Lecture 11 (Virtualization and Load Balancer).pptx

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UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF
COMPUTING
Master of Computer Applications(CC& Devops)
Cloud Computing
Virtualization
DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

2
Course outcome
Cloud Computing
Virtualization: Concept of
virtualization, Taxonomy of
Virtualization Techniques,
Hypervisor and its types, Pros and
cons of Virtualization, Virtual
Machine provisioning and
lifecycle, Load Balancing and its
algorithms.
CO Course Outcomes Level
1 Apply the fundamental and essential
concepts of Cloud Computing in
deploying web applications.
Understand
2 Analyze the various cloud service
providers on the basis of
requirements and constraints.
Understand
3 Implement the fundamental
concepts of cloud storage and
demonstrate their use in storage
systems such as Microsoft Azure.
Excellent
4 Design and implement the concept
of traffic manager and perform load
balancing in cloud environment.
Good
5 Simulate concepts of virtualization
and its migration over the cloud.
Understand

Syllabus
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UNIT II
Resource Management: Introduction, resource provisioning and
scheduling. Resource scheduling algorithms.
Virtualization: Concept of virtualization, Taxonomy of Virtualization
Techniques, Hypervisor and its types, Pros and cons of Virtualization,
Virtual Machine provisioning and lifecycle, Load Balancing and its
algorithms.
Traffic Manager: Introduction, Benefits, Types, Managing traffic
between datacenters.
VM Migration: Introduction, Approaches, seven step model of migration
into cloud, Migration risks and mitigation.

Virtualization
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Virtualization is the "creation of a virtual (rather than actual)
version of something, such as a server, a desktop, a storage
device, an operating system or network resources".

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Virtualization is a technique, which allows to share a single physical instance
of a resource or an application among multiple customers and organizations. It
does by assigning a logical name to a physical storage and providing a pointer
to that physical resource when demanded.

Virtualization
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Creation of a virtual machine over existing operating system
and hardware is known as Hardware Virtualization. A Virtual
machine provides an environment that is logically separated
from the underlying hardware.
The machine on which the virtual machine is going to create is
known as Host Machine and that virtual machine is referred as
a Guest Machine

Types of Virtualization
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Hardware Virtualization
• When the virtual machine software or virtual machine
manager (VMM) is directly installed on the hardware system is
known as hardware virtualization.
• The main job of hypervisor is to control and monitoring the
processor, memory and other hardware resources.
• After virtualization of hardware system we can install different
operating system on it and run different applications on those OS.
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• Hardware virtualization is the creation of virtual versions of
computers, operating systems, or their components. It uses a
software layer called a hypervisor or a virtual machine monitor to
provide abstracted hardware to multiple guest operating systems.
Hardware virtualization allows you to run different operating
systems on the same physical computer and share the physical
hardware resources more efficiently. It can improve the
performance and lower the costs of computing.
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Operating System Virtualization
When the virtual machine software or virtual machine
manager (VMM) is installed on the Host operating system instead of
directly on the hardware system is known as operating system
virtualization.
Usage:
Operating System Virtualization is mainly used for testing the
applications on different platforms of OS.
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Operating System Virtualization
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Server Virtualization
When the virtual machine software or virtual machine
manager (VMM) is directly installed on the Server system is known
as server virtualization.
Server virtualization is a partition of physical servers into multiple virtual
servers. Here, each virtual server is running its own operating system and
applications.
Usage:
Server virtualization is done because a single physical server can be
divided into multiple servers on the demand basis and for balancing
the load.
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How Server Virtualization works?
Each virtual server performs like a unique physical device, which
is capable to run its own operating system.
Here software which is specially designed for this purpose is used.
An administrator which is present in the software can convert one
physical server into multiple servers. So these multiple servers are
enough to use all the machines processing power.
CPU works with multiple processors that provides the ability to
run several complicated tasks with ease.
Here, the virtual server specially dedicates only to a particular task
to perform better. There are many servers which use only a small
part of their overall capability.
However, another problem which arises is that the larger the
computer network the more complex a server will be.
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Server Virtualization
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Storage Virtualization
Storage virtualization is the process of grouping the physical storage
from multiple network storage devices so that it looks like a single
storage device.
Usage:
Storage virtualization is mainly done for back-up and recovery
purposes.
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Storage Virtualization
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Hypervisor
A hypervisor is a form of virtualization software used in
Cloud hosting to divide and allocate the resources on various
pieces of hardware.
The program which provides partitioning, isolation or
abstraction is called virtualization hypervisor.
The hypervisor is a hardware virtualization technique that
allows multiple guest operating systems (OS) to run on a
single host system at the same time.
A hypervisor is sometimes also called a virtual machine
manager(VMM).
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Types of Hypervisor
TYPE-1 Hypervisor:
The hypervisor runs directly on the underlying host system. It is also
known as “Native Hypervisor” or “Bare metal hypervisor”. It does
not require any base server operating system. It has direct access to
hardware resources. Examples of Type 1 hypervisors include
VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V hypervisor.
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Pros & Cons of Type-1 Hypervisor
Pros:
Such kind of hypervisors are
very efficient because they have
direct access to the physical
hardware resources(like Cpu,
Memory, Network, Physical
storage). This causes the
empowerment the security
because there is nothing any
kind of the third party resource
so that attacker couldn’t
compromise with anything.
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Cons:
One problem with Type-1
hypervisor is that they
usually need a dedicated
separate machine to perform
its operation and to instruct
different VMs and control
the host hardware resources.

