Mathematics Final Assignment Statistic Sept 2015

FOUNDATION IN NATURAL AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT (FNBE)
MATHEMATIC [MTH30104]
PROJECT 2 : STATISTIC
Group Members : Goh Jia Jun 0323302
Alison Tang Ing Ee 0323705
Carol Tang Ngie Bing 0323963
Joey Lay Xin Jun 0323965
Joshua Lim Sie Khai 0323959
Vun Tze Lin 0323301

TABLE OF CONTENT
No Title Page Number
1 Introduction 1
2 Objectives 2
3 Methodology 3-4
4 Survey Questionnaires 5-7
5 Statistical Analysis 8-28
6 Conclusion 29

Page | 1
INTRODUCTION
Leukemia is a type of cancers that usually begin from the bone marrow and
usually result in large numbers of abnormal white blood cells. Leukemia may lead to
symptoms such as bleeding, bruising problems, feeling tired, fever and an increased
risk of infections. The exact cause of leukemia is still unknown, those people with
family history of leukemia will have a higher risk. Treatment may involve some
combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy and bone
marrow transplant. The successful of treatment depends on the type of leukemia
and the age of the patient. According to record, the average five year survival rate in
the US is 57%, children with age under 15 has higher survival rate which is greater
than 60 to 85%, depends on the type of leukemia. In 2012, leukemia developed in
352,000 people globally and caused 265,000 deaths.
For this assignment, with a group of six members, Goh Jia Jun, Joshua Lim,
Joey Lau, Rainnie Vun, Alison Tang and Carol Tang, we were assigned to study the
understanding level of female and male students in Taylor’s University on one of the
common chronic diseases in Malaysia, which we chose Leukemia for it, assuming
Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (Malaysia Health Ministry) had engaged us to
conduct a survey. After few meetings and done on the researches, we came out
with 20 questions in total, and asking about the basic knowledge of Leukemia.

Page | 2
OBJECTIVE
By conductingdata and organizingreport for this assignment, we had the opportunity to
analyseand solveproblems that involvevarious mathematical principles.This assignmentalso
enables us to apply the knowledge gained to analysestatistical data and drawa perfect conclusion
from the survey forms collected. It also allows us to understand and apply mathematical principles
involved.Whiledoingthe researches to conductthe survey, we had the chance to understand more
about Leukemia. Most importantly, the main purpose of doingthis survey is to identify the
understandings of people on the factors,effects and some basic knowledge of leukemia based on
their own knowledge about it. We hope to create the awareness of people towards Leukemia as itis
a quite common type of cancer in our country and may causedeath.

Page | 3
Methodology
Asking participates to fill up the survey form
Analyzing the survey forms
On 3rd of january, westarted to distribute our questionate survey
formaround Taylo’s University LakesideCampus. We distrinuted a total
of 143 questinate formto female and 157 to male. Each of our group
members was reponsible to distribute 50 pieces of the questionate
survey form. Wewalk aourd the campus and went to the places such as
the library, architecturestudio which we found that a lot of FNBE
students was doing their assignmentat that time and asked for help to
fill up the survey formfor us.

Page | 4
After we got back all the survey form, westart on analysis every
answer wegot, highlight the correctone and count the the number of
students who got the correctanswer and put the information we got
into the poster.

Page | 5
Survey Questionnaires
We are students from Foundation in Natural & Built Environment are conducting a survey to study
the understanding level of male and female students in Taylor's University on one of the common
chronic disease, leukemia in Malaysia
1. What is your gender?
⃝ Male ⃝ Female
2. What is leukemia?
⃝ Long term and gradual decrease in the ability to think and
remember
⃝ Cancer of the bone cells
⃝ A joint disorder
⃝ Lack of calcium in bone
3. Have your family suffered fromleukemia?
⃝ Yes
⃝ No
4. Where are blood cells produced?
⃝ Bone ⃝ Bone marrow
⃝ Brain ⃝ Heart
5. Which component of blood most often affectedby leukemia?
⃝ Red blood cell ⃝ Platelet
⃝ White blood cell ⃝ Blood plasma
6. How many main component of blood is produced by bone marrow?
⃝ 3 ⃝ 5
⃝ 4 ⃝ 6
7. How many major type of leukemia is classified?
⃝ 2 ⃝ 4
⃝ 3 ⃝ 5
8. What are the symptoms of leukemia?
⃝ Headache
⃝ Pain in bones and joints
⃝ Blood is not able to clot normally
⃝ Fever with chills and sweating
⃝ Frequent nosebleeds

