazuli at her throat. Like Girard, she believed that Jeanne du
Guesclin had ridden to La Bellière with the news of Bertrand’s nobleness ringing like some old epic in her ears. The windows of the gallery that led from Tiphaïne’s room towards the chapel and the great solar looked out westward over the main court. The sun beat full upon these windows, and Tiphaïne, as she passed, had a blurred vision of Jeanne du Guesclin’s men, in their red jupons slashed with green, crowding round some of the La Bellière servants. They appeared to be arguing and chaffering over some piece of news. In fact, Madame Jeanne’s men were in the process of being enlightened as to that truth of which their mistress was most unmotherly in her ignorance. Tiphaïne loitered a moment at one of the windows. She had an instinctive antipathy for the haughty-mouthed lady of Motte Broon. The two strong natures were in contrast, and Tiphaïne was in no mood for uncovering her heart for the edification of this woman, whom she had distrusted ever since the days at Rennes. To Girard, Tiphaïne had given orders that the Vicomte was not to be disturbed, for she had taken the cares of the household on her own shoulders; nor was her father in a fit state to be afflicted with the irresponsible sympathy of inquisitive friends. The honor of the château was with Tiphaïne, and it was this same honor that brought Girard to the door of the state solar ten minutes after his mistress had entered. Girard’s fist was about to knock, when the pitch of the voices from within suggested suddenly that any intrusion would be indiscreet. Girard stood there stroking his chin and knowing not for the moment whether to enter or to retire. Tiphaïne was speaking, not loudly, but with that intensity of self-restraint that made each word ring like the clear stroke of a bell. Girard, who had known her since a child, and had grown familiar with every modulation of her voice, could see her, even though the door was shut. She would be standing at her full height, her head thrown back a little, her eyes looking straight at the face of the woman to whom she spoke. Soon a harsher, sharper voice broke in at intervals, questioning, criticising, snapping out short sentences with too evident a twinge of temper. Madame Jeanne had lost her haughty poise, and Girard,

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  • 6.
    Windows PowerShell Step byStep, Third Edition Ed Wilson
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    PUBLISHED BY Microsoft Press Adivision of Microsoft Corporation One Microsoft Way Redmond, Washington 98052-6399 Copyright © 2015 by Ed Wilson All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Control Number: 2014922916 ISBN: 978-0-7356-7511-7 Printed and bound in the United States of America. First Printing Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. If you need support related to this book, email Microsoft Press Support at [email protected]. Please tell us what you think of this book at http://aka.ms/tellpress. This book is provided “as-is” and expresses the author’s views and opinions. The views, opinions and information expressed in this book, including URL and other Internet website references, may change without notice. Some examples depicted herein are provided for illustration only and are fictitious. No real association or connection is intended or should be inferred. Microsoft and the trademarks listed at www.microsoft.com on the “Trademarks” webpage are trademarks of the Microsoft group of companies. All other marks are property of their respective owners. Acquisitions and Developmental Editor: Karen Szall Project Editor: Rosemary Caperton Editorial Production: Online Training Solutions, Inc. (OTSI) Technical Reviewer: Brian Wilhite; Technical Review services provided by
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    Content Master, amember of CM Group, Ltd. Copyeditor: Kathy Krause (OTSI) Indexer: Susie Carr (OTSI) Cover: Twist Creative • Seattle
  • 9.
    To Teresa: youmake life an adventure. —ED WILSON
  • 10.
    Contents at aglance Introduction CHAPTER 1 Overview of Windows PowerShell 5.0 CHAPTER 2 Using Windows PowerShell cmdlets CHAPTER 3 Understanding and using Windows PowerShell providers CHAPTER 4 Using Windows PowerShell remoting and jobs CHAPTER 5 Using Windows PowerShell scripts CHAPTER 6 Working with functions CHAPTER 7 Creating advanced functions and modules CHAPTER 8 Using the Windows PowerShell ISE CHAPTER 9 Working with Windows PowerShell profiles CHAPTER 10 Using WMI CHAPTER 11 Querying WMI CHAPTER 12 Remoting WMI CHAPTER 13 Calling WMI methods on WMI classes CHAPTER 14 Using the CIM cmdlets CHAPTER 15 Working with Active Directory CHAPTER 16 Working with the AD DS module CHAPTER 17 Deploying Active Directory by using Windows PowerShell CHAPTER 18 Debugging scripts CHAPTER 19 Handling errors CHAPTER 20 Using the Windows PowerShell workflow
  • 11.
    CHAPTER 21 ManagingWindows PowerShell DSC CHAPTER 22 Using the PowerShell Gallery Appendix A: Windows PowerShell scripting best practices Appendix B: Regular expressions quick reference Index
  • 12.
    Contents Introduction Chapter 1 Overviewof Windows PowerShell 5.0 Understanding Windows PowerShell Using cmdlets Installing Windows PowerShell Deploying Windows PowerShell to down-level operating systems Using command-line utilities Security issues with Windows PowerShell Controlling execution of Windows PowerShell cmdlets Confirming actions Suspending confirmation of cmdlets Working with Windows PowerShell Accessing Windows PowerShell Configuring the Windows PowerShell console Supplying options for cmdlets Working with the help options Exploring commands: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 1 quick reference Chapter 2 Using Windows PowerShell cmdlets Understanding the basics of cmdlets Using the Get-ChildItem cmdlet Obtaining a directory listing Formatting a directory listing by using the Format-List cmdlet Using the Format-Wide cmdlet Formatting a directory listing by using Format-Table
  • 13.
    Formatting output withOut-GridView Taking advantage of the power of Get-Command Searching for cmdlets by using wildcard characters Using the Get-Member cmdlet Using the Get-Member cmdlet to examine properties and methods Using the New-Object cmdlet Creating and using the wshShell object Using the Show-Command cmdlet Windows PowerShell cmdlet naming helps you learn Windows PowerShell verb grouping Windows PowerShell verb distribution Creating a Windows PowerShell profile Working with cmdlets: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 2 quick reference Chapter 3 Understanding and using Windows PowerShell providers Understanding Windows PowerShell providers Understanding the alias provider Understanding the certificate provider Understanding the environment provider Understanding the filesystem provider Understanding the function provider Using the registry provider to manage the Windows registry The two registry drives The short way to create a new registry key Dealing with a missing registry property Understanding the variable provider Exploring Windows PowerShell providers: Step-by-step exercises
  • 14.
    Chapter 3 quickreference Chapter 4 Using Windows PowerShell remoting and jobs Understanding Windows PowerShell remoting Classic remoting WinRM Using Windows PowerShell jobs Using Windows PowerShell remoting and jobs: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 4 quick reference Chapter 5 Using Windows PowerShell scripts Why write Windows PowerShell scripts? The fundamentals of scripting Running Windows PowerShell scripts Turning on Windows PowerShell scripting support Transitioning from command line to script Manually running Windows PowerShell scripts Understanding variables and constants Using the While statement Constructing the While statement in Windows PowerShell A practical example of using the While statement Using special features of Windows PowerShell Using the Do...While statement Using the range operator Operating over an array Casting to ASCII values Using the Do...Until statement Comparing the Windows PowerShell Do...Until statement with VBScript Using the Windows PowerShell Do statement
  • 15.
    The For statement Usingthe For statement Using the Foreach statement Exiting the Foreach statement early Using the If statement Using assignment and comparison operators Evaluating multiple conditions The Switch statement Using the Switch statement Controlling matching behavior Creating multiple folders: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 5 quick reference Chapter 6 Working with functions Understanding functions Using functions to provide ease of code reuse Including functions in the Windows PowerShell environment Using dot-sourcing Using dot-sourced functions Adding help for functions Using a here-string object for help Using two input parameters Using a type constraint in a function Using more than two input parameters Using functions to encapsulate business logic Using functions to provide ease of modification Understanding filters Creating a function: Step-by-step exercises
  • 16.
    Chapter 6 quickreference Chapter 7 Creating advanced functions and modules The [cmdletbinding] attribute Easy verbose messages Automatic parameter checks Adding support for the -WhatIf switch parameter Adding support for the -Confirm switch parameter Specifying the default parameter set The Parameter attribute The Mandatory parameter property The Position parameter property The ParameterSetName parameter property The ValueFromPipeline property The HelpMessage property Understanding modules Locating and loading modules Installing modules Creating a module Creating an advanced function and installing a module: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 7 quick reference Chapter 8 Using the Windows PowerShell ISE Running the Windows PowerShell ISE Navigating the Windows PowerShell ISE Working with the script pane Using tab expansion and IntelliSense Working with Windows PowerShell ISE snippets
  • 17.
    Using Windows PowerShellISE snippets to create code Creating new Windows PowerShell ISE snippets Removing user-defined Windows PowerShell ISE snippets Using the Commands add-on and snippets: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 8 quick reference Chapter 9 Working with Windows PowerShell profiles Six different Windows PowerShell profiles Understanding the six Windows PowerShell profiles Examining the $profile variable Determining whether a specific profile exists Creating a new profile Design considerations for profiles Using one or more profiles Using the All Users, All Hosts profile Using your own file Grouping similar functionality into a module Where to store the profile module Creating and adding functionality to a profile: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 9 quick reference Chapter 10 Using WMI Understanding the WMI model Working with objects and namespaces Listing WMI providers Working with WMI classes Querying WMI Obtaining service information: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 10 quick reference
  • 18.
    Chapter 11 QueryingWMI Alternate ways to connect to WMI Returning selective data from all instances Selecting multiple properties Choosing specific instances Using an operator Shortening the syntax Working with software: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 11 quick reference Chapter 12 Remoting WMI Using WMI against remote systems Supplying alternate credentials for the remote connection Using Windows PowerShell remoting to run WMI Using CIM classes to query WMI classes Working with remote results Reducing data via Windows PowerShell parameters Reducing data via WQL query Running WMI jobs Using Windows PowerShell remoting and WMI: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 12 quick reference Chapter 13 Calling WMI methods on WMI classes Using WMI cmdlets to execute instance methods Using the Terminate method directly Using the Invoke-WmiMethod cmdlet Using the [wmi] type accelerator Using WMI cmdlets to work with static methods Executing instance methods: Step-by-step exercises
  • 19.
    Chapter 13 quickreference Chapter 14 Using the CIM cmdlets Using the CIM cmdlets to explore WMI classes Using the Get-CimClass cmdlet and the -ClassName parameter Finding WMI class methods Filtering classes by qualifier Retrieving WMI instances Reducing returned properties and instances Cleaning up output from the command Working with associations Retrieving WMI instances: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 14 quick reference Chapter 15 Working with Active Directory Creating objects in Active Directory Creating an OU ADSI providers LDAP names Creating users What is user account control? Working with users Creating multiple OUs: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 15 quick reference Chapter 16 Working with the AD DS module Understanding the Active Directory module Installing the Active Directory module Getting started with the Active Directory module
  • 20.
    Using the ActiveDirectory module Finding the FSMO role holders Discovering Active Directory Renaming Active Directory sites Managing users Creating a user Finding and unlocking Active Directory user accounts Finding disabled users Finding unused user accounts Updating Active Directory objects: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 16 quick reference Chapter 17 Deploying Active Directory by using Windows PowerShell Using the Active Directory module to deploy a new forest Adding a new domain controller to an existing domain Adding a read-only domain controller Installing domain controller prerequisites and adding to a forest: Step-by- step exercises Chapter 17 quick reference Chapter 18 Debugging scripts Understanding debugging in Windows PowerShell Understanding the three different types of errors Using the Set-PSDebug cmdlet Tracing the script Stepping through the script Enabling strict mode Debugging the script Setting breakpoints
  • 21.
