Download to read offline
Uploaded byKanaidi ken
Problem Solving Skill in NEGOTIATION
The document explores problem-solving as a complex cognitive process and outlines steps and strategies for effective problem-solving. It highlights barriers to problem solving and presents tools such as SWOT analysis and the Six Thinking Hats method. The emphasis is on recognizing problems, evaluating alternatives, and making informed decisions, ultimately fostering mental and spiritual growth.
More Related Content
Similar to Problem Solving Skill in NEGOTIATION
More from Kanaidi ken
Problem Solving Skill in NEGOTIATION
- 2. Should I ConsiderMoving?
- 4. Scenario More students arefailing their courses this year compared to last year. Who is to blame?
- 5. Materi : ProblemSolving 4. Problem Solving Tools 1. What is Problem Solving? 2. Barriers to Effective Problem Solving 3. Problem Solving Process
- 6. “Problems call forthour courage and our wisdom; indeed, they create our courage and our wisdom. It is only because of problems that we grow mentally and spiritually.” - M. Scott Peck
- 8. Apa yang Anda LIHAT &Pikirkan?
- 9. What is ProblemSolving? Problem solving forms part of thinking. Considered the most complex of all intellectual functions, problem solving has been defined as higher-order cognitive process that requires the modulation and control of more routine or fundamental skills (Goldstein & Levin). It occurs if an organism or an artificial intelligence system does not know how to proceed from a given state to a desired goal state. It is part of the larger problem process that includes problem finding and problem shaping.
- 10. “He who asksa question may be a fool for five minutes, but he who never asks a question remains a fool forever.” - Tom Connelly
- 11. 7.2 Barriers toEffective Problem Solving Failure to recognize the problem Conceiving the problem too narrowly Making a hasty choice Failure to consider all consequences Failure to consider the feasibility of the solution XX
- 12. “It's not thatI'm so smart, it's just that I stay with problems longer.” - Albert Einstein
- 13. Problem Solving Process Acceptingthe Problem Step 1: What is the Problem? Step 2: What Are the Alternatives? Step 3: What Are the Advantages and/or Disadvantages of Each Alternative? Step 4: What Is the Solution? Step 5: How Well Is the Solution Working?
- 14. Accepting the Problem Tosolve a problem, you must first be willing to accept the problem by acknowledging that the problem exists and committing yourself to trying to solve it. Strategies to find the motivation and commitment to prepare you to enter the problem-solving process: 1. List the benefits. – how will solving the problem benefit you? 2. Formalize your acceptance.- formal commitment to solve problem 3. Accept responsibility for your life.- we have the potential to control the direction of our lives 4. Create a “worst-case” scenario.- what are potential disastrous consequences of your actions or inactions 5. Identify what’s holding you back.- what is preventing you from solving the problem?
- 15. Step 1: Whatis the Problem? Step 1A: What do I know about the situation? Step 1B: What results am I aiming for in this situation? Step 1C: How can I define the problem? View the problem from different perspectives. Identify component problems. State the problem clearly and specifically.
- 16. Step 2: WhatAre the Alternatives? Step 2A: What are the boundaries of the problem situation? Step 2B: What alternatives are possible within these boundaries? Discuss the problem with other people. Brainstorm ideas. Change your location.
- 17. Step 3: WhatAre the Advantages and/or Disadvantages of Each Alternative? Step 3A: What are the advantages of each alternative? Step 3B: What are the disadvantages of each alternative? Step 3C: What additional information do I need to evaluate each alternative?
- 18. Step 4: WhatIs the Solution? Step 4A: Which alternative(s) will I pursue? Evaluate and compare alternatives. Combine alternatives. Try out each alternative in your imagination. Step 4B: What steps can I take to act on the alternative(s) chosen?
- 19. Step 5: HowWell Is the Solution Working? Step 5A: What is my evaluation? Compare the results with the goals. Get other perspectives. Step 5B: What adjustments are necessary?
- 20. “Because I'm thinkingin a broader way, I feel like I am able to make better decisions.” - Takafumi Horie
- 21. Problem Solving Tools SWOT/TOWSAnalysis ParetoAnalysis Grid Analysis Decision Trees Six ThinkingHats Plus-Minus-Interesting(PMI) Cost Benefit Analysis etc.
