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Research Variables types and identification
- 2. ANEEZ. K IST YEARMSC. NURSING EMS CON VARIABLES; TYPES AND IDENTIFICATION
- 3. DEFINITION OF RESEARCH Researchcomprises defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions; collecting, organising and evaluating data; making deductions and reaching conclusions; and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis. Clifford Woody
- 4. DEFINITION CONT.… Research isdefined as a systematic and objective analysis and recording of controlled observation that may lead to the development of generalisation of principles, theories, resulting in prediction and possible ultimate control of events. J.W. Best
- 5. DEFINITION CONT.… Research inits broadest sense is an attempt to gain solution to problem; more precisely it is a collection of data in a rigorously controlled situation for the purpose of prediction or explanations. - Treece and Treece
- 6. DEFINITION OF NURSINGRESEARCH Nursing research is a scientific process that validate and refines exciting knowledge and generate new knowledge that directly and indirectly influences clinical nursing practice. Burns and Grove, 2005
- 7. A systematic inquirydesigned to develop knowledge about issues of importance to the nursing profession, including nursing practice, education and administration and informatics. Polit & Beck, 2005 Nursing research is a way to identify new knowledge, improve professional education and practices and use resources effectively. International Council of Nurses, 1986
- 8. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH Quantitative researchis based on the measurement of quantity or amount. It is applicable to phenomena that can be expressed in terms of quantity.
- 9. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH • ExperimentalResearch • Non-Experimental Research
- 10. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH In thisresearchers actively introduce an intervention or treatment. The researcher play an active role by introducing the intervention. Researchers are active agents & not passive observers.
- 11. CHARACTERISTICS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH •Manipulation • Control • Randomization
- 12. NON EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH InNon experimental research researchers are observers- they collect data without intervening.
- 13. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Qualitative researchersaim to gather an in-depth understanding of human behaviour and the reasons that govern such behaviour. The qualitative method investigates the why and how of decision making, not just what, where, when. Hence, smaller but focused samples are more often used than large samples.
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- 15. CONCEPTS IN RESEARCH CONCEPTQUANTITATIVE TERM QUALITATIVE TERM Person contributing Information Subject Study Participants Study participant Informant Key informant Person Undertaking the Study Researcher Investigator Researcher Investigator That which is being investigated Concepts Constructs Variables Phenomena Concepts
- 16. CONCEPTS CONT… CONCEPT QUANTITATIVETERM QUALITATIVE TERM System of Organizing Concepts Theory, Theoretical Framework, Conceptual frame work, Conceptual Model Theory, Conceptual frame work Information Gathered Data in Numerical Form Data in Narrative Descriptions Connections Between Concepts Cause-Effect Relationships Patterns of Association Logical Reasoning Processes Deductive Reasoning Inductive Reasoning
- 17. BUILDING BLOCKS OFRESEARCH 1.Phenomena, Concepts and Constructs 2.Theories and Conceptual Model 3.Data 4.Relationships 5.Variables 6.Operational and Conceptual Definition
- 18. VARIABLES Variables are thelevels of abstraction that are measured manipulated or controlled in a study. - Nancy Burns and Susan K Grove
- 19. CLASSIFICATION OF VARIABLES •Based on the Forms of Presentations • Based on the Causal Relationships • Based on the Design of the Study
- 20. OTHER CLASSIFICATION • ResearchVariables • Demographic Variables • Heterogeneous and Homogenous Variables
- 21. IDENTIFICATION OF VARIABLES •Operational Definition • Conceptual Definition
- 22. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Astudy to evaluate the effect of ear plugs and eye masks on quantity of sleep among clients admitted in CCU in EMS Hospital, Perinthalmanna
- 23. BIBLIGRAPHY • Nirmala. V.J,Silvia Edison, Suni M.S. “Research methodology in Nursing”. Jaypee publication (2011). Page no.50-52 • Denise F. Polit, Cheryl Tatano Beck, “Nursing research generating and assessing evidence for practice”. 11th edition (2011), Wolter Kluwer publication. Page no. 50-58 • Nancy Burns and Susan K Gruve. “Understanding nursing research, building an evidenced based practice”. 4th edition (2008). Elsevier publications. Page no.125-130
- 24. • Nancy Burnsand Susan K Gruve. “The practice of nursing research appraising synthesis and generation of evidences”. 6th edition (2005). Elsevier publication. Page no. 179-179 • C.R. Kothari. “Research methodology. Methods and techniques”. Second revised edition. New age international publication. Page no. 34,318 • The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, Oxford publications, Page no. 1069 • L.V. Redman and A.V.H. Mory. “The Romance of Research”.10. Page no. 10