    Setting a breakpointon a line number Setting a breakpoint on a variable Setting a breakpoint on a command Responding to breakpoints Listing breakpoints Enabling and disabling breakpoints Deleting breakpoints Debugging a function: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 18 quick reference Chapter 19 Handling errors Handling missing parameters Creating a default value for a parameter Making the parameter mandatory Limiting choices Using PromptForChoice to limit selections Using Test-Connection to identify computer connectivity Using the -contains operator to examine the contents of an array Using the -contains operator to test for properties Handling missing rights Using an attempt-and-fail approach Checking for rights and exiting gracefully Handling missing WMI providers Handling incorrect data types Handling out-of-bounds errors Using a boundary-checking function Placing limits on the parameter Using Try...Catch...Finally
  • 22.
    Catching multiple errors UsingPromptForChoice to limit selections and using Try...Catch...Finally: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 19 quick reference Chapter 20 Using the Windows PowerShell workflow Why use workflows? Workflow requirements A simple workflow Parallel PowerShell Workflow activities Windows PowerShell cmdlets as activities Disallowed core cmdlets Non-automatic cmdlet activities Parallel activities Checkpointing Windows PowerShell workflow Understanding checkpoints Placing checkpoints Adding checkpoints Adding a sequence activity to a workflow Creating a workflow and adding checkpoints: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 20 quick reference Chapter 21 Managing Windows PowerShell DSC Understanding Desired State Configuration The DSC process Configuration parameters Setting dependencies Controlling configuration drift
  • 23.
    Modifying environment variables Creatinga DSC configuration and adding a dependency: Step-by-step exercises Chapter 21 quick reference Chapter 22 Using the PowerShell Gallery Exploring the PowerShell Gallery Configuring and using PowerShell Get Installing a module from the PowerShell Gallery Configuring trusted installation locations Uninstalling a module Searching for and installing modules from the PowerShell Gallery: Step-by- step exercises Chapter 22 quick reference Appendix A: Windows PowerShell scripting best practices Appendix B: Regular expressions quick reference Index About the author What do you think of this book? We want to hear from you! Microsoft is interested in hearing your feedback so we can improve our books and learning resources for you. To participate in a brief survey, please visit: http://aka.ms/tellpress
  • 24.
    Introduction Windows PowerShell isthe de facto management standard for Windows administrators. As part of the Microsoft Engineering Common Criteria, Windows PowerShell management hooks are built into all server-based products, including Microsoft SQL Server, Exchange, System Center, and SharePoint. Knowledge of, and even expertise in, this technology is no longer “nice to know”—it is essential, and it often appears as a required skill set in open job notices. Windows PowerShell Step by Step, Third Edition, offers a solid footing for the IT pro trying to come up to speed on this essential management technology. Who should read this book This book exists to help IT pros come up to speed quickly on the exciting Windows PowerShell 5.0 technology. Windows PowerShell Step by Step, Third Edition is specifically aimed at several audiences, including: Windows networking consultants Anyone who wants to standardize and to automate the installation and configuration of Microsoft .NET networking components. Windows network administrators Anyone who wants to automate the day-to-day management of Windows or .NET networks. Microsoft Certified Solutions Experts (MCSEs) and Microsoft Certified Trainers (MCTs) Windows PowerShell is a key component of many Microsoft courses and certification exams. General technical staff Anyone who wants to collect information or configure settings on Windows machines. Power users Anyone who wants to obtain maximum power and configurability of their Windows machines, either at home or in an unmanaged desktop workplace environment. Assumptions
  • 25.
    Assumptions This book expectsthat you are familiar with the Windows operating system; therefore, basic networking terms are not explained in detail. The book does not expect you to have any background in programming, development, or scripting. All elements related to these topics, as they arise, are fully explained. This book might not be for you if... Not every book is aimed at every possible audience. This is not a Windows PowerShell 5.0 reference book; therefore, extremely deep, esoteric topics are not covered. Although some advanced topics are covered, in general the discussion starts with beginner topics and proceeds through an intermediate depth. If you have never seen a computer and have no idea what a keyboard or a mouse is, this book definitely is not for you. Organization of this book This book can be divided into three parts. The first part explores the Windows PowerShell command line. The second discusses Windows PowerShell scripting. The third part covers more advanced Windows PowerShell techniques, in addition to the use of Windows PowerShell in various management scenarios. This three-part structure is somewhat artificial and is not actually delimitated by “part” pages, but it is a useful way to approach a rather long book. A better way to approach the book would be to think of it as a big sampler box of chocolates. Each chapter introduces new experiences, techniques, and skills. Though the book is not intended to be an advanced-level book on computer programming, it is intended to provide a foundation that you could use to progress to advanced levels of training if you find an area that you see as especially suited to your needs. So if you fall in love with Windows PowerShell Desired State Configuration, remember that Chapter 21, “Managing Windows PowerShell DSC,” is only a sample of what you can do with this technology. Indeed, some Windows PowerShell MVPs are almost completely focused on this one aspect of Windows PowerShell. Finding your best starting point in this book
  • 26.
    Finding your beststarting point in this book The different sections of Windows PowerShell Step by Step, Third Edition, cover a wide range of technologies. Depending on your needs and your existing understanding of Microsoft tools, you might want to focus on specific areas of the book. Use the following table to determine how best to proceed through the book. All of the book’s chapters include two hands-on labs that let you try out the concepts just learned. System requirements You will need the following hardware and software to complete the practice exercises in this book: Windows 10, Windows 7, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2008 R2, or Windows Server 2008 with Service Pack 2. Computer that has a 1.6 GHz or faster processor (2 GHz recommended) 1 GB (32-bit) or 2 GB (64-bit) RAM 3.5 GB of available hard disk space 5400 RPM hard disk drive DirectX 9 capable video card running at 1024 x 768 or higher-resolution display Internet connection to download software or chapter examples
  • 27.
    Depending on yourWindows configuration, you might require Local Administrator rights to run certain commands. Downloads: Scripts Most of the chapters in this book include exercises that let you interactively try out new material learned in the main text. All sample scripts can be downloaded from the following page: http://aka.ms/PS3E/files Follow the instructions to download the PS3E_675117_Scripts.zip file. Installing the scripts Follow these steps to install the scripts on your computer so that you can use them with the exercises in this book. 1. Unzip the PS3E_675117_Scripts.zip file that you downloaded from the book’s website. 2. If prompted, review the displayed end user license agreement. If you accept the terms, select the accept option, and then click Next. Using the scripts The folders created by unzipping the file are named for each chapter from the book that contains scripts. Acknowledgments
  • 28.
    Acknowledgments I’d like tothank the following people: my editors Kathy Krause and Jaime Odell from OTSI, for turning the book into something resembling English and steering me through the numerous Microsoft stylisms; my technical reviewer and good friend Brian Wilhite, Microsoft PFE, whose attention to detail kept me from looking foolish; Jason Walker from Microsoft Consulting Services, and Gary Siepser and Ashley McGlone, both from Microsoft PFE, who reviewed my outline and made numerous suggestions with regard to completeness. Lastly, I want to acknowledge my wife, Teresa Wilson, Windows PowerShell MVP (aka the Scripting Wife), who read every page and made numerous suggestions that will be of great benefit to beginning scripters. Errata, updates, & book support We’ve made every effort to ensure the accuracy of this book and its companion content. You can access updates to this book—in the form of a list of submitted errata and their related corrections—at: http://aka.ms/PS3E/errata If you discover an error that is not already listed, please submit it to us at the same page. If you need additional support, email Microsoft Press Book Support at: [email protected] Please note that product support for Microsoft software and hardware is not offered through the previous addresses. For help with Microsoft software or hardware, go to: http://support.microsoft.com Free ebooks from Microsoft Press From technical overviews to in-depth information on special topics, the free ebooks from Microsoft Press cover a wide range of topics. These ebooks are available in PDF, EPUB, and Mobi for Kindle formats, ready for you to download at:
  • 29.
    http://aka.ms/mspressfree Check back oftento see what is new! We want to hear from you At Microsoft Press, your satisfaction is our top priority, and your feedback our most valuable asset. Please tell us what you think of this book at: http://aka.ms/tellpress We know you’re busy, so we’ve kept it short with just a few questions. Your answers go directly to the editors at Microsoft Press. (No personal information will be requested.) Thanks in advance for your input! Stay in touch Let’s keep the conversation going! We’re on Twitter: http://twitter.com/MicrosoftPress.
  • 30.
    Chapter 1. Overviewof Windows PowerShell 5.0 After completing this chapter, you will be able to Understand the basic use and capabilities of Windows PowerShell. Install Windows PowerShell. Use basic command-line utilities inside Windows PowerShell. Use Windows PowerShell help. Run basic Windows PowerShell cmdlets. Get help on basic Windows PowerShell cmdlets. The release of Windows PowerShell 5.0 continues to offer real power to the Windows network administrator. Combining the power of a full-fledged scripting language with access to command-line utilities, Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI), and even Microsoft Visual Basic Scripting Edition (VBScript), Windows PowerShell provides real power and ease. The implementation of hundreds of cmdlets and advanced functions provides a rich ecosystem that makes sophisticated changes as simple as a single line of easy- to-read code. As part of the Microsoft Common Engineering Criteria, Windows PowerShell is the management solution for the Windows platform. Understanding Windows PowerShell Perhaps the biggest obstacle for a Windows network administrator in migrating to Windows PowerShell 5.0 is understanding what Windows PowerShell actually is. In some respects, it is a replacement for the venerable CMD (command) shell. In fact, on Windows Server–based computers running Server Core, it is possible to replace the CMD shell with Windows PowerShell so that when the server starts up, it uses Windows PowerShell as the interface. As shown here, after Windows PowerShell launches, you can use cd to change the working directory, and then use dir to produce a directory listing in exactly the same way you would perform these tasks from the CMD shell.
  • 31.
