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Laws of thermodynamics
The four laws of thermodynamics define fundamental physical quantities like temperature, energy, and entropy that characterize systems in thermal equilibrium, and describe how these quantities behave under different conditions, prohibiting certain phenomena like perpetual motion. The laws were established after Count Rumford showed in 1797 that mechanical action can generate unlimited heat from a fixed amount of material, challenging earlier theories of heat. The first law was then formulated by Sadi Carnot in 1824.
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Laws of thermodynamics
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- 2. The four lawsof thermodynamics define fundamental physical quantities (temperature, energy, and entropy) that characterize thermodynamic systems at thermal equilibrium.The laws describe how these quantities behave under various circumstances, and forbid certain phenomena (such as perpetual motion). INTRODUCTION
- 26. Circa 1797, CountRumford (born Benjamin Thompson) showed that endless mechanical action can generate indefinitely large amounts of heat from a fixed amount of working substance thus challenging the caloric theory of heat, which held that there would be a finite amount of caloric heat/energy in a fixed amount of working substance.The first established thermodynamic principle, which eventually became the second law of thermodynamics, was formulated by Sadi Carnot in 1824. History