Presentation1 rishu micropropagation.pptx

Presentation1 rishu micropropagation.pptx

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  VEER KUNWAR SINGHCOLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE COURSE TITTLE:-MICRO-PROPAGATION TECHNOLOGIES COURSE CODE:-AHT-311 SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:- NANDITA MAM NAME:-RISHU RAJ DR.PAWAN SUKLA ROLLNO.-54/VKSCOA/2021-22
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  Advantages of planttissue culture 1. The plantlets are obtained in a very short time with a small amount of plant tissue. 2. The new plants produced are disease-free. 3. The plants can be grown throughout the year, irrespective of the season. 4. A large space is not required to grow plants by tissue culture technique. 5. The production of new varieties in the market place speeds up. 6. This technique is being used for the production of ornamental plants such as dahlia, chrysanthemum, orchids, etc.
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  TYPES OF PLANTTISSUE CULTURE
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  Types of tissueculture Callus culture: Callus culture may be defined as production and maintenance of an unorganized mass of proliferative cell from isolated plant cell, tissue or organ by growing them on artificial nutrient medium in glass vials under controlled aseptic conditions. Organ culture: That may allow differentiation and preservation of the architecture. The organ culture refers to the in vitro culture and maintenance of an excised organ primordial or whole or part of an organ in way and function. Single cell culture: Single cell culture is a method of growing isolated single cell aseptically on nutrient medium under controlled condition. Suspension culture: Suspension culture is a type of culture in which single cell or small aggregates of cell multiply while suspended in agitated liquid medium. Suspension cultures are used in induction of somatic embryos and shoots, production of secondary metabolites, in vitro mutagenesis, selection of mutants and genetic transformation studies. Embryo culture: Embryo culture may be defined as aseptic isolation of embryo (of different developmental stages) from the bulk of maternal tissue of mature seed or capsule and in vitro culture under aseptic and controlledphysical condition in glass vials containing nutrient semisolid or liquid medium to grow directly into plantlet. Anther culture: Androgenesis is the in vitro development of haploid plants originating from potent pollen grains through a series of cell division and differentiation.
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  Pollen culture: Pollenculture is the in vitro technique by which the pollengrains (preferably at the microscope stages) are squeezed from the intact anther and then cultured on nutrient medium where the microspores without producing male gametes. Somatic Embryogenesis: Somatic embryogenesis is the process of a single or group of cells initiating the development pathway that leads to reproducible regeneration of non zygotic embryos capable of germinating to form complete plants. Protoplast Culture: It is the culture of isolated protoplasts which are naked plant cells surrounded by plasma membrane which is potentially capable of cell wall regeneration, cell division, growth and plant regeneration on suitable medium under aseptic condition Shoot tip and Meristem culture: The tips of shoots (which contain the shoot apical meristem) can be cultured in vitro producing clumps of shoots from either axillary or adventitious buds. This method can, be used for clonal propagation. Explant Culture: There are variety of forms of seed plants viz., trees, herbs, grasses, which exhibit the basic morphological units i.e. root, stem and leaves. Parenchyma is the most versatile of all types of tissues. They are capable of division and growth.
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  Types OF PLANTTISSUE CULTURE Embryo culture 1.Shortening breeding cycles 2. Overcoming incompatibility 3.Overcoming seed dormancy and self sterility of seeds 4.Production of monoploids 5. For development of callus culture Meristem culture 1. Eliminating pathogens 2. Mass cloning of plants 3. Germplasm collection 4.Cryopreservation 5.Facilitation of international exchange 6.Phytosanitary transport
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  Callus culture 1.Cloning of plants 2.Creation of genetic variants 3.Elimination of pathogens 4.Source of protoplasts 5.Production of secondary metabolites 6.For mutagenic studies Anther culture 1.Production of homozygotes 2.Mutation induction 3.Production of haploids Protoplast culture 1.Somatic hybridization 2.Transformation studies 3. Production of organelle recombinants 4.Transfer of CMS (cytoplasmic male sterility in elite lines) 5. Creation of genetic variants
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  Seed culture 1.Increasingefficiency of germination in seed which are difficult to germinate in vitro. 2.Precious germination by application of plant growth regulators 3.Induction of multiple shoot formation and organogenesis by the application of plant growth indicator 4.Elimination of viruses as seeds do no carry viruses Ovary/ovule culture 1.Production of haploid plants 2.Achieving in vitro fertilization 3.Recovery of hybrid embryos 4.overcoming embryo abortion at early stages of development of zygote due to incompatibility
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  Organ Culture 1.Productionof distant hybrids avoiding style and stigmatic incompatibility that inhibits pollen germination and pollen tube growth 2. Production of transgenics by infecting exogenous DNA in gametes and zygotes. Somatic Embryogenesis 1.Production of artificial seeds 2. Mass multiplication of germplasm 3. For genetic transformation Organogenesis 1. Conservation of endangered genotypes at normal or minus zero temperatures. 2.Mass multiplication of germplasm Cell culture and in vitro selection at cellular level 1. Over production of secondary metabolites 2.Over production of primary metabolites 3.Induction and selection of useful mutants in less time and space
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  Application of planttissue culture I. Crop improvement II. Horticulture III.Synthetic seeds production IV.Forestry V. Propagation of rare plant VI.Shortening of breeding cycle VII.Production of disease-free plants