    PS C:WindowsSystem32> cd PSC:> dir Directory: C: Mode LastWriteTime Length Name ---- ------------- ------ ---- d----- 7/10/2015 7:07 PM FSO d----- 7/9/2015 5:24 AM PerfLogs d-r--- 7/9/2015 6:59 AM Program Files d-r--- 7/10/2015 7:27 PM Program Files (x86) d-r--- 7/10/2015 7:18 PM Users d----- 7/10/2015 6:00 PM Windows PS C:> You can also combine traditional CMD interpreter commands with other utilities, such as fsutil. This is shown here. PS C:> md c:test Directory: C: Mode LastWriteTime Length Name ---- ------------- ------ ---- d----- 7/11/2015 11:14 AM test PS C:> fsutil file createnew c:testmyfile.txt 1000 File c:testmyfile.txt is created PS C:> cd c:test PS C:test> dir Directory: C:test Mode LastWriteTime Length Name ---- ------------- ------ ---- -a---- 7/11/2015 11:14 AM 1000 myfile.txt PS C:test> The preceding two examples show Windows PowerShell being used in an interactive manner. Interactivity is one of the primary features of Windows PowerShell, and you can begin to use Windows PowerShell interactively by
  • 32.
    opening a WindowsPowerShell prompt and entering commands. You can enter the commands one at a time, or you can group them together like a batch file. I will discuss this later because you will need more information to understand it. Using cmdlets In addition to using Windows console applications and built-in commands, you can also use the cmdlets (pronounced commandlets) that are built into Windows PowerShell. Cmdlets can be created by anyone. The Windows PowerShell team creates the core cmdlets, but many other teams at Microsoft were involved in creating the hundreds of cmdlets that were included with Windows 10. They are like executable programs, but they take advantage of the facilities built into Windows PowerShell, and therefore are easy to write. They are not scripts, which are uncompiled code, because they are built using the services of a special Microsoft .NET Framework namespace. Windows PowerShell 5.0 comes with about 1,300 cmdlets on Windows 10, and as additional features and roles are added, so are additional cmdlets. These cmdlets are designed to assist the network administrator or consultant to take advantage of the power of Windows PowerShell without having to learn a scripting language. One of the strengths of Windows PowerShell is that cmdlets use a standard naming convention that follows a verb-noun pattern, such as Get-Help, Get-EventLog, or Get-Process. The cmdlets that use the get verb display information about the item on the right side of the dash. The cmdlets that use the set verb modify or set information about the item on the right side of the dash. An example of a cmdlet that uses the set verb is Set-Service, which can be used to change the start mode of a service. All cmdlets use one of the standard verbs. To find all of the standard verbs, you can use the Get-Verb cmdlet. In Windows PowerShell 5.0, there are nearly 100 approved verbs. Installing Windows PowerShell
  • 33.
    Installing Windows PowerShell WindowsPowerShell 5.0 comes with Windows 10 Client. You can download the Windows Management Framework 5.0 package, which contains updated versions of Windows Remote Management (WinRM), WMI, and Windows PowerShell 5.0, from the Microsoft Download Center. Because Windows 10 comes with Windows PowerShell 5.0, there is no Windows Management Framework 5.0 package available for download—it is not needed. In order to install Windows Management Framework 5.0 on Windows 7, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Server 2012, and Windows Server 2012 R2, they all must be running the .NET Framework 4.5. Deploying Windows PowerShell to down-level operating systems After Windows PowerShell is downloaded from http://www.microsoft.com/downloads, you can deploy it to your enterprise by using any of the standard methods. Here are few of the methods that you can use to accomplish Windows PowerShell deployment: Create a Microsoft Systems Center Configuration Manager package and advertise it to the appropriate organizational unit (OU) or collection. Create a Group Policy Object (GPO) in Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) and link it to the appropriate OU. Approve the update in Software Update Services (SUS), when available. Add the Windows Management Framework 5.0 packages to a central file share or webpage for self-service. If you are not deploying to an entire enterprise, perhaps the easiest way to install Windows PowerShell is to download the package and step through the wizard.
  • 34.
    Note To use acommand-line utility in Windows PowerShell, launch Windows PowerShell by choosing Start | Run | PowerShell. At the Windows PowerShell prompt, enter in the command to run. Using command-line utilities As mentioned earlier, command-line utilities can be used directly within Windows PowerShell. The advantages of using command-line utilities in Windows PowerShell, as opposed to simply running them in the CMD interpreter, are the Windows PowerShell pipelining and formatting features. Additionally, if you have batch files or CMD files that already use existing command-line utilities, you can easily modify them to run within the Windows PowerShell environment. The following procedure illustrates adding ipconfig commands to a text file. Running ipconfig commands 1. Start Windows PowerShell by choosing Start | Run | PowerShell. The Windows PowerShell prompt opens by default at the root of your user folder—for example, C:UsersEd. 2. Enter the command ipconfig /all. This is shown here. PS C:> ipconfig /all 3. Pipeline the result of ipconfig /all to a text file. This is illustrated here. PS C:> ipconfig /all >ipconfig.txt 4. Open Notepad to view the contents of the text file, as follows. PS C:> notepad ipconfig.txt Entering a single command into Windows PowerShell is useful, but at times you might need more than one command to provide troubleshooting information or configuration details to assist with setup issues or performance
  • 35.
    problems. This iswhere Windows PowerShell really shines. In the past, you would have either had to write a batch file or enter the commands manually. This is shown in the TroubleShoot.bat script that follows. TroubleShoot.bat ipconfig /all >C:tshoot.txt route print >>C:tshoot.txt hostname >>C:tshoot.txt net statistics workstation >>C:tshoot.txt Of course, if you entered the commands manually, you had to wait for each command to complete before entering the subsequent command. In that case, it was always possible to lose your place in the command sequence, or to have to wait for the result of each command. Windows PowerShell eliminates this problem. You can now enter multiple commands on a single line, and then leave the computer or perform other tasks while the computer produces the output. No batch file needs to be written to achieve this capability. Tip Use multiple commands on a single Windows PowerShell line. Enter each complete command, and then use a semicolon to separate the commands. The following exercise describes how to run multiple commands. Running multiple commands 1. Open Windows PowerShell by choosing Start | Run | PowerShell. The Windows PowerShell prompt opens by default at the root of your user folder. 2. Enter the ipconfig /all command. Pipeline the output to a text file called Tshoot.txt by using the redirection arrow (>). This is the result. ipconfig /all >tshoot.txt 3. On the same line, use a semicolon to separate the ipconfig /all command
  • 36.
    from the routeprint command. Append the output from the command to a text file called Tshoot.txt by using the redirect-and-append arrow (>>). Here is the command so far. ipconfig /all >tshoot.txt; route print >>tshoot.txt 4. On the same line, use a semicolon to separate the route print command from the hostname command. Append the output from the command to a text file called Tshoot.txt by using the redirect-and-append arrow. The command up to this point is shown here. ipconfig /all >tshoot.txt; route print >>tshoot.txt; hostname >>tshoot .txt 5. On the same line, use a semicolon to separate the hostname command from the net statistics workstation command. Append the output from the command to a text file called Tshoot.txt by using the redirect-and-append arrow. The completed command looks like the following. ipconfig /all >tshoot.txt; route print >>tshoot.txt; hostname >>tshoot .txt; net statistics workstation >>tshoot.txt Security issues with Windows PowerShell As with any tool as versatile as Windows PowerShell, there are bound to be some security concerns. Security, however, was one of the design goals in the development of Windows PowerShell. When you launch Windows PowerShell, it opens in the root of your user folder; this ensures that you are in a directory where you will have permission to perform certain actions and activities. This is far safer than opening at the root of the drive, or even opening in system root. The running of scripts is disabled by default and can be easily managed through Group Policy. It can also be managed on a per-user or per-session basis. Controlling execution of Windows PowerShell
  • 37.
    Controlling execution ofWindows PowerShell cmdlets Have you ever opened a CMD interpreter prompt, entered a command, and pressed Enter so that you could find out what it does? What if that command happened to be Format C:? Are you sure you want to format your C drive? This section covers some parameters that can be supplied to cmdlets that allow you to control the way they execute. Although not all cmdlets support these parameters, most of those included with Windows PowerShell do. The three switch parameters you can use to control execution are -WhatIf, -Confirm, and suspend. Suspend is not really a switch parameter that is supplied to a cmdlet, but rather is an action you can take at a confirmation prompt, and is therefore another method of controlling execution. Note To use -WhatIf at a Windows PowerShell prompt, enter the cmdlet. Type the -WhatIf switch parameter after the cmdlet. This only works for cmdlets that change system state. Therefore, there is no -WhatIf parameter for cmdlets like Get-Process that only display information. Windows PowerShell cmdlets that change system state (such as Set-Service) support a prototype mode that you can enter by using the -WhatIf switch parameter. The developer decides to implement -WhatIf when developing the cmdlet; however, the Windows PowerShell team recommends that developers implement -WhatIf. The use of the -WhatIf switch parameter is shown in the following procedure. Using -WhatIf to prototype a command 1. Open Windows PowerShell by choosing Start | Run | PowerShell. The Windows PowerShell prompt opens by default at the root of your user folder.
  • 38.
    2. Start aninstance of Notepad.exe. Do this by entering notepad and pressing the Enter key. This is shown here. notepad 3. Identify the Notepad process you just started by using the Get-Process cmdlet. Type enough of the process name to identify it, and then use a wildcard asterisk (*) to avoid typing the entire name of the process, as follows. Get-Process note* 4. Examine the output from the Get-Process cmdlet, and identify the process ID. The output on my machine is shown here. Note that, in all likelihood, the process ID used by your instance of Notepad.exe will be different from the one on my machine. Handles NPM(K) PM(K) WS(K) VM(M) CPU(s) Id ProcessName ------- ------ ----- ----- ----- ------ -- ----------- 114 8 1544 8712 ...54 0.00 3756 notepad 5. Use -WhatIf to find out what would happen if you used Stop-Process to stop the process ID you obtained in step 4. This process ID is found under the Id column in your output. Use the -Id parameter to identify the Notepad.exe process. The command is as follows. Stop-Process -id 3756 -whatif 6. Examine the output from the command. It tells you that the command will stop the Notepad process with the process ID that you used in your command. What if: Performing the operation "Stop-Process" on target "notepad (3756)". Confirming actions As described in the previous section, you can use -WhatIf to prototype a cmdlet in Windows PowerShell. This is useful for finding out what a cmdlet would do; however, if you want to be prompted before the execution of the cmdlet, you can use the -Confirm parameter.
  • 39.
    Confirming the executionof cmdlets 1. Open Windows PowerShell, start an instance of Notepad.exe, identify the process, and examine the output, just as in steps 1 through 4 in the previous exercise. 2. Use the -Confirm parameter to force a prompt when using the Stop- Process cmdlet to stop the Notepad process identified by the Get-Process note* command. This is shown here. Stop-Process -id 3756 -confirm The Stop-Process cmdlet, when used with the -Confirm parameter, displays the following confirmation prompt. Confirm Are you sure you want to perform this action? Performing operation "Stop-Process" on Target "notepad (3756)". [Y] Yes [A] Yes to All [N] No [L] No to All [S] Suspend [?] Help (default is "Y"): 3. Enter y and press Enter. The Notepad.exe process ends. The Windows PowerShell prompt returns to the default, ready for new commands, as shown here. PS C:> Tip To suspend cmdlet confirmation, at the confirmation prompt from the cmdlet, enter s and press Enter. Suspending confirmation of cmdlets
  • 40.
    Suspending confirmation ofcmdlets The ability to prompt for confirmation of the execution of a cmdlet is extremely useful and at times might be vital to assisting in maintaining a high level of system uptime. There might be times when you enter a long command and then remember that you need to check on something else first. For example, you might be in the middle of stopping a number of processes, but you need to view details on the processes to ensure that you do not stop the wrong one. For such eventualities, you can tell the confirmation that you would like to suspend execution of the command. Suspending execution of a cmdlet 1. Open Windows PowerShell, start an instance of Notepad.exe, identify the process, and examine the output, just as in steps 1 through 4 in the “Using -WhatIf to prototype a command” exercise. The output on my machine is shown following. Note that in all likelihood, the process ID used by your instance of Notepad.exe will be different from the one on my machine. Handles NPM(K) PM(K) WS(K) VM(M) CPU(s) Id ProcessName ------- ------ ----- ----- ----- ------ -- ----------- 39 2 944 400 29 0.05 3576 notepad 2. Use the -Confirm parameter to force a prompt when using the Stop- Process cmdlet to stop the Notepad process identified by the Get-Process note* command. This is illustrated here. Stop-Process -id 3576 -confirm The Stop-Process cmdlet, when used with the -Confirm parameter, displays the following confirmation prompt. Confirm Are you sure you want to perform this action? Performing operation "Stop-Process" on Target "notepad (3576)". [Y] Yes [A] Yes to All [N] No [L] No to All [S] Suspend [?] Help (default is "Y"): 3. To suspend execution of the Stop-Process cmdlet, enter s. and then a double-arrow prompt appears, as follows. PS C:>>
  • 41.
