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plum breeding techniques kiran
- 3. UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURALAND HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES, SHIVAMOGGA COLLEGEOFHORTICULTURE , HIRIYUR SUBMITED TO , THE COURSE TEACHER ASST. PROFESSOR OF FRUIT BREEDING SUBMITED BY, kiran .S. M BH4TAE021 3rd BSC(HORT)
- 4. Topic: Breeding techniquesin plum
- 6. Scientific classification: S.N :Prunus domestica Kingdom:Plantae Order: Rosales Family: Rosaceae Subfamily: Maloideae or Spiraeoideae Genus: Prunus Subgenus: Prunus
- 7. A plumis a stone fruit tree in the genus Prunus, subgenus Prunus. The subgenus is distinguished from other subgenera (peaches, cherries, bird cherries, etc). Dried plum fruits are called dried plums or prunes. European plums have a much better and more interesting range of flavours than the 'Japanese' plums usually found in supermarkets.
- 8. Mature plumfruit may have a dusty-white coating that gives them a glaucous appearance; this is easily rubbed off.
- 9. Grafted plumtrees are capable of bearing large crops from 1 year after planting. They make delightful ornamental trees due to their mass display of white blossoms during August. Most garden plum trees in Northern Europe are of this species, and they are well suited to temperate climates, being hardier than the Japanese varieties and flowering later. While European plums do not store particularly well, the fruit usually ripens over a 1-2 week period, during which time the tree can be picked daily to ensure a steady supply of fruit.
- 10. 1. European plums- Prunus domestica Worldwide, this is one of the main species grown. Fruit are generally oval, smaller, and more variable in color than Japanese plums. In the USA, P. domestica is used for prunes or fruit cocktail or other products, and rarely eaten fresh. 2. Japanese plums - P. salicina Lindl and hybrids. These are the most common fresh eating plums in the USA.They are larger, rounder (or heart shaped), and firmer than European plums and are primarily grown for fresh market.
- 11. Flowers aresimilar in morphology to peach, but white, smaller, and have longer pedicels. Flowers are borne mostly in umbel-like clusters of 2-3 individuals on short spurs, and solitary or 2-3 in axils of 1-yr-old wood. European plums bloom much later than Japanese types, and are therefore less frost prone. Both self-pollinating and cross-pollinating varieties are available and exhibit very different characteristics.
- 13. Many plumvarietes are self-fertile or partially self- fertile and do not need a pollination partner. For plum varieties that are not self-fertile, another plum tree of a different variety, flowering at the same time is usually planted all that is necessary to ensure good pollination and heavy crops.
- 14. The mainobjective of plum is…. Improvement programmer for subtropical regions are the early maturity cultivar with low chilling requirement. Tolerant to high temperature and drafting root stocks tolerant to saline. Large fruited, free stone, juice with proper TSS/Acid ratio suitable for processing. Resistant /tolerant to insect, pest & disease. Salable fruit of plum must be attractive in colour, adequate size & acceptable flavor and texture.
- 15. Introduction &Selection : A large number of plum varieties have been introduced from different countries. Of these, Santa Rosa, Sutlej Purple are important commercial cultivars found suitable for mid hills of North Western Himalayas. Other methods of breeding are not yet followed in this crop in India.
- 16. PRESIDENT, EARLYITALIAN, RED PLUM, FRONTIER, DIURET, FRIAR, QUEEN, ANNA, NUBINA.
- 17. Plum germplasmconsist primarily of local selection and cultivars, plus a small amount of wild accessions. Because most of the plum breeding programs are for cultiver development and use primarily adopted, improved parents, it is little evolution of wild peach germplasm. P.salicina, major collection from China. Several European institutions have large collection of European Plum . Most of the wild germplasm of plum have been collected form National Clonal Gemplasm Repository,Davis California, U.S.A