Page | 6
9. Which type of leukemia are most common in children?
⃝ Acute lymphocytic leukemia ⃝ Chronic lymphocytic
leukemia
⃝ Acute myeloid leukemia
10.Down syndrome will increase a child’s risk of developing leukemia?
⃝ Yes
⃝ No
11.People with a family history of leukemia will get a higher risk of
developing leukemia?
⃝ Yes
⃝ No
12.If one of the identical twin develops leukemia, what is the
percentage of another twin will getting leukemia?
⃝ 20% ⃝ 40%
⃝ 30% ⃝ 50%
13.Which gender more likely to suffer from leukemia?
⃝ Male ⃝ Both
⃝ Female
14.Getting too much sun exposure will increase risk of leukemia?
⃝ Yes
⃝ No
15.Is there any absolute way to prevent leukemia?
⃝ Yes
⃝ No
16.Can leukemia be cured?
⃝ Yes
⃝ No
17.Besides leukemia, is there any cancer that affect bloodcells?
⃝ Yes
⃝ No
18.What is Malaysia's ranking in death caused by leukemia?
⃝ 18th ⃝ 36th
⃝ 27th
⃝ 45th

Page | 7
19.Smoking will increase the risk of getting leukemia?
⃝ Yes
⃝ No
20.Is it possible to get leukemia by sharing needles with somebody who
has leukemia?
⃝ Yes
⃝ No

Page | 8
Statistical Analysis
1.What is your gender?
Gender Number of students
Female 143
Male 157
2. What is leukemia?
135
140
145
150
155
160
Gender
Gender
Female Male

Page | 9
Mode = Cancer of the blood cells
Leukemia is a group of cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and resultin high numbers of
abnormal white blood cells.
Percentage of students who answered the question correctly
Female : 131 / 143 x 100% = 91.61%
Male : 120 / 157 x 100% = 76.43%
Total : 251 / 300 x 100% = 83.67%
3. Has your family member suffered from leukemia?
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Long term and gradual
decrease in time
Cancer of blood cells A joint disorder Lack of calcium in bone
What is leukemia?
Female Male
Gender
Number of Students
Long term and gradual decrease in
the ability to think and remember
Cancer of the blood
cells
A joint
disorder
Lack of calcium in
bone
Female 5 131 5 2
Male 20 120 6 11

Page | 10
Gender
Number of Students
Yes No
Female 10 133
Male 24 133
Percentage of students whose family member suffered from leukemia
Female : 10 / 143 x 100% = 6.9%
Male : 24 / 157 x 100% = 15.29%
Total : 34 / 300 x 100% = 11.33%
4. Where are blood cells produced?
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Yes No
Have your familymember suffered from
leukemia?
Female Male

Page | 11
Gender
Number of Students
Bone Bone Marrow Brain Heart
Female 8 124 4 7
Male 20 122 8 7
Mode : Bone Marrow
Leukemia is a group of cancers thatusually begin in the bone marrow and resultin high numbers of
abnormal white blood cells.
Female : 124 / 143 x 100% = 86.71%
Male : 122 / 157 x 100% = 77.71%
Total : 246 / 300 x 100% = 82.00%
5. Which component of blood most often affected by leukemia?
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Bone Bone Marrow Brain Heart
Where are blood cells produced?
Female Male

Page | 12
Gender
Number of Students
Red blood cell White blood cell Platelet Blood plasma
Female 8 124 4 7
Male 20 122 8 7
Mode : White blood cell
Leukemia is a group of cancers thatusually begin in the bone marrow and resultin high numbers of
abnormal white blood cells. These white blood cells arenot fully developed and are called blasts or
leukemia cells.
Female : 121 / 143 x 100% = 84.62%
Male : 106 / 157 x 100% = 67.52%
Total : 227 / 300 x 100% = 75.67%
6. How many main component of blood is produced by bone marrow?
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Red blood cell White blood cell Platelet Blood plasma
Which componentof blood most often
affected by leukemia?
Female Male