    4. Use theGet-Process cmdlet to obtain a list of all the running processes that begin with the letter n. The syntax is as follows. Get-Process n* On my machine, two processes appear, the Notepad process I launched earlier and another process. This is shown here. Handles NPM(K) PM(K) WS(K) VM(M) CPU(s) Id ProcessName ------- ------ ----- ----- ----- ------ -- ----------- 269 168 4076 2332 ...98 0.19 1632 NisSrv 114 8 1536 8732 ...54 0.02 3576 notepad 5. Return to the previous confirmation prompt by entering exit. Again, the confirmation prompt appears as follows. Confirm Are you sure you want to perform this action? Performing operation "Stop-Process" on Target "notepad (3576)". [Y] Yes [A] Yes to All [N] No [L] No to All [S] Suspend [?] Help (default is "Y"): 6. Enter y and press Enter to stop the Notepad process. There is no further confirmation. The prompt now displays the default Windows PowerShell prompt, as shown here. PS C:> Working with Windows PowerShell This section goes into detail about how to access Windows PowerShell and configure the Windows PowerShell console. Accessing Windows PowerShell
  • 42.
    Accessing Windows PowerShell AfterWindows PowerShell is installed on a down-level system, it becomes available for immediate use. However, pressing the Windows logo key on the keyboard and pressing R to bring up a run dialog box—or using the mouse to choose Start | Run | PowerShell all the time—will become time-consuming and tedious. (This is not quite as big a problem on Windows 10, where you can just enter PowerShell on the Start screen.) On Windows 10, I pin both Windows PowerShell and the Windows PowerShell ISE to both the Start screen and the taskbar. On Windows Server 2012 R2 running Server Core, I replace the CMD prompt with the Windows PowerShell console. For me and the way I work, this is ideal, so I wrote a script to do it. This script can be called through a log-on script to automatically deploy the shortcut on the desktop. On Windows 10, the script adds both the Windows PowerShell ISE and the Windows PowerShell console to both the Start screen and the taskbar. On Windows 7, it adds both to the taskbar and to the Start menu. The script only works for US English– language operating systems. To make it work in other languages, change the value of $pinToStart and $pinToTaskBar to the equivalent values in the target language. Note Using Windows PowerShell scripts is covered in Chapter 5, “Using Windows PowerShell scripts.” See that chapter for information about how the script works and how to actually run the script. The script is called PinToStart.ps1, and is as follows. PinToStart.ps1 $pinToStart = "Pin to Start" $file = @((Join-Path -Path $PSHOME -childpath "PowerShell.exe"), (Join-Path -Path $PSHOME -childpath "powershell_ise.exe") ) Foreach($f in $file) {$path = Split-Path $f $shell=New-Object -com "Shell.Application" $folder=$shell.Namespace($path)
  • 43.
    $item = $folder.parsename((Split-Path$f -leaf)) $verbs = $item.verbs() foreach($v in $verbs) {if($v.Name.Replace("&","") -match $pinToStart){$v.DoIt()}} Configuring the Windows PowerShell console Many items can be configured for Windows PowerShell. These items can be stored in a PSConsole file. To export the console configuration file, use the Export-Console cmdlet, as shown here. PS C:> Export-Console myconsole The PSConsole file is saved in the current directory by default and has an extension of .psc1. The PSConsole file is saved in XML format. A generic console file is shown here. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <PSConsoleFile ConsoleSchemaVersion="1.0"> <PSVersion>5.0.10224.0</PSVersion> <PSSnapIns /> </PSConsoleFile> Controlling Windows PowerShell launch options 1. Launch Windows PowerShell without the banner by using the -NoLogo argument. This is shown here. PowerShell -nologo 2. Launch a specific version of Windows PowerShell by using the -Version argument. This is shown here. PowerShell -version 3 3. Launch Windows PowerShell using a specific configuration file by specifying the -PSConsoleFile argument, as follows. PowerShell -psconsolefile myconsole.psc1 4. Launch Windows PowerShell, execute a specific command, and then exit by using the -Command argument. The command itself must be prefixed by an ampersand (&) and enclosed in braces. This is shown here. Powershell -command "& {Get-Process}"
  • 44.
    Supplying options forcmdlets One of the useful features of Windows PowerShell is the standardization of the syntax in working with cmdlets. This vastly simplifies the learning of Windows PowerShell and language constructs. Table 1-1 lists the common parameters. Keep in mind that some cmdlets cannot implement some of these parameters. However, if these parameters are used, they will be interpreted in the same manner for all cmdlets, because the Windows PowerShell engine itself interprets the parameters. TABLE 1-1 Common parameters Note To get help on any cmdlet, use the Get-Help <cmdletname> cmdlet. For example, use Get-Help Get-Process to obtain help with using the Get- Process cmdlet. Working with the help options One of the first commands to run when you are opening Windows PowerShell for the first time is the Update-Help cmdlet. This is because Windows PowerShell does not include help files with the product, as of Windows PowerShell version 3. This does not mean that no help presents itself—it does mean that help beyond simple syntax display requires an additional download. A default installation of Windows PowerShell 5.0 contains numerous modules that vary from installation to installation, depending upon the operating system
  • 45.
    features and rolesselected. In fact, Windows PowerShell 5.0 installed on Windows 7 workstations contains far fewer modules and cmdlets than are available on a similar Windows 10 workstation. This does not mean that all is chaos, however, because the essential Windows PowerShell cmdlets—the core cmdlets—remain unchanged from installation to installation. The difference between installations is because additional features and roles often install additional Windows PowerShell modules and cmdlets. The modular nature of Windows PowerShell requires additional consideration when you are updating help. Simply running Update-Help does not update all of the modules loaded on a particular system. In fact, some modules might not support updatable help at all—these generate an error when you attempt to update help. The easiest way to ensure that you update all possible help is to use both the -Module parameter and the -Force switch parameter. The command to update help for all installed modules (those that support updatable help) is shown here. Update-Help -Module * -Force The result of running the Update-Help cmdlet on a typical Windows 10 client system is shown in Figure 1-1.
  • 46.
    FIGURE 1-1 Errorsappear when you attempt to update help files that do not support updatable help. One way to update help and not receive a screen full of error messages is to run the Update-Help cmdlet and suppress the errors altogether. This technique is shown here. Update-Help -Module * -Force -ea 0 The problem with this approach is that you can never be certain that you have actually received updated help for everything you wanted to update. A better approach is to hide the errors during the update process, but also to display errors after the update completes. The advantage to this approach is the ability to display cleaner errors. The UpdateHelpTrackErrors.ps1 script illustrates this technique. The first thing the UpdateHelpTrackErrors.ps1 script does is empty the error stack by calling the clear method. Next, it calls the Update-Help module with both the -Module parameter and the -Force switch parameter. In addition, it uses the -ErrorAction parameter (ea is an alias for this parameter) with a value of 0 (zero). A 0 value means that errors will not be displayed when the command runs. The script concludes by using a For loop to walk through the errors and by displaying the error exceptions. The complete
  • 47.
    UpdateHelpTrackErrors.ps1 script isshown here. UpdateHelpTrackErrors.ps1 $error.Clear() Update-Help -Module * -Force -ea 0 For ($i = 0 ; $i -lt $error.Count ; $i ++) { "`nerror $i" ; $error[$i].exception } Note For information about writing Windows PowerShell scripts and about using the For loop, see Chapter 5. When the UpdateHelpTrackErrors script runs, a progress bar is shown, indicating the progress as the updatable help files update. When the script is finished, any errors appear in order. The script and associated errors are shown in Figure 1-2. FIGURE 1-2 Cleaner error output from updatable help is generated by the UpdateHelpTrackErrors script. You can also determine which modules receive updated help by running the
  • 48.
    Update-Help cmdlet withthe -Verbose switch parameter. Unfortunately, when you do this, the output scrolls by so fast that it is hard to see what has actually updated. To solve this problem, redirect the verbose output to a text file. In the command that follows, all modules attempt to update help. The verbose messages redirect to a text file named updatedhelp.txt in a folder named fso off the root. Update-Help -module * -force -verbose 4>>c:fsoupdatedhelp.txt Windows PowerShell has a high level of discoverability; that is, to learn how to use Windows PowerShell, you can simply use Windows PowerShell. Online help serves an important role in assisting in this discoverability. The help system in Windows PowerShell can be entered by several methods. To learn about using Windows PowerShell, use the Get-Help cmdlet as follows. Get-Help Get-Help This command prints out help about the Get-Help cmdlet. The output from this cmdlet is illustrated here: NAME Get-Help SYNOPSIS Displays information about Windows PowerShell commands and concepts. SYNTAX Get-Help [[-Name] <String>] [-Category <String[]>] [-Component <String[]>] [-Full] [-Functionality <String[]>] [-Path <String>] [-Role <String[]>] [<CommonParameters>] Get-Help [[-Name] <String>] [-Category <String[]>] [-Component <String[]>] [-Functionality <String[]>] [-Path <String>] [-Role <String[]>] - Detailed [<CommonParameters>] Get-Help [[-Name] <String>] [-Category <String[]>] [-Component <String[]>] [-Functionality <String[]>] [-Path <String>] [-Role <String[]>] - Examples [<CommonParameters>] Get-Help [[-Name] <String>] [-Category <String[]>] [-Component
  • 49.
    <String[]>] [-Functionality <String[]>] [-Path<String>] [-Role <String[]>] - Online [<CommonParameters>] Get-Help [[-Name] <String>] [-Category <String[]>] [-Component <String[]>] [-Functionality <String[]>] [-Path <String>] [-Role <String[]>] - Parameter <String> [<CommonParameters>] Get-Help [[-Name] <String>] [-Category <String[]>] [-Component <String[]>] [-Functionality <String[]>] [-Path <String>] [-Role <String[]>] - ShowWindow [<CommonParameters>] DESCRIPTION The Get-Help cmdlet displays information about Windows PowerShell concepts and commands, including cmdlets, functions, CIM commands, workflows, providers, aliases and scripts. To get help for a Windows PowerShell command, type "Get-Help" followed by the command name, such as: Get-Help Get-Process. To get a list of all help topics on your system, type: Get-Help *. You can display the entire help topic or use the parameters of the Get-Help cmdlet to get selected parts of the topic, such as the syntax, parameters, or examples. Conceptual help topics in Windows PowerShell begin with "about_", such as "about_Comparison_Operators". To see all "about_" topics, type: Get- Help about_*. To see a particular topic, type: Get-Help about_<topic-name>, such as Get-Help about_Comparison_Operators. To get help for a Windows PowerShell provider, type "Get-Help" followed by the provider name. For example, to get help for the Certificate provider, type: Get-Help Certificate. In addition to "Get-Help", you can also type "help" or "man", which displays one screen of text at a time, or "<cmdlet-name> -?", which is identical to Get-Help but works only for commands.
