JavaScript(Es5) Interview Questions & Answers

JavaScript Interview Q's
1) What is JavaScript? What are the advantages and dis advantages of Java script?
Ans) It is a client side scripting language. It is used to create interactive websites. It was
developed by Brendan Eich.
JavaScript is a loosely typed or a dynamic type language. That means you don't need to
specify type of the variable because type will get determined automatically while the program
is being processed.
Advantages:
1. Client side validations
2. No server burden
3. Develop desktop Widgets
4. Display Popup and Dialog boxes
Dis Advantages:
1. Cross Browser Dependent Issues
2. If we disables JavaScript, then there is no action events.
3. No security code..
2) Diff b/w undefined and not defined?
Ans) Undefined: variable was declared ( with the statement-keyword 'var' ), but not
assigned with a value.
var my_var;
Not defined:- A not defined is a variable which is not declared at a given point of time with
declaration keyword like var, let or const.
console.log(a);
var a = 5;
//Output:- undefined
3) Diff b/w undefined and null?
Ans) Undefined means a variable has been declared but has not yet been assigned a value. On
the other hand, null is an assignment value. It can be assigned to a variable as a representation of no
value.
Also, undefined and null are two distinct types: undefined is a type itself (undefined) while
null is an object

4) What are the differences between == and ===?
Ans) “ ==” Operator Checks Only Data But “===” Operator Checks Data And Type Also.
5) What are the data types used in JavaScript?
Ans) There are two types of data types in JavaScript.
1. Primitive : String, Number, Boolean, Undefined, Null
2. Non-Prmitive / reference : Object, Array, RegExp
Example:
-----------
var length = 16; // Number
var lastName = "info"; // String
var person; // undefined
var person = null; // null
var y = true; // Boolean
var course = ["java", ".net", "UI"]; // Array
var x = {firstName:"getsure", lastName:"info"}; // Object
var patt = /getsure/ig;
6) What is Object? How many ways to create objects in JavaScript?
Ans) JavaScript objects are combination of properties (key & value) and methods.
The value can be a primitive type, an object or a function. Properties can be added,
updated, removed at any time and some are read only.
Note: Do Not Declare String, Number And Boolean As Objects As Complicate Your Code
And Slow Down Execution Speed
There are 3 ways to create objects:
1. By object literal
2. By using an object constructor (using new keyword)
3. By creating instance of Object directly (using new keyword)

7. What does "1"+2+4 evaluate to? What does 3+4+"7" evaluate to?
Ans) Anything which follows string is converted to String.
Hence, "1" is string, and the digits 2 and 4 which comes
after this, also become part of string only.
So the answer is 124
Since 3 and 4 are integers, they will be added numerically. And since 7 is a string, its
concatenation will be done. So the result would be 77.
8) Does JavaScript Support automatic type conversion, If yes give example.
Ans) Yes! Javascript support automatic type conversion. It is most common way of type
conversion used by Javascript developers.
Example:
alert( typeof 3.14)=number
9) Explain about String properties and methods?
Ans) It is an object that represents a sequence of characters. It is used for storing and
manipulating text.
➢ charAt(index) : method returns the character at the given index
➢ concat(str) : concatenates or joins two strings.
➢ indexOf(str) : method returns the index position of the given string
➢ lastIndexOf(str): method returns the last index position of the given string.
➢ toLowerCase()/toUpperCase() toLowerCase() : method returns the given string in
lowercase/uppercase letters.
➢ trim(): method removes leading and trailing whitespaces from the string
➢ replace() method: It replaces the value with specified value or regex.
10) What is Closure? Explain briefly?
Ans) Closure is an inner function that has access to the outer function's variables in
addition to its own variables and global variables.
The inner function has access not only access to the outer function variables, but also outer
function's parameters. We can create a closure by adding a function inside another function.

Example:
Var z=10;
function outerFunction(x) {
var tmp = 3;
function innerFunction(y) {
document.write(z+x + y + tmp); // will print 20
}
innerFunction(5);
}
outerFunction(2);
11) How to add a method to already defined class (What is Prototype)
Ans) It is also an object. All JavaScript objects inherit their properties and methods from
their prototype. By using prototype we can add properties and methods at runtime
Note: prototype is similar to classes in Es6 on words
Employee.prototye.myObject=”Charan Kumar”
12) What is Array? What are the methods available? Diff b/w Slice and Splice
methods?
Ans) It is an indexed collection of fixed number of homogenous data elements. Simply, It is
used to store multiple values in a single variable.
Methods:
❖ pop() : method removes the last element from an array:
❖ push(): method adds a new element to an array (at the end):
❖ unshift(): Method is used to add new items to the beginning of an array.
❖ shift() :Method is used to Remove the first item of an array
❖ delete fruits[0] is also used for delete the particular Index element.
❖ sort(): method sorts an array alphabetically:
❖ reverse(): method reverses the elements in an array.
❖ concat() : method creates a new array by concatenating two arrays:
❖ splice() : method can be used to add /remove items to/from an array.
// 1st parameter indicates index and 2nd parameter indicates how many
elements u have to remove.
❖ slice() : method slices out a piece of an array into a new array
// from nth index to (n-1)th index but in slice() last index is excluding .