Page | 13
Gender
Number of Students
3 4 5 6
Female 71 42 21 9
Male 86 32 22 17
Mode : 3
The two types of bone marrow are "red marrow" which consists mainly of hematopoietic tissue,and
"yellow marrow’’ which is mainly madeup of fat cells. Red blood cells, platelets, and most white
blood cells arisein red marrow. Both types of bone marrow contain numerous blood vessels and
capillaries.
Female : 71 / 143 x 100% = 49.65%
Male : 86 / 157 x 100% = 54.78%
Total : 157 / 300 x 100% = 52.33%
7. How many major type of leukemia is classified?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
3 4 5 6
How many main component of blood is
produced by bone marrow?
Female Male

Page | 14
Gender
Number of Students
2 3 4 5
Female 48 36 50 9
Male 60 62 24 11
Mode of female : 4
Mode of male : 3
The four major types of leukemia are Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Chronic lymphocytic leukemia,
Acute myelogenous leukemia and Chronic myelogenous leukemia. Acute leukemia is characterized
by a rapid increasein the number of immature blood cells.Chronic leukemia is characterized by the
excessivebuildup of relatively mature, but still abnormal,whiteblood cells.
Female : 50 / 143 x 100% = 34.97%
Male : 24 / 157 x 100% = 15.29%
Total : 74 / 300 x 100% = 24.67%
8. What are the symptoms of leukemia?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2 3 4 5
How many major type of leukemia is
classified?
Female Male

Page | 15
Gender
Number of Students
headache Pain in bones
and joints
Blood is not able to
clot normally
Fever with chills
and sweating
Frequent
nosebleeds
Female 23 59 71 52 53
Male 31 73 73 64 45
Mode : Blood is not ableto clotnormally
Leukemia results in the accumulation of cancer cells in thebone marrow and blood. The presence of
largenumbers of abnormal cells in thebone marrow can inhibitthe marrow from producingnormal
healthy blood cells. These causepain in bones and joints, fever with chills and sweating and frequent
nosebleeds. Leukemia or myelodysplasticsyndromes (MDS) can cause bone or joint pain, usually
because the bone marrow has become overcrowded with cancer cells.At times, these cells may form
a mass near the spinal cord's nerves or in the joints.Absent of blood cells cannothelp the body fight
infections and caused fever with chills. Sweating occurs becauseleukemia gives the patient a high
temperature and their body sweats to try and reduce it. People with leukemia often have less than
the normal amount of healthy red blood cells and platelets.As a result,there are not enough red
blood cells to carry oxygen through the body. With this condition,called anemia,patients may look
paleand feel weak and tired. When there are not enough platelets, patients bleed and bruiseeasily
which causenosebleeds easily.
Percentage of students who choose ‘Pain in bones and joints’correctly
Female : 59 / 143 x 100% = 41.26%
Male : 73 / 157 x 100% = 46.50%
Total : 132 / 300 x 100% = 44.00%
Percentage of students who choose ‘Fever with chillsand sweating’correctly
Female : 52 / 143 x 100% = 36.36%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Headache Pain in bones and
joint
Blood is not able to
clot normally
Fever with chills and
sweating
Frequent
nosebleeds
What are the symptoms of leukemia?
Female Male

Page | 16
Male : 64 / 157 x 100% = 40.76%
Total : 116 / 300 x 100% = 38.67%
Percentage of students who choose ‘Frequent nosebleeds’correctly
Female : 53 / 143 x 100% = 37.06%
Male : 45 / 157 x 100% = 28.66%
Total : 98 / 300 x 100% = 32.67%
9. Which type of leukemia aremost common in children?