TYPE-2 Hypervisor
A Host operating system runs on the underlying host system. It is
also known as ‘Hosted Hypervisor”. Such kind of hypervisors
doesn’t run directly over the underlying hardware rather they run as
an application in a Host system(physical machine). Basically,
software installed on an operating system. Hypervisor asks the
operating system to make hardware calls.
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Example of Type 2 hypervisor includes VMware Player or Parallels
Desktop. Hosted hypervisors are often found on endpoints like
PCs.
The type-2 hypervisor is are very useful for engineers, security
analyst(for checking malware, or malicious source code and newly
developed applications).

Pros & Cons of Type-2 Hypervisor
Pros: Such kind
of hypervisors allows quick
and easy access to a guest
Operating System alongside
the host machine running.
These hypervisors usually
come with additional useful
features for guest machine.
Such tools enhance the
coordination between the
host machine and guest
machine.
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Cons: Here there is no direct
access to the physical hardware
resources so the efficiency of
these hypervisors lags in
performance as compared to the
type-1 hypervisors, and
potential security risks are also
there an attacker can
compromise the security
weakness if there is access to
the host operating system so he
can also access the guest
operating system.

Advantages of Virtualization
• Using Virtualization for Efficient Hardware Utilization
• Using Virtualization to Increase Availability
• Disaster Recovery
• Save Energy
• Deploying Servers too fast
• Save Space in your Server Room or Datacenter
• Testing and setting up Lab Environment
• Shifting all your Local Infrastructure to Cloud in a day
• Possibility to Divide Services
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Disadvantages of Virtualization
• Extra Costs
• Software Licensing
• Learn the new Infrastructure
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Broad Division of Virtualization
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Broad Division of Virtualization
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Virtual Machine Life Cycle
The cycle starts by a request delivered to the IT department,
stating the requirement for creating a new server for a particular
service.
This request is being processed by the IT administration to start
seeing the servers’ resource pool, matching these resources with
requirements
Starting the provision of the needed virtual machine.
Once it provisioned and started, it is ready to provide the required
service according to an SLA.
Virtual is being released; and free resources.
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Virtual Machine Provisioning
The common and normal steps of provisioning a virtual server are
as follows:
Firstly, you need to select a server from a pool of available servers
(physical servers with enough capacity) along with the appropriate
OS template you need to provision the virtual machine.
Secondly, you need to load the appropriate software (operating
System you selected in the previous step, device drivers,
middleware, and the needed applications for the service required).
Thirdly, you need to customize and configure the machine (e.g., IP
address, Gateway) to configure an associated network and storage
resources.
Finally, the virtual server is ready to start with its newly loaded
software.
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Virtual Machine Provisioning
• To summarize, server provisioning is defining server’s configuration
based on the organization requirements, a hardware, and software
component (processor, RAM, storage, networking, operating system,
applications, etc.).
• Normally, virtual machines can be provisioned by manually installing an
operating system, by using a preconfigured VM template, by cloning an
existing VM, or by importing a physical server or a virtual server from
another hosting platform. Physical servers can also be virtualized and
provisioned using P2V (Physical to Virtual) tools and techniques (e.g.,
virt-p2v).
• After creating a virtual machine by virtualizing a physical server, or by
building a new virtual server in the virtual environment, a template can
be created out of it.
• Most virtualization management vendors (VMware, XenServer, etc.)
provide the data center’s administration with the ability to do such tasks
in an easy way.
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Load balancing
• Cloud load balancing is defined as the method of splitting workloads
and computing properties in a cloud computing. It enables enterprise to
manage workload demands or application demands by distributing
resources among numerous computers, networks or servers. Cloud load
balancing includes holding the circulation of workload traffic and
demands that exist over the Internet.
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Load balancing
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Cloud load balancing is defined as
the method of splitting workloads
and computing properties in a cloud
computing.
It enables enterprise to manage
workload demands or application
demands by distributing resources
among numerous computers,
networks or servers.
Cloud load balancing includes
holding the circulation of workload
traffic and demands that exist over
the Internet.

Load balancing
There are two elementary solutions to overcome the problem of
overloading on the servers-
 First is a single-server solution in which the server is
upgraded to a higher performance server. However, the new
server may also be overloaded soon, demanding another
upgrade. Moreover, the upgrading process is arduous and
expensive.
 Second is a multiple-server solution in which a scalable
service system on a cluster of servers is built. That’s why it is
more cost effective as well as more scalable to build a server
cluster system for network services.
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Bibliography
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• Cloud Computing Bible, Barrie Sosinsky, Wiley-India, 2010.
• Cloud Computing: Principles and Paradigms, Editors: Rajkumar Buyya,
James Broberg, Andrzej M. Goscinski, Wile, 2011
•https://www.tutorialspoint.com/virtualization2.0/virtualization2.0_pros_an
d_cons.htm
• http://www.webgranth.com/a-complete-reference-to-cloud-computing

Lecture 11 (Virtualization and Load Balancer).pptx

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