Rain Alarm Using 555 Timer IC with Report

Rain Alarm Using 555 Timer IC with Report

• 1.
  DLD Project: Rain Alarm Project Submittedto: Prof. BIN YAAMEEN Submitted by: Salman Mughal 114 (Section : BSCS “C” F16) (Date : June,23,2017)
• 2.
  RAIN ALARM CIRCUIT ABSTRACT Rainwater sensor is the main component in the circuit. For this rain sensor, no need to go and buy in the market or online. We can do it ourselves just by taking the piece of Bakelite or mica board and aluminium wire. Bakelite or mica board should be made completely flat and aluminium wire should be pasted on the flat board as shown in the figure below of rain water sensor. Care should be taken that there should be no spaces between the wire and board. When the rain water sensor is completed, it should get connected to the circuit and voltage should be passed through the wires. 1. INTRODUCTION Water is basic need in every one’s life. Saving and proper usage of water is very important. Here is an easy project which will give the alarm when there is rain, so that we can make some actions and save the rain water. Thus, we can increase the water levels of underground water by using underwater recharge technique. Rain water detector will detect the rain and make an alert; rain water detector is used in the irrigation field, home automation, communication, automobiles etc. Here is the simple and reliable circuit of rain water detector which can be constructed at low cost. Rain Alarm Project Block Diagram: Rain water sensor is the main component in the circuit. For this rain sensor, no need to go and buy in the market or online. We can do it ourselves just by taking the piece of Bakelite or mica board and aluminium wire. Bakelite or mica board should be made completely flat and aluminium wire should be pasted on the flat board as shown in the figure below of rain water sensor. Care should be taken that there should be no spaces between the wire and board. When the rain water sensor is completed, it should get connected to the circuit and
• 3.
  voltage should bepassed through the wires. Rain water sensor diagram is shown below: If there is no rain, the resistance between the wires will be very high and there will be no conduction between the wires in the sensor. If there is rain, the water drops will fall on the rain sensor which will also decrease the resistance 2. BASIC PRINCIPLE- When rain fall on the water sensor, due to the connection to the battery, it goes to the 555 Timer IC then to the buzzer, and LED glows. This circuit will automatically switch of the alarm after sometime and LED will glow continuously until the rain stops. 3. SPECIFICATION OF COMPONENTS 3.1. 555 Timer IC 555 timer IC. The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer, pulse generation, and oscillator applications. The 555 can be used to provide time delays, as an oscillator, and as a flip-flop element. Derivatives provide two or four timing circuits in one package. 3.2. TRANSISTORS BC547 is an NPN bi-polar junction transistor. A transistor, stands for transfer or resistance commonly used to amplify current. A small current at its base controls a larger current at collector & emitter terminals. BC547 is mainly used for amplification and switching purposes. It has a maximum current gain of 800. Its equivalent transistor The transistor terminals require a fixed DC voltage to operate in the desired region of its characteristic curves. This is known as the biasing. For amplification applications, the transistor is biased such that it is partly on for all input conditions. The input signal at base is amplified and taken at the emitter. BC547 is used in common emitter configuration for amplifiers. The voltage divider is the commonly
• 4.
  used biasing mode.For switching applications, transistor is biased so that it remains fully on if there is a signal at its base. In the absence of base signal, it gets completely off. 3.3. RESISTORS- Resistor is an electrical component that reduces the electric current. The resistor's ability to reduce the current is called resistance and is measured in units of ohms (symbol: Ω).If we make an analogy to water flow through pipes, the resistor is a thin pipe that reduces the water flow. 3.4 . LED (LIGHT EMITTING DIODE) A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source that resembles a basic pn-junction diode, except that an LED also emits light. When an LED's anode lead has a voltage that is more positive than its cathode lead by at least the LED's forward voltage drop, current flows. Electrons are able to recombine with holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence, and the colour of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy band gap of the semiconductor. 3.5. Capacitor Capacitor a device used to store an electric charge, consisting of one or more pairs of conductors separated by an insulator. 3.6. Buzzer Buzzer is an electrical device that makes a buzzing noise and is used for signalling.
• 5.
  3.7. POWER SUPPLY- Apower supply is a device that supplies electric power to an electrical load. The term is most commonly applied to electric power converters that convert one form of electrical energy to another, though it may also refer to devices that convert another form of energy (mechanical, chemical, solar) to electrical energy. A regulated power supply is one that controls the output voltage or current to a specific value; the controlled value is held nearly. 4. CIRCUIT
• 6.
  5. WORKING  Thepoints A and B of the circuit are connected to the points A and B of the rain sensor respectively. When rain is falling, the rain water will fall on the rain sensor which has aluminum wires on mica or Bakelite sheet. Due to the water on sensor, the aluminum wire ‘w’ develops resistance and gets conducted because of battery connector, the sensor and also to the circuit.  When the aluminum wires are connected, the transistor Q1will get turned on and make LED to glow and also Q2 will also be turned ON. When the Q2 is saturated, the capacitor C1 will be shorted and make the transistor Q3 to be turned ON. C1 will get charged by the resistor R4. The reset pin of 555timer which is connected to the emitter of Q3 will be made positive when Q3 reaches to the saturation mode.  The 555 timer is configured in a stable mode. When the reset pin of the 555 timer is made positive because of saturation mode of Q3, it will generate the pulse at the pin 3 and make speaker to ring alarm. Capacitor is connected in between the pin 3 of 555 timer and speaker because to block the DC signal and allow only the variations in the signal which make the speaker to make sound. The diode D2 will not allow any reverse current from the timer.  Because of the resistor R4 and capacitor C1, Q3 will get in cut- off after sometime and make the reset pin of 555timer in negative and speaker will stops making sound. The time for 555timer to make speaker sound depends on the values of C1 and R4.  When there is no rain, the aluminum wire of the sensor will not have any resistance or conduction cannot trigger the circuit.
• 7.
  7. ADVANTAGES  1.It is very cheap.   2. The battery last very much.   3. Not risky.   4. No harmful effect. 8. DISADVANTAGES-  It doesn’t tell about the speed of the rain which is fallen on the roof.  It will send signal or the led will be glowing until the detector becomes wet. 9. APPLICATION 1. In the irrigation, it will detect the rain and immediately alert the farmer. 2. In automobiles, when the rain detector detects the rain it will immediately active the wipers and inform to the driver. 10. CONCLUSION- It is cheap to make. This circuit help us to alarm from the rain. The circuit set’s in the laboratories, scientific society centres etc. The water sensor is set on the roof and when the rain water fall on it, the LED start glowing and the buzzer start beeping. By designing this circuit we can check the level of water.
• 8.
  11. PROTEOUS RESULT