Page | 17
Gender
Number of Students
Acute lymphocytic
leukemia
Acute myeloid leukemia Chronic lymphocytic
leukemia
Female 83 32 28
Male 80 38 39
Mode : Acute lymphocytic leukemia
Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), the most common type of childhood leukemia,develops from
early forms of lymphocytes. It can startin either early B cells or T cells atdifferent stages of maturity.
Although both B cells and T cells can develop into leukemia, B-cell leukemias aremuch more common
than T-cell leukemias.
Female : 83 / 143 x 100% = 58.04%
Male : 80 / 157 x 100% = 50.96%
Total : 163 / 300 x 100% = 54.33%
10. Down syndrome will increasea child’s risk of developingleukemia?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Acute lymphocytic leukemia Acute myeloid leukemia Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Which type of leukemia are mostcommon in children?
Female Male

Page | 18
Gender
Number of Students
Yes No
Female 58 85
Male 57 100
Mode : No
Some inherited disorders such as Down syndrome increase a child’s risk of developing leukemia.
Children with Down syndrome have an extra (third) copy of chromosome 21. They are many times
more likely to develop either acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) than
are other children,with an overall risk of about2% to 3%.
Female : 58 / 143 x 100% = 40.56%
Male : 57 / 157 x 100% = 36.31%
Total : 115 / 300 x 100% = 38.33%
11. People with a family history of leukemia will get a higher risk of developing leukemia?
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Yes No
Which type of leukemia are mostcommon in children?
Female Male

Page | 19
Gender
Number of Students
Yes No
Female 125 18
Male 125 32
Mode : Yes
Most leukemias have no familial link butif one of the members of the family has been diagnosed with
leukemia, the other members’ risk for the disease maybe increased compared to others. Genetic risk
factors arethose that are partof our DNA. They are most often inherited from our parents.
Female : 125 / 143 x 100% = 87.41%
Male : 125 / 157 x 100% = 79.62%
Total : 250 / 300 x 100% = 83.33%
12. If one of the identical twins develops leukemia,what is the percentage of another twin will get
leukemia?
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Yes No
People with a family history of leukemia will get a higher
risk of developing leukemia?
Female Male

Page | 20
Gender
Number of Students
20% 30% 40% 50%
Female 15 28 24 76
Male 15 35 20 87
Mode : 50%
The risk is much higher among identical twins.If one twin develops childhood leukemia,the other
twin has about a 1 in 5 chance (20%) of getting leukemia as well. This risk is much higher if leukemia
develops in the firstyear of life.
Female : 15 / 143 x 100% = 10.49%
Male : 15 / 157 x 100% = 9.55%
Total : 30 / 300 x 100% = 10.00%
13. Which gender more likely to suffer from leukemia?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
20% 30% 40% 50%
If one of the identical twin develops leukemia, what is
the percentageof another twin will getting leukemia?
Female Male

Page | 21
Gender
Number of Students
Male Female Both
Female 41 23 79
Male 28 45 84
Mode : Both
Leukemia occurs more often in men than women and is more common among white people than
other races.Men aremore likely to develop CML, CLL, and AML than women.
Female : 41 / 143 x 100% = 28.67%
Male : 28 / 157 x 100% = 17.83%
Total : 69 / 300 x 100% = 23.00%
14. Getting too much sun exposure will increasethe risk of leukemia?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Male Female Both
Which gender more likely to suffer from leukemia?
Female Male

Page | 22
Gender
Number of Students
Yes No
Female 45 98
Male 53 104
Mode : No
Getting too much UV radiation fromthe sun exposure is a one of the risk factors for getting
leukemia. For more than 50 years,there has been documentation in the medical literaturesuggesting
that regular sun exposure is associated with substantial decreases in death rates from certain cancers
and a decrease in overall cancer death rates.
Female : 45 / 143 x 100% = 31.47%
Male : 53 / 157 x 100% = 33.76%
Total : 97 / 300 x 100% = 32.33%
15. Is there any absoluteway to prevent leukemia?
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Yes No
Getting too much sun exposurewill increaserisk of
leukemia?
Female Male

Page | 23
Gender Number of Students
Yes No
Female 57 86
Male 68 89
Mode : No
There is no way to prevent most forms of leukemia. In the future, genetic testing may help identify
people who are more likely to develop the illness.Until then, closerelatives of people with leukemia
should haveroutine physical exams.
Female : 86 / 143 x 100% = 60.14%
Male : 89 / 157 x 100% = 56.69%
Total : 175/ 300 x 100% = 58.33%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Yes No
Is thereany absolute way to preventLeukemia?
Female Male