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    Random documents withunrelated content Scribd suggests to you:
  • 51.
    “Then the deceitwas the braver in its thoroughness. Know, gentlemen, and Bretons—all, that it was Bertrand du Guesclin who fought in my brother’s stead!” Her words fell like stones into a pool, making the waters swing into merging circles that spread and melted into a vague suggestion of unrest. “Messires,” and she looked round at the listening faces with a brave lifting of the head, “I loved my brother, and I was afraid, for he was young and not stiffened into manhood when the news came of the gathering at Mivoie. It was then that Bertrand lodged at La Bellière with us a night, and since he was my friend I gave my brother to him with these words: ‘Look to the lad, because I love him, and because he is our father’s only son.’ Little did I think that Bertrand du Guesclin would set so great a price upon my words, and bear the shame to save a coward.” She ceased, and looked round her at the faces of those who listened. Only on Carro de Bodegat’s face did she find the unhallowed glimmer of a prurient sneer. “If this is the truth—” It was Dubois, the Breton bear, who came forward several paces from where he stood. “It is the truth. Ask the Sire de Tinteniac, ask Robin Raguenel, for you will find him among the monks of the abbey of Lehon. Shame drove my brother there when he could no longer bear the burden of a lie.” Not a man doubted her in the sincerity of his heart. Carro de Bodegat alone remained grudging and ungenerous to the end. “Madame, we have yet to hear the meaning of this man’s hiding at Pontivy.” “This man—indeed!” and she let her scorn flash out at him. “Come, Messire Carro de Bodegat, I will ask you a question in return. Who was it killed Croquart and his three men single-handed when you were hunting them with fifty Bretons at your back?” The laugh was against De Bodegat. The rest had drawn aside from him. He stood alone, and would not suffer his jealousy to be convinced.
  • 52.
    “Madame, you havenot answered me.” “I have no wish to answer you, messire. Bertrand, who is no traitor, will answer for himself.” The Bretons cheered her. De Bodegat, remembering Croquart’s mangled neck, looked sullenly at Bertrand and said nothing. The pent-up ardor of the men burst out at last. All hands were towards Bertrand, and they crowded about him, strenuous to make amends. It was Dubois who was the first to do a brave man’s penance for a savage wrong. And yet another was before him in the act, for Tinteniac, long a listener, had pushed through the crowd and rushed on Du Guesclin with a great hearted-shout of joy. “Bertrand, Brother Bertrand, the prize at Mivoie should have been yours—not mine.” “Sire,” and the strong man’s head was bowed at last so that it rested on Tinteniac’s shoulder—“sire, I am a great fool, but—God help me—I shall play the woman.”
  • 53.
    XXXIX They stood alonetogether on the edge of the orchard, nothing but deep grassland before them and the haze of heat that covered the woods. The men who had followed the green gyron from Josselin had slipped away by twos and threes—Tinteniac, with his hand on Dubois’s shoulder; Carro de Bodegat, in sneering solitude and ready to snap at his best friend. The bees were working in the apple-boughs, and the birds sang everywhere. The green lap of the world was filled with the precious stones from the treasure-chest of spring. Tiphaïne was looking before her with a faint smile playing about her mouth, the sword that Carro de Bodegat had surrendered to her held like a crucifix in her hands. “Bertrand.” Now that they were alone together he felt half afraid of her, and shy of the great gulf that her imagined marriage had set between them. Tiphaïne, turning to him, wondered why his eyes looked sad. Her gratitude was more deep than gratitude towards him. Bertrand might have suspected it had he not been so resigned to believing her a wife. “Do you remember the day when you plucked the white May- bough for me before the tournament at Rennes?” Bertrand remembered it, and by his face the memory brought him more bitterness than joy. “You were a child—then.” “A child, yes. I can see Robin now cantering his pony over the meadows. What a blessed boon it is that we mortals cannot foresee the future! The shame of this thing has broken my father’s heart.” She began to speak of the past, that past that made the present seem more unlivable and real. She was grateful to him, Bertrand
  • 54.
    knew. But whatwas mere gratitude?—a cup of wine to a starving man. “Tiphaïne,” and the low pitch of his voice startled her, “I am thinking of that poor child’s grave among the beech-trees of Broceliande.” “Arletta?” “Yes. You remember the words you gave me then?” She looked at him steadily, with a transient quivering of her upper lip. “I remember those words. And—I am thinking they may be forgotten.” “They can never be forgotten.” “No?” “For they have made me something of which I am not ashamed.” His deep sadness puzzled her, for his eyes were like the eyes of a man who strives to be patient when suffering inward pain. The tragedy of the Aspen Tower had left its shadow on him, and yet it could not explain to her the overmastering melancholy that seemed to humble his whole heart. “I did my best to save the lad,” he said. “Can I doubt that? No, no, you kept your promises almost too well. If they had hanged you for a traitor I should not have had the heart to look the world in the face again.” “What would it have mattered?” and she saw that his bitterness was not assumed. “Mattered? To lose the bravest man in Brittany, at the end of a rope!” “Tiphaïne!” “Did I not dream as a child that Bertrand du Guesclin would do great things. And now this Bertrand du Guesclin is proving the wisdom of my dreams.” He looked at her so sadly, but with such an air of patient self- distrust, that it seemed that her praise was like wealth to a man dying of some inexorable disease. “I am glad that I kept my promise,” he began, “and that you can think well of a man who but a year ago was not worthy to touch
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    your hands.” “But now?” “Now—also”—andhe spoke with a sense of effort—“I am glad— that you have chosen for yourself a man who in these rough times can give you honor and strength—things precious to a woman.” He made a brave uttering of these words, trying not to betray to her anything of the thoughts that were in his heart. There was a questioning wonder in Tiphaïne’s eyes. Only at that moment did she remember the part that the Sieur de Tinteniac had played. “Bertrand!” He looked at her sharply, for her voice had startled him. “I had forgotten that you had followed us from Josselin. You often watched us with Croquart—was that not so?” “Yes, I was always on the watch.” “And perhaps you were near enough to hear some chance words.” He flushed like an eavesdropper discovered in a seeming meanness. “I was near you—” he began, “because—” She broke in on him as though she had read his thoughts. “You believed that I was the Sieur de Tinteniac’s wife?” “I believed it.” “You believed that?” “What else could I believe?” “It was a mere pretence. Tinteniac knew too well what manner of man Croquart was.” She told him the whole truth, and Bertrand watched her even as he had watched when she had swept past Carro de Bodegat to set him free. The bonds then had been bonds upon the flesh. Now she was breaking the spiritual fetters that had been riveted so fast about his soul. “Tiphaïne, it is enough.” The simplicity of those few words showed her how deep a loyalty had suffered here in silence. Woman that she was, she realized the completeness of his self-abnegation, and honored him the more
  • 56.
    because he hadnot grudged his faith to her when he had no hope of a reward. “Bertrand, come near to me. Do you believe that I have told you the whole truth?” He looked at her, silent yet very happy. “I believe whatever you may say to me.” “Blindly?” “No—not blindly.” “And why—not blindly?” “Because”—and his strong face warmed to her—“because I can swear you are what you seem to be. Because I know what I myself have been. Because I have learned what honor is, and to know the face that cannot give a lie.” “Then I am the same Tiphaïne who carried the white May-bough into Rennes?” “Need you ask that?” His faith was the more precious to her now that she knew what such a faith was worth. She turned aside, still holding the sword, and looked out over the meadows like one who wonders at the mystery of a moonlit sea. Some measure of awe had fallen on her in the presence of this silent and patient man who had learned to suffer—even to the death. “Bertrand,” she said, at last, “I have a great longing in me for La Bellière and for my home.” He bowed his head, watched her, and waited. “The Sieur de Tinteniac and these men will carry the news to Beaumanoir at Josselin. Is it your wish that I should go to Josselin with them?” “My wish?” “Yes. For it is your right to ask.” He drew a deep breath and gave her all his homage. “If I might take you to La Bellière—” “Bertrand!” “You can trust me?” “I trust you utterly,” she said.
  • 57.
    XL At La Bellièrean old man walked in the garden of the château, leaning on a servant’s arm and taking short turns to and fro on the stretch of grass bordering the fish-pond, where the sedges rustled and the yellow flags were raising their yellow banners above each clump of spears. The bloom was falling from the fruit trees, and lay turning brown upon the grass. In the wilder corners of the orchard the weeds and wild flowers stood knee-deep, the sunlight shimmering into the waste of green, and making each wild flower seem like a living gem, red, white, and azure, purple and gold. A dog wandered lazily at the old man’s heels, snapping now and again at an over-zealous fly or watching the blackbirds and mistlethrushes that were foraging for nestfuls of querulous children. Swallows skimmed the surface of the fish-pond, twittering, and touching the still water with their wings between the great green leaves of the water-lilies. It was Stephen Raguenel, who went slowly to and fro, leaning on the servant’s arm, his steps weak and hesitating, an expression of profound and patient melancholy upon his face. He stooped so much that he seemed to have lost three inches of his stature in a week. His eyes had lost their pointedness and their sparkle; they were fixed and vacant, the eyes of a man who is living largely in the past. From time to time the Vicomte would lift his head and look round him with the half-wistful wonder of a child. The second simplicity of life seemed to be taking possession of him, and the pride of the great seigneur had mellowed into the quiet gentleness of the old man. The servant, whose head was but a shade darker than his master’s, kept step with him, and did not speak except when spoken to. Nor was his respect a thing of the surface only. He had felt much
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    that the Vicomtehimself had felt, and the shadow of humiliation fell also across his face. “Girard, good fellow, what day of the week is it?” “The third, sire.” “Ah, ah, and the swallows are here. It is hardly a year ago since we rode to join Madame the Countess in the south.” “Yes, sire, that is so.” And the servant, with the discretion of a good listener, contented himself with following where his master led. “How do the apricots look on the south wall, Girard—eh?” “They have been full of bloom, sire.” “Madame Tiphaïne is fond of the fruit. Let me see, Girard—how many leagues is it to Josselin from here?” Girard pretended to consider, though he was asked the same question twenty times a day. “Some seventeen leagues, I should say, sire, by Montcontour and Loudeac.” “And it was Thursday?” “A Thursday, sire, when madame set out.” The Vicomte had halted and appeared to be counting the ripples that a swallow’s wings had raised on the quiet waters of the pool. “Then I shall judge that they reached Josselin on the Sabbath, Girard—eh?” “I should judge so, sire.” “And to-day is Tuesday.” “To-day is Tuesday.” “Then on the morrow or the next day we should have good news?” “To-morrow or the next day, sire, we should have good news.” Stephen Raguenel turned away from the fish-pond with a quiet sigh. “That is well, that is well. I think I will rest, Girard, on the seat under the Pucelle de Saintongue. Thanks, my good fellow. There is no news to-day from the abbey of Lehon?” “No news, sire,” and Girard passed a nervous hand across his mouth. “Abbot Stephen has a good name in Dinan, Girard—eh?”