13) What is the use of "Use Strict"?
Ans) The purpose of "use strict" is to indicate that the code should be executed in "strict
mode".
14) One object properties / functions, how can we use in other functions (Diff b/w
call, apply, bind)
Ans)
Call ():
var obj = {name:"Charan"};
var myscript = function(a,b,c){
return "welcome "+this.name+" to "+a+" "+b+" institute"+c;
};
console.log(myscript.call(obj,"Your","New"," Getsureinfo "));
// returns output as welcome Charan to Your New institute Getsureinfo.
Apply ():
};
// array of arguments to the actual function
var args = ["Your "," New "," Getsureinfo "];
console.log(myscript.apply(obj,args));
Bind ():
};
//creates a bound function that has same body and parameters
var bound = myscript.bind(obj);
console.dir(bound); ///returns a function
console.log(bound ("Your "," New "," Getsureinfo "));

15) Diff b/w forEach, for in and for of?
Ans) ForEach: : Foreach Is An Array Method That We Can Use To Execute A Function
On Each Element In An Array. It Can Only Be Used On Arrays, Maps, And Sets.
Example:
const arr = ['cat', 'dog', 'fish'];
arr.forEach(element => {
console.log(element);
});
// cat
// dog
// fish
For…In: For...in Is Used To Iterate Over The Enumerable Properties Of Objects. Every
Property In An Object Will Have An Enumerable Value — If That Value Is Set To True,
Then The Property Is Enumerable.
Example:
const obj = {
a: 1,
b: 2,
c: 3,
d: 4
}
for (let elem in obj) {
console.log( obj[elem] )
}
// 1
// 2
// 3
// 4
For of: for of is a new way for iterating collections. Its introduced in ES6, whereas
forEach is only for arrays. forEach gives you access to the index, if you want it, whereas
for..of does not.

Example:
const obj = {
a: 1,
b: 2,
c: 3,
d: 4
}
for (let elem of obj) {
console.log( elem )
}
// 1
// 2
// 3
// 4
16) What is Inheritance. Explain both inheritances?
Ans) Parent Object Properties and methods may acquire(access) from the child object is
nothing but inheritance.
❖ __Proto__
❖ Prototype and Call()
❖ Object.Creat()
❖ Es6 Classes
❖ TypeScript Interfaces
17) Explain function hoisting in JavaScript?
Ans) By default At Run Time, In JavaScript, Moves All The Function Declarations To The
Top Of The Current Scope. This Is Called Function Hoisting. This Is The Reason JavaScript
Functions Can Be Called Before They Are Defined.
Note: Function Hoisting is not applicable for Anonymous function expressions.
Example:
1. Defining a function then calling it:
function addition(firstNumber, secondNumber) {
var sum = firstNumber + secondNumber;

return sum;
}
var result = addition(10,20);
document.write("Result value---->"+result);
2. Function call is present before the function definition:
var result = addition(10,20);
document.write("Result value---->"+result);
function addition(firstNumber, secondNumber) {
var sum = firstNumber + secondNumber;
return sum;
}
18) What is event bubbling and capturing?
Ans) Event bubbling and capturing are two ways of event propagation in the HTML DOM
API, when an event occurs in an element inside another element, and both elements have
registered a handle for that event.
19) What does Object.create do?
Ans) Object.Create Method Is Another Method To Create New Object In Javascript.
object.create(Prototype_object, Propertiesobject)
Object.create Methods Accepts Two Arguments:
• Prototypeobject: Newly Created Objects Prototype Object. It Has To Be An
Object Or Null.
• Propertiesobject: Properties Of The New Object. This Argument Is Optional
Example:
var person = Object.create(null);
typeof(person) // Object
console.log(person) // Object with prototype object as null
// Set property to person object
person.name = "Virat";
console.log(person) // Object with name as property and prototype as null

20) Difference between freeze and seal methods?
Ans) Object. Seal:
▪ It prevents adding and/or removing properties from the sealed object; using
delete will return false
▪ It makes every existing property non-configurable: they cannot be converted from
'data descriptors' to 'accessor descriptors' (and vice versa), and no attribute of
accessor descriptors can be modified at all (whereas data descriptors can change
their writable attribute, and their value attribute if writeable is true).
▪ Can throw a TypeError when attempting to modify the value of the sealed object
itself (most commonly in strict mode)
Object. Freeze:
• Exactly what Object.seal does, plus:
• It prevents modifying any existing properties
• Neither one affects 'deep'/grandchildren objects (e.g. if obj is frozen or sealed, obj.el
can't be changed, but obj.el.id can).
Freeze: makes the object immutable, meaning no change to defined property allowed,
unless they are objects.
Seal: prevent addition of properties, however defined properties still can be changed.

JavaScript(Es5) Interview Questions & Answers

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JavaScript(Es5) Interview Questions & Answers