Page | 24
16. Can Leukemia can be cured?
Gender Number of students
Yes No
Female 87 56
Male 90 67
Mode : Yes
Leukemia can be managed or cured with treatments availabletoday.However, chronic leukemia can
seldom be cured. Most patients with leukemia aretreated with chemotherapy. Some also may have
radiation therapy and/or bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or biological therapy.
Female : 87 / 143 x 100% = 60.84%
Male : 90 / 157 x 100% = 57.32%
Total : 177/ 300 x 100% = 59.00%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Yes No
Can Leukemia can be cured?
Female Male

Page | 25
17. Besides leukemia, is there any cancer that affect blood cells?
Yes No
Female 111 32
Male 123 34
Mode : Yes
Yes. There is another cancer besides Leukemia that affect the blood cells such as Lymphoma and
Myeloma. Lymphoma is a type of blood cancer that affects the lymphatic system, which removes
excess fluids fromyour body and produces immune cells and over time, these cancerous cel ls impair
your immune system. . While,Myeloma is a cancer of the plasma cellsthataffect the fighting
antibodies in the body leavingyour body's immune system weakened and susceptibleto infection.
Female : 111 / 143 x 100% = 77.62%
Male : 123 / 157 x 100% = 78.34%
Total :234 / 300 x 100% = 78.00%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Yes No
Besides Leukemia, is there any cancer that affect blood
cells?
Female Male

Page | 26
18. What is Malaysia'srankingin death caused by leukemia?
18th 27th 36th 45th
Female 31 48 42 22
Male 36 57 38 26
Mode : 27th
The Malaysia’s rankingin death caused by Leukemia is 27th in Malaysia.
Female : 48 / 143 x 100% = 33.57%
Male : 57 / 157 x 100% = 36.31%
Total : 105 / 300 x 100% = 35.00%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
18th 27th 36th 45th
What is Malaysia's ranking in death caused by Leukemia?
Female Male

Page | 27
19. Will smoking increasethe risk of getting leukemia?
Yes No
Female 56 87
Male 65 92
Mode : No
Smoking cigarettes can increase your risk of developing leukaemia. Researchers estimate that
smokingdoubles or triples your risk of AML. But the risk quickly drops if you stop smoking. Smoking
may accountfor up to 17 out of 100 cases (17%) of myeloid leukaemia.There is benzene in cigarette
smoke and this is likely to be a significantcause.
Female : 56 / 143 x 100% = 39.16%
Male : 65 / 157 x 100% = 41.40%
Total :121 / 300 x 100% = 40.33%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Yes No
Smoking will increase the risk of getting leukemia?
Female Male

Page | 28
20. Is itpossibleto get leukemia by sharingneedles with somebody who has leukemia?
Yes No
Female 62 81
Male 65 92
Mode : No
No. Scientists haveproved that Leukemia and other cancer cannot be spread from one person to
another.
Female : 81 / 143 x 100% = 56.64%
Male : 92 / 157 x 100% = 58.60%
Total :173 / 300 x 100% = 57.67%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Yes No
Is it possibleto get Leukemia by sharing needles with
somebody who has leukemia?
Female Male

Page | 29
Conclusion
After gatheringand tabulatingthe data gathered from all 300 survey forms,it was concluded
that, based on the students in Taylor’s University LakesideCampus, 91.61% of female participants
understand about what leukemia is whileonly 76.43% of male understand what is leukemia.This
showed that female participants gotthe greatest understandingabout leukemia when compare to
male participants.Fromthe questions asked in the survey, it was found that question 12, which was
about what is the percentage of another twin will get leukemia if one of the identical twin develops
leukemia , and question 13, which was about which gender more likely to suffer from leukemia,
proved to be questions that were the most common to be answered incorrectly by majority of the
participants.For question 12, only 10.49% of female participants gotitright, whileonly 9.55% of male
participantsgotthe correct answer. For question 13, the data showed that 28.6% of female
participantsgotthe question rightand only 17.83% of male participants gotitright. This shows that
both maleand female students from Taylor’s University LakesideCampus were lackingthe knowledge
in this sector. To improve student’s knowledge through leukemia, itwould be recommended to do
some campaigns aboutleukemia disease.

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