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    “A very goodname, sire. The country people call him their ‘little father.’ ” “Their ‘little father’?” and the Vicomte folded his arms. “He will be a spiritual father to my son, my good Girard. Good luck to the lad. He was the only son I had.” It so happened that while Stephen Raguenel dozed in the sun on the bench under the pear-tree, Stephen, Abbot of Lehon, dealt with two shamefaced mortals who had begged an audience of him that very morning. They were none other than the two La Bellière men- servants who had shown such whole-hearted consideration for Croquart in refusing to hinder him in the capturing of the Sieur de Tinteniac and their lady. Honestly ashamed of the part they had played in the adventure, they had ridden back from Loudeac, only to find that they had not the courage to be the bearers of such news to their lord and master the Vicomte of La Bellière. Being sensible fellows, they had conceived the plan of shifting the responsibility upon the fatherly shoulders of the Abbot of Lehon. The Abbot did not thank them in the sincerity of his heart, but, being a conscientious priest, bemoaned the disaster and accepted the responsibility. He ordered the two men to be locked up safely in two vacant cells. The Vicomte had lost one child to the Church, and Abbot Stephen concluded that it would be courting a calamity to confess to him that his other child had been stolen by the “Flemish Devil.” Madame Tiphaïne and the Sieur de Tinteniac might be rescued by the Bretons under Messire Geoffroi Dubois, and the Abbot deemed it wise to temporize, in the hope of receiving better news. Unfortunately the good man’s discretion was nullified by the tongue of an irresponsible woman, and that woman Lisette, Tiphaïne’s bower wench whom the two men had left at Loudeac. A meddlesome but warm-hearted creature, she had made her way to Dinan by begging a place on the back of a pack-horse belonging to a merchant who was returning to that town after disposing of his goods at Loudeac. From Dinan she trudged to La Bellière, carrying her news like a piece of hot pudding on her tongue. To such a
  • 60.
    woman it waseasier to chatter than to think, and after such a journey it was imperative that she should create something of a sensation. She created it by falling in a faint at the Vicomte’s feet as the old man crossed the court-yard from the garden, leaning on Girard’s arm. The woman was a fool, and Girard, shrewd in his generation, suspecting that she was ready to shriek the news of some calamity into his master’s ears, promptly attempted to smother her indiscretion by whipping her gown up over her face. “Ah, the little fox! Pierre, Gilbert, carry the baggage into the kitchen and give her a cup of wine.” He was bending over Lisette and stuffing her gown into her mouth to prolong her fainting fit. Several men ran forward, pounced on her, and prepared to bundle her unceremoniously out of the Vicomte’s sight. “Who is it, Girard?” “No one, sire—only a silly chit who has walked too fast in the sun,” and his knuckles showed no consideration for the softness of Lisette’s lips. The men were lifting her from the flag-stones when she recovered her senses with true hysterical inopportuneness and began to claw at the dress Girard had turned up over her head. The old man saw a scream gathering in the bower woman’s bosom, and did his best to throttle it in her throat. “Fool! idiot! hold your tongue—” Lisette wriggled her hands free and clawed at Girard’s face. “Sire, sire—” “Devil take the cat!” The men showed her no great courtesy, but the gown fell away from her face in the scuffle. “Let me be, fools!” “Hold your tongue, you she-dog!” “Sire, sire, they are hiding the truth from you. It is Lisette, madame’s woman.” The Vicomte’s shadow fell across the flag-stones close to her. “Lisette!”
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    He had recognizedthe girl. Girard stood back and surrendered to the hysterical folly of a woman. “Let her be, men. Come, what has happened?” The dishevelled figure fell on its knees at the Vicomte’s feet. “Sire, sire, a great misfortune.” “Ah!” “Madame has been taken by Croquart the Fleming. It was on the road to Josselin.” And she gabbled all she knew, and straightway began to weep. Stephen Raguenel looked down at her mutely, very gently, yet with a peculiar quivering of the lips. There was nothing foolish in Lisette’s grief to him. The truth was too poignant to suffer him to feel the thoughtless egotism of the woman’s tears. “Girard.” The old man was at his side, looking questioningly into his master’s face. “Girard, help me to my room. I had rather have heard that she was dead.”
  • 62.
    XLI Over golden moorsand through winding woodways deep with the glamour of forests in green leaf, Bertrand and Tiphaïne rode homeward towards Dinan. Since there seemed something sacred in the days to them, they shunned the towns and villages, holding to the wilderness of the woods and moors, as though solitude and the silence thereof had a restfulness for either heart. For Bertrand that season of the world’s awakening had been a season of storm, of weary nights and troubled dawns. He had slain his own self, to find his manhood reincarnated in the second life that had risen for him like a gold cloud out of the east. He was as a man who had much to remember, and much more to foreshadow. The woods and moors had a sudden awe for him, an awe that played like sacred fire upon the solemn summits of the hills. As a man’s life is, so are his desires. In the making or the marring it is the genius of effort that sets the furnace glowing and strikes with the hammer upon the malleable metal of the soul. No man ever drifted into strength or dreamed into nobleness by lying on a bed with a wine-cup at his elbow. We gather life or lose it. God strikes no balance for us. We may labor blindly, but we must labor— to be men. As for Bertrand, he had grown young and old in the same breath —young in that he had won the brave ardor of his youth again; old, because he had taken the temper of the world, and learned to behold the conquering good even in the darkness of disloyalty and shame. He had come to true manhood by throwing that same manhood bound and broken at the feet of honor. He had won in thinking that he had lost, triumphed by believing that he could bear defeat.
  • 63.
    Therefore he rodebeside Tiphaïne, the Child of the White May Bough, the Enchantress of the Aspen Tower, looking upon the beauty of her womanhood without fear, yet with awe. Her face seemed to open the gates of heaven before his eyes. He was content to follow her, hoping that in due season he might hold her hand in his. The first night they lodged in a little inn upon the road. There was but one guest-chamber in the place, and Tiphaïne slept there, while Bertrand lay awake before the door. They passed the second night in an open wood, great pine-trees towering to the stars, Tiphaïne asleep on a bed of heather that Bertrand’s hands had gathered and spread. He stood on guard till the dawn came, feeling the dark, whispering wood like some solemn temple where he could keep vigil as a sacred right. Tiphaïne slept, even like a trusting child. Her great faith in him made Bertrand happy, happy as a man who has conquered fame. He saw the dawn come up, a stealing into the sky of vapors of crimson and of gold. He knew that that evening they would reach La Bellière. It was to be the last day of their pilgrimage together. The sunlight was slanting through the trees, warming the red trunks, when Tiphaïne awoke and saw Bertrand, motionless, a pillar of patience, leaning upon his sword. There was a faint glimmering of sunlight in the eyes that looked at him. Her hair bathed Tiphaïne’s face like some soft autumn color bathing the white face of an autumn flower. She left the bed of heather, and Bertrand heard the rustle of her footsteps in the grass. He turned, looking like one who has been watching the sunrise and finding the woods dark and mist-fogged after the brightness of the broadening east. Tiphaïne’s eyes had the strangeness of eyes that are half happy and half sad. “And I have let you watch all night!” He looked at her and smiled. “It has seemed short enough.” “Then Bertrand du Guesclin is never weary?” “I had my own thoughts. With some thoughts—a man is never tired.”
  • 64.
    The secrets ofthe heart escape in the uttering of a few simple words. They stood looking at each other, each wishing to be compassionate yet honest. Tiphaïne’s eyes were the first to turn away. “We shall reach La Bellière to-night,” she said. “Yes, to-night.” “And I shall see my father.” Perhaps there was the slightest tremor of regret quivering in her thankfulness. Bertrand was watching Tiphaïne as a strong man watches the light or shadow in the eyes of one he loves. “Shall I be welcome at La Bellière?” “Welcome?” “You see, some men are remembered—with bitterness.” “You misjudge my father.” “No, but I feel for him.” “I know it.” She lifted her face to his with a brave quickening of her womanhood. Instinct told her all that was in Bertrand’s heart. His hands were opening and shutting upon the hilt of his sword. “A year ago you know what manner of man I was.” “I know what manner of man I honor now.” “You called me a worthless ruffian, and you were right.” “Forget the words.” “No, before God, no; they made me turn into a man.” “And you, Bertrand, have taught me many things in return.” It was as though she yielded, and yet did not yield. “Tiphaïne.” “We owe so much to you, we of La Bellière.” His hands swept out to her, letting the sword fall. “No, no, do not say that. Am I a man to trade upon my deeds?” “Bertrand!” “Forget them, for I should hate myself if you were to look on me as one who had plotted for your gratitude. Tiphaïne, I am just a man. I am thinking of you as the child who rescued me at Rennes.” His words moved her more deeply than he imagined. She looked into his swarthy and impassioned face, and felt his homage leap up
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    about her likesacred fire. “If I might speak it?” She faltered, and her cheeks were red, her eyes mysterious. “No, no, not now—” He went near to her, holding out his great, strong hands. “I am a rough, ignorant fool, but—before God—I know now how to give you homage.” “Bertrand, I know it—” “Well—” “Wait”—and she looked at him, and then at the hands he held to her—“I ask you to see the shadows that I see, the shadows that are darkening my own home.” “Shadows?” “Yes”—and her courage came to her—“I am thinking Bertrand, of my father, and of Robin hiding in the cloisters of Lehon.” He dropped his hands and drew back a step, not harshly or selfishly, but with the reverence of a man who could behold the same vision as her tenderness beheld. “Tiphaïne, I never had a home.” “No.” “They always hated me. And yet—” “And yet you feel what I feel, the sacredness that watches over home. Bertrand, there is my father; my heart goes out to him; I remember how he looked at me when I told him the truth of Robin’s shame.” His face was more tender towards her than before. “He loved the lad.” “And now he looks to me for all the love he lost at Mivoie. To- night he will kiss me and think me all his own.” There was no bitterness in Bertrand’s eyes. “You have a great heart in you.” “Bertrand, you understand?” “God bless you, yes.” She went to him suddenly and took his hands. “Patience.” And in her eyes he might have read the dawning truth.
  • 66.
    XLII In the Abbot’sparlor at Lehon there was a window that looked out upon the abbey garden, with its sunny stretch of turf, broad beds of herbs and vegetables, its barrier of aspen-trees about the orchard, an orchard rich in Pucelle de Flanders, St. Reols, and Caillon pears, cherries, and quinces, and pearmain apples. At this same window stood the Abbot Stephen, and behind him, half in the shadow, a girl in a gray hood and cloak and a man in black and rusty harness. The window was shaded, moreover, by a swinging lattice and by the red flowers and green leaves of a climbing rose, whose tendrils wavered athwart the blue of the summer sky. Below, in the garden, between two broad bands of beans in flower, a young man in a russet-colored cassock was stooping over an onion-bed, holding a basket woven of osier twigs in one hand, while with the other he pulled up weeds. From time to time he stood up as though to stretch himself, or took to crawling between the rows, pushing the basket before him and throwing the weeds into it as he worked. The cowl of the cassock was turned back, leaving his head with its cropped hair bare to the sun. The man weeding the onion-bed was Robin Raguenel; those who watched him, Bertrand du Guesclin and Robin’s sister. The crawling figure, in its brown cassock, hardly suggested the young Breton noble who had ridden out to fight at Mivoie in all the splendor and opulence of arms. Robin had changed the sword for the hoe, the helmet for a basket of osiers. In lieu of cantering to the cry of trumpets over the Breton moors, he crawled across the cabbage and onion beds of the abbey of Lehon, the sun scorching his rough cassock, his nails rimmed with dirt, his sandalled feet brown with the warm earth of the garden. Here was a transfiguration that challenged the pride of the worldly-hearted. “Pax Dei.”