- 22.
- 23. Opportunities ……….. ……….. ……….. ……….. Strengths ……….. ……….. ……….. Weaknesses ……….. ……….. ……….. Threates ……….. ……….. ……….. ……….. TOWS Analysis S-O Strategies ……….. ……….. ……….. W-O Strategies ……….. ……….. ……….. S-TStrategies ……….. ……….. ……….. TWOS Strategies ……….. ……….. ……….. W-T Strategies ……….. ……….. ………..
- 25.
- 26.
- 27. Decision Trees Analysis DecisionTrees Analysis
- 28.
- 29. Cost Benefit Analysis Paybacktime = $114,000 / $180,000 = 0.63 of a year = approx. 8 months
- 30. Six THINKING HATS SixTHINKING HATS
- 31. Edward de Bono “Thesix thinking hats is a method for doing one sort of thinking at a time.”
- 32.
- 33. Benefits of Using6 Thinking Hats Role-playing (Put the hat on, take the hat off, switch hats, and signal your thinking) Encourage creative, parallel and lateral thinking Improve communication Speed up decision making Avoid debate Detaching the Ego Occasional Use (Single Hat) Sequence Use
- 34. White Hat -Objective Facts, Figures, Data and Information Questions: What information do we have here? What information is missing? What information would we like to have? How are we going to get the information?
- 35. Red Hat –Feelings Feelings, Intuition, Emotions and Hunches No need to justify the feelings. How do I feel about this right now? Examples: My gut-feeling is that this will not work. I don't like the way this is being done. This proposal is terrible. My intuition tells me that prices will fall soon. • Perasaan saya adalah bahwa ini tidak akan berhasil. • Saya tidak suka cara ini dilakukan. • Proposal ini sangat buruk. • Intuisi saya memberi tahu saya bahwa harga akan segera turun. Tidak perlu membenarkan perasaan. Bagaimana perasaan saya tentang ini sekarang?
- 36. Black Hat -Negative Caution, Difficulty, Judgment and Assessment Questions: Is this true? Will it work? What are the weaknesses? What is wrong with it? Critical Thinking Hat
- 37. Yellow Hat -Positive Benefits, Feasibility and Optimism Questions: Why is this worth doing? What are the benefits? Why can it be done? Why will it work?
- 38. Green Hat -Creative Creative Ideas, Alternatives, Suggestions, and Proposals Questions: Are there any additional alternatives? Could we do this in a different way? Could there be another explanation? What are some possible solutions and courses of action? Creative Thinking Hat
- 39. Blue Hat -Process Sums up what is learned. Organization of thinking. Thinking about the thinking process (Reflection). Examples: Set the agenda. Suggest the next steps. Ask for other hats. Ask for summaries, conclusions, and decisions. Meta-Cognition Hat
- 40. Sequence Use –Seeking an Idea White Gather available information. Green Explore and generate alternatives. Yellow Assess the benefits and feasibility of each alternative. Black Assess the weaknesses of each alternative. Green Further develop the most promising alternatives and make a choice. Blue Summarize and assess what has been achieved so far. Black Make the final judgment on the chosen alternative. Red Find out the feelings on the outcome.
- 41. Sequence Use –Reacting to a Presented Idea Red Find out the existing feelings about the idea. Yellow Find out the benefits in the idea. Black Point out the weaknesses, problems and dangers in the idea. Green See if the idea can be modified to strengthen the yellow-hat benefits and to overcome the black-hat problems. White See if available information can help in modifying the idea to make it more acceptable. Green Develop the final suggestion. Black Judge the final suggestion. Red Find out the feeling on the outcome.
- 42. Sequence Use –Short Sequences Yellow/Black/Red: Quick assessment (idea) White/Green: Generate ideas Black/Green: Improve an existing idea Blue/Green: Summarize & suggest alternatives Blue/Yellow: Any benefits? (e.g. the idea) Etc… “...Be open-minded and creative about the sequence use, too!”
- 43. www.slideshare.net/kenkanaidi (Narasumber) www.ken-spektakuler.blogspot.com e-mail: [email protected] Fax. 022-4267749HP. 0812 2353 284 WA. 0877 5871 1905 www.antawijaya.com