Presentation1

Presentation1

• 1.
  The Additive Manufacturing(AM)
• 2.
  Definition: It is definedas the process of joining materials to make objects from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing methodologies.
• 3.
  General principles: 1.Modeling 2.Printing 3.Finishing 1. Modeling: modelsmay be created with a Computer Aided Design (CAD) package, via a 3D scanner, or by a plain digital camera and photogrammetry software
• 4.
  2.Printing  Elimination oferrors from STL file using “repair” command  The model is converted into series of thin layers using “Slicer”
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  3.Finishing The model isprinted slightly oversized than required then metal is removed in order to obtain higher precision
• 6.
  Some of thematerials used in additive manufacturing are Plastics  ABS - acrylonitile butadiene styrene  PLA - polylactic acid  PVA - polyvinyl alcohol  PC – polycarbonate  SOFT PLA - polylactic acid Metals  Steel  Stainless steel  Titanium  Gold  Silver
• 7.
  Advantages of AM Faster, cheaper, more flexible, and easier manufacturing and design processes  Lower defect rate and higher quality consistency  Less material waste in production steps  Weight reduction  No assembly required  Waste reduction  Eliminating of tooling
• 8.
  Disadvantages of AM Slow build rates  High production costs  Considerable effort in application design and setting process parameters  Requires post-processing  Discontinuous production process  Limited component size/small build volume  Poor mechanical properties
• 9.
  Applications of AM •Cloud-based additive manufacturing • Mass customization • Rapid manufacturing • Rapid prototyping • Research • Food • Medical applications • Agile tooling
• 10.
  Types of AM 1)MaterialExtrusion (FDM) 2)Material Jetting (Objet, Solidscape, 3D systems) 3)Binder jetting (Z-corp, Voxeljet) 4)Sheet lamination (LOM, PLT) 5)Vat photo polymerization (SLA, DLP) 6)Powder bed fusion (SLS, SLM, EBM) 7)Direct Energy Deposition
• 11.
  Material Extrusion (FDM) FDMwas developed by Stratasys, Inc. of Eden Prairie, MN, in the early 1990s Process fabricates the parts by extruding molten thermoplastic material through a small nozzle to form a thin bead or road that is deposited in a predetermined manner The FDMs can be equipped to build with investment casting wax, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic, medical grade ABS thermoplastic, and/or Elastomer Currently ABS is used in most of the cases
• 12.
  Figure Shows aFBM 3000 (a photo of FBM 3000 by Stratasys)
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  Path generation CAD filepreparation:  QS software is used to convert the STL file so that the machine(FDM) can read it.  The STL file is read into QS, and is displayed graphically on screen in the Cartesian coordinate system (x, y, and z) Slicing:  thickness is decided based on the geometry of CAD model  Slicing is a software operation that creates thin, horizontal cross sections of the STL file
• 14.
   plastic filamentis heated to a malleable state and extruded through a nozzle then deposited on the surface.  In order to create a part, a CAD model is sliced into layers.
• 15.
   The nozzleuses g-code to draw each layer, one at a time, with the heated plastic, which then cools and transitions back into a solid state.  The nozzle follows a tool-path controlled by a computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software (G- codes)
• 16.
  Advantages:  Excellent surfacefinish  High strength material properties  Availability of transparent materials  High build speed  Low, predictable shrinkage factors for resins
• 17.
  Disadvantages: Degradation from prolongedUV exposure Post-Curing UV process required Limited biocompatibility for prolonged contact