  • 67.
    Abbot Stephen crossedhimself, beholding in Tiphaïne’s eyes a certain unpleased pity, as though the crawling figure of her brother had made her set the past beside the present. Abbot Stephen looked at her steadily and smiled. “You are offended for your brother’s sake,” he said. Her eyes were on Robin, who had squatted on his heels to rest, and was staring vacantly into the basket half filled with weeds. “Offended, father?” “There is more wisdom, child, in this penance than the mere eye can see.” She still watched Robin, an expression of poignant pity upon her face. “The change is so sudden to me,” she said. Stephen of Lehon spread his hands with a gesture of fatherly assent. “And yet, my daughter, there is wisdom in this work of his. Your brother’s pride is in the dust, and in the dust man’s humbleness may find that subtle and mysterious seed that has its flowering when the heart is sad.” “It is difficult for me, father, not to grudge the past.” “Is there, then, no glory, child, save in the service of the sword?” He looked at her with an amiable austerity whose humaneness had not hardened into the mere dogmatism of the priest. Abbot Stephen still boasted the instinctive sympathy of youth. As for Tiphaïne, she glanced at Bertrand, who had drawn back into the room, arguing in her heart that it was better to fight God’s battle in the world than to dream dreams in a religious house. “Christ our Lord was but a carpenter.” And the Abbot crossed himself. “I remember it.” “In the simple things of life the heart finds comfort. A sinless working with the hands leads to a sinless working of the soul. It was the lad himself who prayed me to give him work to do.” She put her hands together as though in prayer. “My brother must know his own needs,” she said. “It is better to work than to sulk like a sick hawk upon a perch.”
  • 68.
    “Child, that isthe right spirit.” And he stood to bless her, with no complacent unction, but with heart of grace. For a while she looked at Robin kneeling on the naked earth, her silence seeming to confess that she was more content to leave him in the Church’s keeping. “I go now to La Bellière,” she said, quietly. “You have a double share, my child, to give and to receive.” “God grant that I may remember it,” and she turned to Bertrand with a stately lifting of the head. At La Bellière the sky was an open wealth of blue, the aspens all a-whisper. And yet, with summer reddening the lips of June, the sorrow of the place was still like the sighing of a wind through winter trees on a winter evening. Logs burned in the great fireplace of the solar. Stephen Raguenel, looking like some December saint, craved from the flames that warmth that life and the noon sun could not give. The turrets were casting long shadows towards the east when dust rose on the road from Dinan. A few peasants were running in advance of a knight and a lady who wound between the aspen-trees towards the towers and chimneys of La Bellière. Soon there came the sound of men shouting, the clatter of hoofs on the bridge before the gate. The starlings and jackdaws wheeled and chattered about the chimneys. It was as though the château had slept under some wizard’s spell, to awake suddenly at the sounding of a hero’s horn. Girard, discretion among the discreet, was craning out of a turret window, his face like a vociferous gargoyle spouting from a wall. He saw madame’s palfrey, the cloak with its crimson lining, and understood that Croquart had been cheated of a ransom. Girard ran down the tower stair two steps at a time, bruised his forehead—without swearing—against the cross-beam of a door, and reached the great court in time to see Tiphaïne and the man in the black harness ride in through the gate. “Assuredly this is God’s doing.” And Girard crossed himself before running forward to join his fellow-servants in frightening the starlings, who were unaccustomed to so much shouting.
  • 69.
    “Madame, this isGod’s doing.” He kissed the hem of her cloak, and was asked but a single question in return: “Girard, my father?” “Now that madame has come back to us my lord the Vicomte will most surely live.” She left the saddle and bade Bertrand follow her. But the man in the black harness held back, feeling that he was a stranger amid the curious and many faces that filled the court-yard of La Bellière. “Go,” he said to her. “I will wait my time.” “Perhaps it is better.” “Yes, that you should go to him alone.” Girard, sparkling like a well-polished flagon, and brimful of exultation, presented his homage to the gentleman on the black horse. All the La Bellière servants had been told the truth. Messire Bertrand du Guesclin could have commanded more devotion at that moment than Charles of Blois himself. “The grace of God to you, messire,” and Girard’s face carried more than a servile blessing. The men made the turrets ring. “God and St. Ives for the Eagle of Cancale!” They crowded round, each trying to hold his stirrup or bridle or to take his spear. Their enthusiasm grew bolder as the contact became more intimate. Two of the tallest men soon had Bertrand upon their shoulders, and carried him in triumph to the dais in the great hall. Girard’s bald pate glistened with obeisances. “Would my lord eat and drink?” Bertrand accepted the suggestion. He felt it embarrassing, this setting-up of him like an idol to be stared at unwinkingly by so many pairs of eyes. If the god ate, they would at least see that he was half-human like themselves. “My good-fellow, honest men are always thirsty.” And had it been possible they would have emptied a hogshead of Bordeaux down Bertrand’s throat by way of testifying their devotion.
  • 70.
    Even the cook,gardeners, and dairy-women crowded “the screens” to catch a glimpse of Bertrand as he sat at the high table. They watched him eat and drink as though he were an ogre, whispering together, peeping over one another’s shoulders. Bertrand, who had none of the spirit of the mock hero, chafed under this flattering publicity, being in no humor to be gaped at like a black bear in a cage. “My good-fellow, do people ever eat here?” Girard flourished a napkin and looked puzzled. “Ah, messire—” “These friends of yours seem to grudge me my hunger by the way they push and stare.” Girard took the hint and closed the doors on the array of inquisitive faces. He returned and made his bow. “Messire du Guesclin must pardon the people. Messire du Guesclin is a great soldier and a hero.” “Nonsense, sir,” and Bertrand laughed half foolishly at Girard’s magniloquent respect. “Messire, you have a modest heart.” “Modest heart!—to the devil with you!” “And a courage that will not be flattered.” Bertrand picked up his wine-cup and held it towards Girard. “Enough, friend,” he said; “I am clumsy at catching compliments. Drink to all good Bretons. That will please me better.” And Girard drank, his eyes looking at Bertrand over the rim of the cup. It was then that the door leading to the stairway behind the dais opened, showing Tiphaïne in a green gown, a red girdle about her waist. “Bertrand.” He saw at once that she had been weeping, though her eyes shone like a clear sky after rain. “Come.” Bertrand followed her without a word. She climbed the stairs and halted on the threshold of the solar, her hand on the latch of the closed door.
  • 71.
    “My father hasasked for you.” The man before her appeared far more distrustful of himself than if he had been called to lead the forlornest of forlorn hopes. “You will find him changed.” “Am I to go alone?” “If you wish it.” Bertrand’s face betrayed his unwillingness. “I would rather—” “I came with you?” And she took his hand. Stephen Raguenel was sitting in his chair before the fire, with the look of a man exhausted by too sudden and great a joy. Tears were still shining on his cheeks. Bertrand felt more afraid of him than of a weeping girl. “Father, I have brought Bertrand to you.” The old man would have risen; his hands were already on the arms of his chair. Bertrand, a great rush of pity sweeping away his awkwardness, went to him and knelt like a stripling beside the Vicomte’s chair. “Sire—” Stephen Raguenel laid his hands upon Bertrand’s shoulders. His eyes had a blind and vacant look. It was the wreck of a face that Bertrand saw gazing into his. “It is you, Messire Bertrand du Guesclin?” “It is I, sire.” “We owe you much, my Tiphaïne and I.” “Sire, let us not speak of it,” and his mouth quivered, for he saw in the old man’s eyes the yearning of a father for his son. “No, messire, our honor is with us yet. We give you that gratitude of which God alone can know the depth. Child, is not that so?” Tiphaïne had slipped behind him, and stood leaning upon the carved back of the chair. Her hands rested on her father’s shoulders. He drew them down with his and looked up wistfully into her face. “Bertrand braved more than death for us,” she said. “For the lad Robin’s sake.” “Yes, for him.”
  • 72.
    He lay backin his chair with his eyes closed, his breathing slow and regular like the breathing of one who sleeps. Bertrand had risen, and was leaning against the carved hood of the chimney. He remembered vividly that night, not many weeks, ago when the old man had gloried in the promise of his son. Tiphaïne’s hands were smoothing her father’s hair. The touch of those hands brought a smile to the old man’s face. He opened his eyes to look at her, and in that look the heart of the father seemed to drink in peace. Bertrand turned, and went stealthily towards the door. He opened it gently, and left them alone together.
  • 73.
    XLIII Bertrand rode outhawking early on the forenoon of the third day at La Bellière, leaving Tiphaïne and her father seated together under the Vicomte’s favorite pear-tree in the orchard. He had chosen a gerfalcon in the La Bellière mews, and taken the path towards a marsh where there was a heron passage some three miles from the château. He rode alone, with the bird belled and hooded on his wrist, more intent, perhaps, in gaining solitude than on seeing the falcon make a flight. For the heart of a man in love is a world within itself, where the green pastures and deep woods are tinged with a melancholy like the perfume of wild thyme in the green deeps of June. But there was more than mere melancholy in Bertrand’s heart that morning, for the truth was plain to him as the blue sweep of the summer sky that the old man at La Bellière lived in the spirit on the eyes and lips of Tiphaïne, his child. The vision of yesterday shone ever before Bertrand’s mind, the vision of Stephen Raguenel’s face glowing with a reflected light, a light falling from Tiphaïne’s face, with its great eyes and splendid sheen of hair. Nor would Bertrand have grudged the old man this, or have reproached Tiphaïne for having a woman’s heart. Men look for piety in priests, patience in a philosopher, tenderness and loyalty in a daughter towards her sire. The true man desires to find a beautiful completeness in the creature of his heart’s creation. He would rather starve his own desires than see her fail in some sacred duty towards her soul. But the Vicomte had given Bertrand food for reflection that same morning, nor had the food seemed particularly sweet. “I am remembering, Messire Bertrand,” he had said, “that there are other hearts in Brittany more near of sympathy to you than ours. We must not keep you at La Bellière.”
  • 74.
    A broad hint,forsooth, and Bertrand had read more in the old man’s restless eyes than the Vicomte’s tongue had suffered him to say. Half an hour’s talk with Tiphaïne at the open window! Stephen Raguenel had even grudged him that, and betrayed by a flash of senile peevishness that the younger man’s presence cast a shadow across the narrowing path of age. Human, most human, and yet there was something pitiful to Bertrand in the old man’s sensitiveness, his readiness to resent any sharing of Tiphaïne’s thoughts. No doubt she was all that was left to him, his pearl of great price, which he would suffer no other man to handle. In this life the services of a friend may be too soon forgotten when the clash of interests rouses the armed ego. Gratitude is the most volatile of all the sentiments. Return an old man his lost purse, and it is but natural that he should knit his brows when the self- same purse is coveted by the very mortal who returned it. Yet to one who has suffered in the cause of others a grudging and suspicious spirit is as a north wind in the midst of June. It was for this reason that Bertrand’s heart was bitter in him that morning, not because Tiphaïne loved her father, but because the old man grudged her even a friend. In the past the lord of La Bellière would have laughed at such a notion of tyranny. But sorrow and the slackening of the fibres of the heart can change the temper of the happiest mind. The forenoon had gone when Bertrand turned homeward to La Bellière without having so much as slipped the hood or jesses. Yet even though he had won nothing by the falcon’s talons, he had come by a decision to leave La Bellière on the morrow. Not in the best of tempers, he came suddenly upon two shabby- looking devils squatting side by side under a wayside cross. They were sharing half a brown loaf and a bottle of cider, the jaws of both munching energetically with that stolid emphasis that betrays the philosophic and worldly mendicant. A couple of rusty swords and bucklers lay on the grass at the men’s feet. One of the pair was leathery and tall; the other, buxom about the body, with a face that matched the frayed scarlet of his coat.
  • 75.
    They sighted Bertrand,falcon on wrist, and stared at him casually as though considering whether he was a gentleman likely to disburse a coin. There was an abrupt slackening of the masticatory muscles. Two pairs of eyes were startled by the apparition. The lean man bolted a large mouthful of bread and started up with a shout that sent Bertrand’s horse swerving across the road. The loaf and the cider bottle were tossed upon the grass. “Soul of my grandmother, bully Hopart, but it’s the captain!” “Lording! lording!” “Devil’s luck, and I’m no sinner!” They made a rush across the grass, waving their caps and cutting grotesque capers. “Hopart! Guicheaux!” “The very dogs, messire.” “God save me, but this is gallant!” Bertrand’s face beamed like a great boy’s as he rolled out of the saddle almost into Guicheaux’s arms. Hopart and his brother bully sprang at him like a couple of barking and delirious dogs. So rough and strenuous were their methods of showing joy that a stranger might have taken them for a couple of footpads in the act of robbing a gentleman of his purse. “Captain, captain, I could hug the heart out of you.” “Goodman, Guicheaux. Give me a grip.” “A crack of the knuckle-bones. Sir, but you are still strong in the fist.” In the midst of all this loving turbulence the gyrfalcon on Bertrand’s wrist took to fluttering and screeching by way of protest, ruffled in feathers as well as temper. Bertrand disentangled himself, laughing and not a little out of breath. “Captain, we have been beating all the country this side of Loudeac.” “Good-fellows!” “And, lord, we have had our hands busy cramming lies back down these squeakers’ throats. Faugh! how some of these fat folk stink of the pit!” “So you have heard lies, eh?”
  • 76.
    Hopart and Guicheauxexchanged glances. “Well, captain, there’s never a wind in seed-time but thistle- down’s a blowing. Certain lewd rogues had been puffing a tale of the fight at Mivoie.” “To be sure.” “What is more, captain, a harping devil made so bold as to blab of it at Cancale.” “To Sieur Robert, eh?” “Yes, and to madame.” “And it was believed?” Guicheaux screwed his hatchet face into a kind of knot. “Your pardon, captain, Madame Jeanne is a great lady.” “And has some spite against me. Well?” Guicheaux looked at Hopart; his comrade returned an eloquent grin. “Well, captain, we two took that harping devil and half drowned him in the ditch.” “You did?” “But madame had her weapons ready. Brother Hopart, be so good as to scratch my back.” The fat man pulled up the thin man’s shirt, and Guicheaux displayed a back still livid from the blows of a whip. “Madame knows how to argue, captain,” and he chuckled. “What, they whipped you?” “By the lord, they did that!” and Guicheaux proceeded to display in turn his comrade’s honorable scars. Bertrand looked at them, stubble-chinned rascals that they were, and felt a significant stiffening of the throat. It was no news to him that Dame Jeanne should have been ready to hear him slandered, but the loyalty of these rough dogs of war more than compensated for the smart. “Hopart, Guicheaux, answer me. It was told then to madame my mother that Bertrand du Guesclin had played the traitor?” They both stared at him and nodded. “She believed it?” Again the two heads bobbed acquiescence.
  • 77.
    “And you?” “We, captain?” “Yes,you.” “Well,” and Guicheaux looked embarrassed—“well, Brother Hopart, what did we do?” “Kicked,” quoth the fat man, “and were royally toe-plugged for our pains.” Bertrand slipped the jesses and shook the falcon from his wrist. He opened his arms to the two men, and Messire Bertrand du Guesclin might have been seen embracing the two vagabonds like brothers. “Assuredly,” he said, “that harper friend of yours told lies.” “Captain!” “I fought at Mivoie, but not in my own arms.” “Captain! captain!” “All Brittany will soon know the truth.” “St. Ives du Guesclin!” And Guicheaux threw his cap into the air, sprang at Hopart, and smote him an open-handed smack across the chest. “Bully Hopart, bully Hopart, we must get drunk on this—or die!” And they gripped hands and danced round Bertrand like a couple of clowns at a fair.
  • 78.
    XLIV While Hopart andGuicheaux discovered themselves in such excellent fettle over the recovery of their idol, no less a person than Madame Jeanne du Guesclin presented her husband’s pennon before the great gates of La Bellière. The disgrace at the Oak of Mivoie had sent Madame Jeanne upon a pilgrimage among her friends, for the news of Bertrand’s troth- breaking had challenged her pride, if it had not troubled her affection. Sieur Robert, a fat imbecile, had been left to gormandize at Cancale, while the wife, with sweet Olivier at her side, rode out to play the Roman mother. It was a necessary discretion that Bertrand should be sacrificed, nor did Madame Jeanne fail in the heroism of her indignation. Sumptuous in red gown, with streamers of gold at the elbows, a short “spencer” of blue cloth open at the hips, a hood of some amber-colored stuff with liripipia of green silk, Madame Jeanne rode her roan horse into the La Bellière court. Olivier, as flushed and splendid as his mother, straight-waisted, full and jagged in the sleeves, smiled at the wide welkin as though his motto were, “By God’s soul, I am the man.” Ten armed servants in red and green, a falconer, two huntsmen with four hounds in leash, followed hard at madame’s heels. Some people seem designed by nature for the more spacious ways of life, for terraces that touch the sunset, marble stairways, and chairs of gold. This largeness of presence was part of Jeanne du Guesclin’s birthright. Standing in the state solar of La Bellière, with one hand on Olivier’s shoulder, she dwarfed her slim fop of a son, whose mawkish look betrayed the oppression of a youth tired by indiscriminate motherly conceit. The window of the solar, with its scarlet cushions and carved pillars in the jambs, looked out upon the garden, where Madame
  • 79.
    Jeanne could seethe Vicomte asleep on the bench under the Pucelle de Saintonge. Half an hour had passed since Girard had bowed them into the state solar, and Madame Jeanne was not a lady who could wait in patience. She watched Stephen Raguenel with a slight twitching of her nostrils and the air of a grand seigneuress much upon her dignity. “It seems that they do things slowly at La Bellière.” Olivier yawned behind his hand. “The roads are devilish dry,” he remarked. “I should not quarrel with a cup of wine. The old gentleman there appears to have eaten a big dinner.” “The servants must be fools.” “Probably Madame Tiphaïne is looking out her very best gown.” And Olivier began to flick the dust from the embroidery and the slashed splendor of his côte hardie. Jeanne du Guesclin looked at him and smiled. “If Robin Raguenel is half as handsome—” “Pooh, mother!” “—as Messire Olivier.” “Confound my good looks,” and he pretended to appear modestly impatient. “How often are you talking to me as though I were a fool of a peacock?” “There, put your girdle straight, Olivier. If I have a handsome son, am I not allowed to use my eyes?” “I may be straighter in the legs than Bertrand,” and he gave a sharp and shallow laugh. “Bertrand, indeed! We shall soon have done with the worthless fool. My friends cannot say that I am prejudiced in the man’s favor, since I have been the first to tell many of them the truth.” “Poor fellow!” It was curious to watch Jeanne du Guesclin’s eyes change their expression—like water that seems hardened by the passing of a cloud. “Remember, you have taken Bertrand’s place,” she said. “Poor Bertrand!” and he showed his teeth; “if Beaumanoir catches him, he will most assuredly be hanged.”
  • 80.
    “Let them hangthe traitor. I can have no pity for a turncoat and a coward.” Tiphaïne was in her brother’s room, looking through the hundred and one things that had belonged to Robin: his whips and hunting- spears; the jesses, hoods, and gloves he had used in hawking; a few books; a great press full of perfumed clothes. On a peg by the window hung the surcoat that Bertrand had worn at Mivoie. The room was much as the lad had left it on the night of his flight to the abbey of Lehon. None of the servants had dared to touch the room. The care of all these treasures of a young man’s youth had been left to Tiphaïne like some sacred trust. It was in this room that Girard found her, kneeling before the great carved chest, her brother’s helmet in her lap. She was burnishing the armor that Robin should have worn at Mivoie, and whose sheen displayed the scars gotten from the English swords. The light from the window fell across her figure as she knelt, her hair aglow, her eyes deep with the pathos of the past. “Madame.” To Girard it seemed that she had been praying, and perhaps weeping, over her brother’s arms. His voice startled her, for she had not heard the opening of the door. “Girard?” The old man bowed to her as she rose with Robin’s helmet in her hands. “Pardon, madame, there are guests in the great solar.” “I heard the sound of trumpets, Girard, and thought that Messire Bertrand had returned.” “It is his mother, madame.” “Jeanne du Guesclin?” “And Messire Olivier with her.” Tiphaïne laid Robin’s helmet upon the bed, closed the great chest, and went to her own room, telling Girard not to wake the Vicomte. She changed her old gown for one of grass-green dusted with violets, fastened on a girdle of beaten silver and a brooch of lapis lazuli at her throat. Like Girard, she believed that Jeanne du
  • 81.
    Guesclin had riddento La Bellière with the news of Bertrand’s nobleness ringing like some old epic in her ears. The windows of the gallery that led from Tiphaïne’s room towards the chapel and the great solar looked out westward over the main court. The sun beat full upon these windows, and Tiphaïne, as she passed, had a blurred vision of Jeanne du Guesclin’s men, in their red jupons slashed with green, crowding round some of the La Bellière servants. They appeared to be arguing and chaffering over some piece of news. In fact, Madame Jeanne’s men were in the process of being enlightened as to that truth of which their mistress was most unmotherly in her ignorance. Tiphaïne loitered a moment at one of the windows. She had an instinctive antipathy for the haughty-mouthed lady of Motte Broon. The two strong natures were in contrast, and Tiphaïne was in no mood for uncovering her heart for the edification of this woman, whom she had distrusted ever since the days at Rennes. To Girard, Tiphaïne had given orders that the Vicomte was not to be disturbed, for she had taken the cares of the household on her own shoulders; nor was her father in a fit state to be afflicted with the irresponsible sympathy of inquisitive friends. The honor of the château was with Tiphaïne, and it was this same honor that brought Girard to the door of the state solar ten minutes after his mistress had entered. Girard’s fist was about to knock, when the pitch of the voices from within suggested suddenly that any intrusion would be indiscreet. Girard stood there stroking his chin and knowing not for the moment whether to enter or to retire. Tiphaïne was speaking, not loudly, but with that intensity of self-restraint that made each word ring like the clear stroke of a bell. Girard, who had known her since a child, and had grown familiar with every modulation of her voice, could see her, even though the door was shut. She would be standing at her full height, her head thrown back a little, her eyes looking straight at the face of the woman to whom she spoke. Soon a harsher, sharper voice broke in at intervals, questioning, criticising, snapping out short sentences with too evident a twinge of temper. Madame Jeanne had lost her haughty poise, and Girard,